Lesson-17-Oil-Separator

精品文档 1欢迎下载 Lesson 17 Oil Separator 第 17 课 分油机 1 To ensure good combustion in diesel engines and reduce wear and corrosion in the engine it may be necessary to remove certain impurities from fuel and lubricating oil When impurities are suspended solids or immiscible liquids they can be removed reasonably successfully by one or more of a number of methods The methods used at sea are heating to allow separation of water present coarse and fine filtering to remove solid particles and also centrifuging Of these three methods centrifuging is the most widely used 1 为确保柴油机的良好燃烧和减少磨损与腐蚀 需要去除燃油和滑油中的某些杂质 当杂 质是悬浮固体或不溶性液体时 可以通过一种或多种方法将其相当成功地除掉 航行中常 用的方法有 加热以分离出油中存在的水分 粗 细过滤以除去固体颗粒 以及离心分离 上述三种方法中 离心分离法应用最广 2 For many years marine centrifuges were designed for batch operation that is the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowl The machine was stopped when the accumulated solids began to impair its performance and the solids were removed Batch centrifuging is still commonly used especially for lubricating oil purification but many machines capable of continuous or semi continuous sludge discharge are now at sea 2 多年以来 船用离心机一直设计为间歇操作式 即在离心机持续运行时间内 固体杂质 存贮在分离筒内 当杂质积累到要削弱其性能时 离心机要停止工作 进行排渣 间歇式 离心分离仍然被广泛使用 尤其是在滑油的净化方面 但是许多能够连续排渣或半连续排 渣的离心机现在也在船上使用 3 The centrifugal separator is used to separate two liquids for example oil and water or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil Separation is speeded up by the use of a centrifuge and can be arranged as a continuous process Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate two liquids it is known as a purifier Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amounts of water from oil it is known as a clarifier 3 离心式分离机用来分离两种液体 如油和水 或者用来分离液体和固体 如污油 使用分 离机可加快分离速度 且可将分离安排成一个连续的过程 当分油机用来分离两种液体时 叫作 分水机 见图 17 1 当分油机用来分离油中的杂质和少量水时 叫作 分杂机 精品文档 2欢迎下载 4 A centrifuge consists of an electric motor drive to a vertical shaft on the top of which is mounted the bowl assembly An outer framework surrounds the assembly and carries the various feed and discharge connections The bowl can be a solid assembly which retains the separated sludge and operates non continuously or the bowl can be arranged so that the upper and lower parts separate and the sludge can be discharged while the centrifuge operates continuously 4 离心分油机由驱动立轴的电动机和在此立轴上端安装的分离筒组件组成 分离筒组件外 是机壳 机壳上带有各种供给和排放接头 分离筒可以是整体式的 它将分离出来的油渣 保留在其中 并以不连续的方式运行 分离筒也可以制成上 下分开式的 在离心机不间 断地运行时 油渣可以排出 5 The liquid is fed into the stack either from the outer edge of the discs or via distribution holes towards the periphery of the discs depending on the make of the machine and flows along the spaces between adjacent plates The plates then act as an extended settling surface the heavy phase particles passing through the light phase and impinging on the under surfaces of the discs Once the particles have impinged on the disc surfaces they are able to accumulate and eventually slide along the discs towards the periphery At the periphery of the disc the water globules and solid particles leave the stack The heavier solid particles pass t o the bowl wall and the water is sandwiched between the solids and the oil which orientates itself towards the bowl center The boundaries at which substances meet are known as interfaces 5 液体根据分离机的不同型号通过分离盘的外边缘或分离盘外周边的分配孔进入分离盘 沿着相邻的分离盘流动 这些分离盘充当了延伸的沉淀面 重质颗粒穿过轻质成分 冲击 精品文档 3欢迎下载 分离盘的下表面 一旦颗粒撞击到分离盘下表面 就会聚积并最终沿分离盘滑移到外围水 珠和固体颗粒从分离盘的外周离开分离盘组 较重的固体颗粒到达分离筒壁 水分被夹拍 固体和油之间并自动流向分离筒中央 各类物质相接的边界叫作分界面 6 The mechanical design of the centrifuge requires that the interface is confined within certain strict limits To gain the fullest advantage from the disc stack the interface should be located outside of it On the other hand if the interface is located outside the water outlet baffle top disc discharge of oil in the water phase will take place Factors influencing the interface position are 6 离心机的机械设计要求分界面限定在一个严格的范围内 为从分离盘组获得最佳的分离 效果 分界面应位于分离盘的外侧 另一方面 如果分界面位于出水口挡板 顶端分离盘 的外部 水中可能会有油排出 影响分界面位置的因素有 Oil viscosity and density A high oil density will position the interface closer to the bowl periphery than will a low density 油的黏度和密度 高密度的油和低密度的油相比 会使分界面更靠近分离筒边缘 Throughput and back pressure As a rule the interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery at a high throughput than at a low one The same effect is produced by a high back pressure and a low one respectively in the clean oil outlet 分油量和背压 作为常规 大分油量会使分界面比小分油量更靠近分离筒边缘 净油出口 的背压会分别产生同样的效果 Gravity disc The location of the interface is adjusted by altering the outlet for the water i e exchanging the gravity disc Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery whereas a disc with smaller hole diameter will position the interface closer to the bowl center 比重环 油水分界面的定位可通过改变出水口即更换比重环调节 更换大口径的比重环将 使分界面移向分离筒边缘 相反 小口径比重环将使分界面移向分离筒中心 7 Normally a table is provided with the machine giving the disc diameter required for purifying oil of various specific gravities 7 分油机通常会配有表格 给出分离不同比重的油所需要的比重环直径 8 It is important to realize that variation in oil temperature will cause a proportional variation in specific gravity and for this reason the feed temperature must remain constant To some extent the feed rate will have an effect on the interface excessive feed should be avoided in any event since the quality of separation deteriorates with increase of throughput To prevent oil passing out of the water side on start up it is necessary to put water into the bowl until the water shows at the water discharge The bowl is then hydraulically sealed 8 重要的是要认识到油的温度与比重的变化成比例 因此 供油温度必须保持稳定 在某 精品文档 4欢迎下载 种程度上 给油量也对分界面有影响 在任何情况下都要避免给油量过大 因为分油量增 大会使分离质量下降 为了防止在启动时油从水侧排出 应把水注人分离筒直到看到水流 出排水侧为止 分离筒随之被液压密封 B Multiple Choice选择题 Questions 1 5 are based on paragraphs 1 3 根据课文第 1 3 段回答问题 1 5 1 What equipment is used to remove impurities from fuel oil and lube oil 什么装置用来去除燃油和润滑油中的杂质 答案 D A Cylinder 气缸 B Jacket 缸套 C Incinerator 焚烧炉 D Oil separator 分油机 2 Why is it necessary to remove impurities from fuel oil and lube oil before being used 为什么在使用之前去除燃油和润滑油中的杂质是必需的 答案 D A To ensure good combustion保证燃烧良好 B To reduce wear 减少磨损 C To reduce corrosion 减少腐蚀 D All of the above 以上全部 3 What are the methods used to remove impurities usually 通常用什么方法去除杂质 答案 D A Heating to allow separation of water present 加热以使存在的水分离 B Coarse and fine filtering 粗 细过滤 C Centrifuging 离心 D All of the above 以上全部 4 Which method of removing impurities is the most widely used 哪种去除杂质的方法是用得最广的 答案 C A Coarse filtering粗过滤 B Fine filtering 细过滤 C Centrifuging 离心 D None of the above 以上都不是 5 Which one is the characteristic of centrifugal separator 离心式分离机的特点是哪一个 答案 D A Batch operation 间歇式操作 B Semi continuous sludge discharge 半连续排渣 C Continuous sludge discharge 连续排渣 D All of the above 以上全部 Questions 6 8 are based on paragraphs 4 5 根据课文第 4 5 段回答问题 6 8 6 What does the centrifuge consist of 离心分油机由什么组成 答案 C A Motor drive驱动电机 B Bowl assembly分离筒组件 C Both A and B A 和 B 都是 D Neither A nor B A 和 B 都不是 7 How is the bowl arranged 分离筒是如何安置的 答案 C 精品文档 5欢迎下载 A Solid assembly 整体式 B Be arranged in two parts 分成两部分 C Either A or B A 或 B D Neither A nor B A B 都不是 8 How is the liquid fed into the discs 液体如何进人分离盘 答案 C A From the outer edge of the discs 从分离盘的外缘 B Through distribution holes 从分油孔 C Either A or B A 或 B D Neither A nor B A B 都不是 Questions 9 12 are based on paragraphs 6 8 根据课文第 6 8 段回答问题 9 12 9 What are the factors influencing the interface position 影响分界面位置的因素是什么 答案 D A Oil viscosity and density 油的豁度和密度 B Throughput and back pressure分油量和背压 C Gravity disc 比重环 D All of the above 以上全部 10 In which of the following conditions is the interface closer to the bowl periphery 分界面接近分离筒边缘时会出现什么情况 答案 A A The oil density is high 油黏度高 B The oil viscosity is low 油黏度低 C Nothing to do with the viscosity 与黏度无关 D Low throughput 分油量低 11 Which one is right according to the text 根据课文 下列哪个是正确的 答 案 C A The interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery when the throughput is low 当分油量少的时候分界面更接近分离筒的边缘 B The interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery when the back pressure is low 当背压低的时候分界面更接近分离筒的边缘 C The feed rate will have an effect on the interface 给油量对分界面有 影响 D None of the above is right 以上都不正确 12 How does the gravity disc affect the location of the interface 比重环如何影响分界面的位置 答案 A A Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery 更换大口径的比重环将使分界面移向分 离筒的边缘 B Changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery更换小口径的比重环将使分界面移向 分离筒的边缘 C Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the 精品文档 6欢迎下载 interface towards the bowl center更换大口径的比重环将使分界面移向分离筒的 中心 D None of the above is right 以上都不正确 Task 2 Vocabulary and Structure 任务 2 词汇与结构 A Technical Terms专业术语 Translate the following into Chinese 将下列词组译成汉语 1 batch operation间歇式操作 2 coarse and fine filtering 粗 细过滤 3 bowl periphery分离筒边缘 4 gravity disc 比重环 5 proportional variation成比例变化 6 hole diameter 口径 7 heavier fractions and the lighter fractions重质馏分和轻质馏分 B Active Words 常用词 Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in the table Change the form of the words if necessary 从框中选词完成句子 如有必要改变词的形式 Impingeconfineaccumulateretain 1 In order to impinge a liquid we must apply a pressure 为了接触到液体 我们必须施加一个压力 2 Any moisture accumulated in the system is to be cleared out 任何累积在系统中的湿气都将被清除 3 This system minimise