romanticism-浪漫主义.ppt

Romanticism Contents GeneralintroductionHistoricalandsocialbackgroundRomanticisminmusicRomanticisminvisualartsRomanticisminliteratureRomanticismandscienceCharacteristicsofromanticismDistinctionsbetweenromanticismandNeoclassicism Generalintroduction Romanticismisamovementthatmarkedapartialreactioninliterature philosophy art religion andpoliticsfromneoclassicismoftheprecedingperiod Forromantics thefeeling institutionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense Itstartedaroundtheyearof1780andendaroundtheyearof1830 ThemovementoriginatedinGermanyandquicklyspreadtoEngland France andothercountries ItreachedtoAmericaaroundtheyearof1820 Romanticismvaluestheparticularinsight Itrejectsanysenseofrationallimitstowhatthehumanimaginationmightknow Asamovement romanticisminvolvedarevoltagainstconventionandauthorityandasearchforfreedominpersonal political andartisticlife Itstressedindividualism affirmedthevalueofthecommonpeople Historicalandsocialbackground TheFrenchRevolutionandIndustrialRevolutionplayedahugeroleininfluencingRomanticism AstheFrenchRevolutionchangedthelivesofvirtuallyeveryoneinthenationandevencontinentbecauseofitsdrasticandimmediateshiftinsocialreformation itgreatlyinfluencedmanywritersatthetime Insteadofsearchingforrulesgoverningnatureandhumanbeings theromanticssearchedforadirectcommunicationwithnatureandtreatedhumansasuniqueindividualsnotsubjecttooldrules TheFrenchRevolution TheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtgreatchangestothesociety Thenewtechnologiesandneweconomicideasoccurredatthattime AlloftheseexertgreatinfluenceonRomanticism TheIndustrialRevolution TheSpinningJenny1760s SteamEngine JamesWatt 1777 Firstusedincoalindustry Textilemills late1800s RomanticisminMusic MusicalRomanticismwasmarkedbyemphasisonoriginalityandindividuality emotionalexpression andfreedomandexperimentationofform LudwigvanBeethovenandFranzSchubertbridgedtheClassicalandRomanticperiods forwhiletheirformalmusicaltechniqueswerebasicallyClassical theirmusic sintenselypersonalfeelingandtheiruseofprogrammaticelementsprovidedanimportantmodelfor19th centuryRomanticcomposers Symphony 交响乐 Hero 英雄 Destiny 命运 PianoSonata 钢琴奏鸣曲 Pathetique 悲怆 Moonlight 月光 Storm 暴风雨 andenthusiasm 热情 LudwigvanBeethoven 贝多芬 EllensdritterGesang 圣母颂 Diesch neM llerin D 795 美丽的磨坊女 第四交响曲 悲剧 第五交响曲 第八交响曲 未完成 第九交响曲 伟大 FranzPeterSchubert 弗朗茨 舒伯特 Romanticisminvisualarts AsalientfeaturedefiningRomanticpainterswastheirheightenedawarenessofthebeautiesofthenaturalworld Artistsidentifiedtheirpersonalfeelingswithnature schangingaspects Theartistwasseenastheinterpreterofhiddenmysteriesofnature towhichendimaginativeinsightmustcombinewithabsolutefidelityandsincerity Interestintransitoryphenomenaledpainterstodevotethemselvestoanaccuratestudyoflightandatmosphereandtheireffectsonthelandscape Andduringthisperiod theindividualismwasstressedandhadastronginfluenceonthevisualarts WanderingAbovetheSeaofFogCasparDavidFriedrich 1818 SirFrankDicksee 1853 1928 SnowstormTurner AuroraBorealisFredericChurch 1865 AnAvalancheintheAlpsPhilipJamesdeLoutherbourg 1803 Romanticisminliterature Thisperiodisalsoagreatfloweringtimeforliterature Romanticliteratureischaracterizedbyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivityofapproach freedomofthoughtandexpression andanidealizationofnature Thisliteratureemphasizedanewflexibilityofformadaptedtovaryingcontent encouragedthedevelopmentofcomplexandfast movingplots andallowedmixedgenres tragicomedyandtheminglingofthegrotesqueandthesublime andfreerstyle TheLakePoets WilliamWordsworth 1770 1850 WilliamWordsworth 1770 1850 wasoneofthemostaccomplishedandinfluentialofEngland sromanticpoets whosetheoriesandstylecreatedanewtraditioninpoetry HisLyricalBallads firstpublishedin1798andcollaboratedwithSamuelTaylorColeridge isgenerallytakentomarkthebeginningoftheromanticmovementinEnglishpoetry Hismasterpieces IWanderedLonelyasaCloudComposeduponWestminsterBridgeAndSheDweltamongtheUntroddenWays etc SamuelTaylorColeridge 1772 1834 Apoetandcritic onceanintimatefriendofWilliamandDorothyWordsworth keptintimaterelationwithRobertSouthey Hewasamajorinfluence viaEmerson onAmericantranscendentalism Asapoet hecomposedseveralgreatworks including TheRimeoftheAncientMariner 1798 KublaKhan 1797 unfinished 54lines Christabel 1797 1800 unfinished itresemblesincontenttheGothicnovels RobertSouthey 1714 1843 ApoetLaureatefrom1813 1843 oneoftheLakepoets Southeywasaprolificletterwriter literaryscholar essaywriter historianandbiographer Inpoetry hewasrememberedonlyforhisshortpoems suchasMyDaysamongtheDeadArePassed AVisionofJudgment 1821 GeorgeGordonByron 1 shortlyricsandsonnet HoursofIdleness 1807 HebrewMelodies 1815 Prometheus 1816 SonnetonChillon 1816 2 poeticdrama Manfred 1817 Cain 1821 HeavenandEarth 1821 3 longnarrativepoem ChildeHarold sPilgrimage 1812 1st 2nd ThePrisonerofChillon 1816 ChildeHarold sPilgrimage 1816 3rd 1818 4th DonJuan 1818 1820 4 satiricalpoem EnglishBardsandScotchReviewers 1807 TheVisionofJudgment 1821 PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 Apoetwithaphilosophicaldepth Asocialistwithpuresympathytothecommonpeople Asoldierwhokeptfightingagainstthetyranny Hismainworks 1 LongnarrativepoemQueenMab 1813 2 PoeticdramaPrometheusUnbound3 lyricpoem natureandlove OdetotheWestWind 1819 4 literarycriticismADefenceofPoetry 1840 JohnKeats 1795 1821 Thepoetofbeautyandlove aman madeonewithNature 1 LongPoemsEndymion TheEveofSt Agnes Hyperion TheFallofHyperion2 Shortpoems OdesandSonnetsOdetoPsyche OdetoANightingaleOdeonaGrecianUrn OdetoIndolenceOdeToAutumn OdeonMelancholy JaneAusten Herbest knownbooksincludePRIDEANDPREJUDICE 1813 andEMMA 1816 VirginiaWoolfcalledAusten themostperfectartistamongwomen RomanticismandScience TheRomanticmovementaffectedmostaspectsofintellectuallife andRomanticismandSciencehadapowerfulconnection especiallyintheperiod1800 1840 Manyscientistswereinfluencedbyromanticthoughts TheirworktouncoverwhattheytendedtobelievewasaunifiedandorganicNature Thenaturalsciencehadmadegreatprogressduringthisperiod Characteristicsofromanticism Romanticismextolledtheindividual celebratedtheimagination andglorifiednaturebesidesitsusualemphasisoverthefeatureslikeintuitive thesubjective theirrational thespontaneous thevisionary theemotional theexotic themysteriousandtrancendental SomeGeneralDistinctio