文献翻译-汽车工业未来20年发展策略

1附录 A 外文文献及其翻译As the standard of peoples lives increase, the demands to the automotive increase too. Moreover, as the energy of our earth being consuming, the environments becoming worse, humanity believe that they must save the world and save ourselves through some measurements. So different field people do their best to save energy and reduce the damage to the environment. So people working at automotive now are working not only at the comfortability for consumers, but also at the saving energy, sustainable development, less polluting. I listen to lecture form Nissan, getting some information as follow.The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam-powered automobiles capable of human transport. In 1806, the first cars powered by internal combustion engines running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. Cars powered by electricity briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from commonality until the turn of the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited.And I learned some imagines for automotive. Potential future car technologies include new energy sources and materials, which are being developed in order to make automobiles more sustainable, safer, more energy efficient, or less polluting. Cars are being developed in many different ways. With rising gas prices, the future of cars is leaning towards fuel efficiency, energy savers, hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicle and the fuel cell vehicle. Becoming auto-driving, the cars do not need people to drive them by himself/herself, and no matter the driver is an older or a kid. And each family will own just one car. With only one dirvers seat. Then the cars can be designed with less materials.So we can know that how important are strategies of one automotive cooperation. What should they do to have a better competition in future? I have some comments.First one also the most important is the talented personnel. From old times, technology has being the driving force for humanity to make progress with nature and history. And talent people drive technology going ahead. The professional standards of industrial psychologists require that any selection system be based on a job analysis to ensure that the selection criteria are job-related. The requirements for a selection system are knowledge, skills, ability, and other characteristics, known as KSAOs. U.S. law also recognizes bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs), which are requirements for a job which would be discriminatory were they not necessary - such as only employing men as wardens of maximum-security male prisons, or enforcing a mandatory retirement age for airline pilots, or a religious college only employing professors of its religion to teach its theology.The goal of personnel selection, as all business processes, is to ensure an adequate return on investment. In the case of selection, this entails assurances that the productivity of the new hires produces more value than the costs of recruiting, selecting, and training them. Within 2industrial psychology, the area of utility analysis specifically addresses this issue.Several screening methods exist that may be used in personnel selection. Examples include the use of minimum or desired qualifications, resume/application review, scored biodata instruments, oral interviews, work performance measures (e.g., writing samples), and tests (cognitive ability, personality, job knowledge). Development and implementation of such screening methods is sometimes done by human resources departments; larger organizations hire consultants or firms that specialize in developing personnel selection systems.On the basis of many talent personnel, I think the following comments are very easy to be carried out.Designing variety set of performances for different conditions and different demands. For example, some people may like dazzling out show with beautiful colors or strange shapes. Some people may like fuctions of automotive cars are focusing on entertainmentslistening music, watching videos, playing games, connecting with internet etc. Some people may like fuctions are focusing on commercial servicetaking part in conferences and listen live report. It is very difficult for one cooperation to achieve it unless there are many specialists in different fields and working for one cooperation. They can give different advice for different shapes and colors and service sets.The third comment is developing intelligent system for automotive cars. Nowadays natural resources are limited, not only the energy, but also the land. So as the amount of automotive cars owned increased, the demands to traffic conditions will improve. Highway and overpass will all over the world. And the routes will be very complicated. It is very difficult for one to remember all the routes or conditions. On the other hand, automotive cars may become expanding of ones personal space, family space or working space. The intelligent of a car is very important.The last one is the development of engineering system. One major problem in developing cleaner, energy efficient automobiles is the source of power to drive the engine. A variety of alternative fuel vehicles have been proposed or sold, including electric cars, hydrogen cars, and compressed-air cars. In one experiment done to improve the future of cars, a new kind of battery was installed which can be easily removed, and recharged in two different ways. First, by a generator integrated with the IC and second by removing the cassettes so that they can be recharged off-board in the home.Conventional automobiles operate at about 15% efficiency. The rest of the energy is lost to engine and drive-train inefficiencies and idling. Therefore, the potential to improve fuel efficiency with advanced technologies is enormous.Various technologies have been developed and utilized to increase the energy efficiency of conventional cars or supplement them, resulting in energy savings.Regenerative braking Regenerative braking technology saves and stores energy for future use or as back up power. When conventional brakes are used, 30% of the energy is lost in the 3form of heat. Regenerative braking uses this energy to recharge the batteries in a hybrid vehicle. BMWs Turbosteamer BMWs Turbosteamer concept uses energy from the exhaust gases of the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to power a steam engine which also contributes power to the automobile. This can increases energy efficiency up to 15 %. Compressed air Hybrid is an engine made by researchers at Brunel University, UK, which forces highly compressed air into the engine, which they claim reduces fuel consumption by 30%. Utilization of waste heat from D.W. as useful mechanical energy through exhaust powered steam, stirling engines, thermal diodes, etc.Using computational fluid dynamics in the design stage can produce vehicles which take significantly less energy to push through the air, a major consideration at highway speeds. The Volkswagen 1-litre car and Aptera 2 Series are examples of ultra-low-drag vehicles. Installing Vortex prevention devices at the back of the roof of a car reduces drag and therefore improve fuel efficiency.We all know that energy is the most serious problem for all the humanity. So developing new engineering system to save energy and reduce polluting is imminent.What I think are all above. Now my major work is study on cathode material of SOFCs to find one material to enhance the power density and enhance the performance of whole cells and then apply it for the automotive car or society. Hoping we have a beautiful future.4译文：汽车工业未来20年发展策略随着人们的生活水平提高,对汽车的需求也增加。此外,正如我们的地球的能量被消耗,环境日益恶化,人类相信他们必须拯救世界,拯救自己通过一些测量。所以不同领域人们尽力节约能源和减少对环境的破坏。所以人们现在工作在汽车工作不仅为消费者的舒适,而且在节能、可持续发展,更少的污染。我听讲座形式日产,获得一些信息如下。汽车开始的历史早在1769年,随着蒸汽汽车的创建能够人类运输。1806年,第一个汽车采用内燃机运行在燃料气出现了,它导致了1885年引入无处不在的现代汽油或汽油燃料内燃机。汽车由电力驱动,短暂出现在20世纪之交但基本消失从共性到21世纪的转折,当兴趣在低收入和零排放的交通工具重新燃起。我学会了一些想象的汽车。潜在的未来汽车技术包括新能源和材料,它正在开发为了使汽车更可持续、更安全、更节能,或少污染。汽车正在被开发,在许多不同的方法。与不断上涨的石油价格,未来的汽车是倾向于燃料效率、能源储户,混合动力汽车,电池电动汽车和燃料电池汽车。成为自驾,汽车不需要人去驾驶他们本人,无论司机是一个年长的或一个孩子。和每个家庭将自己的只是一辆车。只有一个司机的座位。那么汽车设计可以以更少的材料。所以我们可以知道如何重要的是战略的一个汽车合作。他们该做什么有一个更好的竞争在未来?我有一些评论。第一个也是最重要的是人才。从旧的时代,技术已经成为推动人类进步与自然和历史。和人才驱动技术前进。专业标准的工业心理学家要求任何选择系统是基于工作分析,以确保选择标准是与工作相关的。选择系统的要求是知识、技能、能力、和其他特征,称为 KSAO 的。美国法律也承认善意职业资格(BFOQs),要求一份工作将是歧视性的他们没有必要 比如只雇佣男性看守监狱,或执行最男性强制退休年龄,或者一个飞行员宗教学院只有用人教授的宗教教其神学。人员甄选的目的,因为所有业务流程,是确保一个适当的投资回报。在案例的选择,这就需要保证生产力的新员工生产的价值超过成本的招聘、选择和培训他们。在工业心理学,面积的效用分析具体解决了这个问题。几个筛选方法存在,可能用于人员选拔。例子包括使用最低或所需资格,简历/应用程序审查,打入个人经历仪器,口头面试、工作性能度量(如。 、写作样本),和测试(认知能力、性格、工作知识)。发展和实施这种筛选方法有时是由人力资源部门,更大的组织雇佣顾问或公司,专门开发人员选拔系统。根据许多人才人事,我认为下面的评论是很容易被执行。设计品种组表演不同的条件和不同的要求。例如,有些人可能喜欢耀眼的表演与美丽的颜色或奇怪的形状。有些人可能喜欢的汽车汽车方案专注于娱乐听音乐,看视频,玩游戏,与互联网连接等。有些人可能喜欢法正聚焦于商业服务采取