英语被动语态讲解与练习

精品文档 1欢迎下载 英语被动语态讲解及练习 一 什么是被动语态 英语中时态很多 但语态不多 只有两种 即 主动语态 和被动语态 所谓 被动语态 相当于中文中常说的 被 由 的句式 如 他的自行车被偷了 这座楼房是由他们建 造的 二 被动语态的结构 那么 英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢 请看下面的例 句 注意划线部分 His bicycle was stolen The building has been built in 2000 通过上面的例句 可以看出 被动语态 的构成是 be 过去分词 by 动作执行者 三 被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢 一般地说 有下面几种情况 1 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 例如 Paper is made from wood 纸是由木材生产出来的 The house is quite old It was built in 1950 这 座房子太旧了 它是 1950 年建成的 He was wounded in the fight 他在战斗在受伤了 Electricity is used to run machines 电是用来开动 精品文档 2欢迎下载 机器的 2 需要强调动作的对象时 例如 Calculator can t be used in the maths exam 计算器不能用于数学考试 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away 阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走 He was awarded first prize in that contest 他在比赛中获得了第一 3 为了使语气婉转 避免提到是谁做的这件事 例如 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month 新实验室必须在下个月底前完工 四 各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲 被动语态可用于英语的各种时态 为了能准确 地运用被动语态 重点是要掌握 be 动词的各种时态变化 各种时态 的被动语态举例如下 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day This car is made in China 2 一般过去式的被动语态 was were 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now 精品文档 3欢迎下载 The station was built in 1928 3 现在进行时的被动语态 am is are being 动词 的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now Some trees are being cut down in the park 4 过去进行时的被动语态 was were being 动词的 过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year 5 一般将来时的被动语态 A will shall be 动词的过去分词 B am is are going to be 动词的过去分词 Some new factories will be built in our city this year Your watch is going to be mended in an hour 6 过去将来时的被动语态 1 would should be 动 词的过去分词 2 was were going to be 动词的过去分词 She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city He thought that your watch was going to be mended 精品文档 4欢迎下载 after an hour 7 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been 动词的过 去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year Your watch has been mended already 8 过去完成时的被动语态 had been 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city I didn t know that my watch had been mended 9 含情态动词的被动式 can may must be done 例如 He can not be found I must be paid for this 五 如何将主动语态变成被动语态 1 从句子意义上说 就是重新找出 什么事物 是 被完成 的 例 1 主动语态 人们说英语 People speak English in many countries 被动语态 英语被说 English is spoken in many countries 例 2 精品文档 5欢迎下载 主动语态 我们造这座桥 We built this bridge last year 被动语态 这座桥被建造 This bridge was built last year 2 从语法的角度说 把原句的宾语改成主语 例 1 主动语态 小王邀请你 宾语 Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party 被动语态 你 宾语 被邀请 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang 例 2 主动语态 你不准带走杂志 宾语 You must not take these magazines out of the reading room 被动语态 杂志 宾语 不准被带走 These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room 例 3 主动语态 他们授给他 宾语 一枚奖章 宾语 They gave him a medal for his wonderful work 被动语态 他 宾语 被授予一枚奖章 He was given a medal for his wonderful work 被动语态 一枚奖章 宾语 被授给了他 A medal was given to him for his wonderful work 精品文档 6欢迎下载 六 练习 1 We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow s meeting 提示 the problem be discuss 2 Has anybody fed the birds 提示 Has anybody be feed 3 People will never forget the accident 提示 the accident will be forget 4 They are repairing the car in the garage 提示 the car be being repair 5 Someone must have turned on the light without your notice 提示 the light must have be turn on 6 They have found ways to make waste water clean 7 Someone must take care of the children when we go out 8 They won t hold the meeting until next Friday 9 You may write this letter in pencil 10 They gave him a medal for his wonderful work 被动语态复习 ABC A 熟记结构 被动语态的结构为 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 p p 被动 语态的不同时态是通过 be 的时态变化来表示的 其人称和数方面应 精品文档 7欢迎下载 与主语保持一致 其具体变化为 一般现在时 am is are p p 一般过去时 was were p p 一般将来时 shall will be p p 现在完成时 have has been p p 现在进行时 am is are being p p 过去将来时 should would be p p 含情态动词的被动结构 情态动词 be p p 例如 Chinese by the largest number of people A speak B is speaking C speaks D is spoken 选 D 考查一般现在时的被动语态 The boy to get supper ready after school A were told B is telling C was told D tells 选 C 考查一般过去时的被动语态 A lot of new roads built in the west of China A must 精品文档 8欢迎下载 B must be C has D have 选 B 考查含情态动词的被动语态 B 明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况 1 不知道谁是动作的执行者 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 2 强调动作的承受者 例如 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的 The tree by that boy 填 was broken C 熟练转换 1 将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语 谓语动词变为 be 及物动词的过去分词 并通过 be 的变化来表 达出不同的时态 主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语 组成介词短语放在被动结构 中的谓语动词之后 有时 by 短语可以省略 2 被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前 否定句是 在第一个助动词后加 not 特殊疑问句的语序为 疑问词 一般疑 问句 例如 精品文档 9欢迎下载 You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery at once 同 义句 填 m ust be thrown away Where did they grow vegetables 改为被动语态 Where vegetables 填 were grown D 注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况 1 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时 有两种方法 将间接宾语变为主语 直接宾语保持不变 将直接宾语变为主语 间接宾语用介词 to 或 for 引导 例如 He told us a story 变被动语态 We were told a story by him 或 A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen 变被动语态 A new pen her by her mother 填 was given to 2 短语动词的被动语态 在变为被动语态时 要将短语动词视为一 个整体 其后的介词或副词不能省去 例如 This dictionary mustn t from the library A take away B taken away 精品文档 10欢迎下载 C are taken away D be taken away D She will take good care of the children 变被动语态 The children will by her 填 be taken good care of 3 含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时 通常将宾语变为被动句 的主语 而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语 注意 省略 to 的不定式 作宾补时 不定式符号 to 必须补上 例如 Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 变被动 He swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 填 was seen to 4 不定式的被动结构 动词不定式的被动语态为 to be 过去分 词 例如 The radio says a wild animal zoo is to in our city A be building B build C be built D built C 5 以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序 应将主动 精品文档 11欢迎下载 句中的疑问代词改为介词 by 的宾语 但仍然放在句子开头 例如 Who has broken the cup 改为被动语态 By whom has the cup been broken E 注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别 1 含义不同 被动语态强调动作 重点说明动作由谁完成 怎样完 成 而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景 叙述人或事物的特征及 所处的状态 试比较 The window is broken 窗子破了 系表结构 The window is broken by him 窗子被他打破了 被动语态 2 用法不同 过去分词作表语时可以被 so very too 等程度副 词修饰 而被动语态则不能用 so very too 修饰 而需用 much very much so much too much 修饰 试比较 He was very interested in science 他对科学有极大兴趣 系 表结构 I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊 不知所措 被动语态 F 牢记 相关 句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句