翻译 Jumbo squid

JumboJumbo squidsquid DosidicusDosidicus gigasgigas landingslandings inin thethe GulfGulf ofof CaliforniaCalifornia relatedrelated toto remotelyremotely sensedsensed SSTSST andand concentrationsconcentrations ofof chlorophyllchlorophyll a a 1998 1998 2012 2012 Carlos J Robinsona Jaime G mez Guti rrezb David Alberto Salas de Le na Show moreShow less doi 10 1016 j fishres 2012 09 006 AbstractAbstract The jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas supports an important fishery in the central region of the Gulf of California Mexico However in recent years landings of this species in the port of Guaymas Sonora has declined significantly We examined monthly landing records from January 1998 through March 2012 and related this record to monthly sea surface temperature SST and chlorophyll a from satellite imagery and coastal upwelling index CUI in the fishing area as proxies of inter annual changes in the epipelagic habitat Results indicate that jumbo squid catches were high between June 1999 and December 2004 328 903 t associated with an extended period of prevailing cold SSTs La Ni a 1999 and high chlorophyll a concentrations with intense CUI From January 2005 through March 2012 a progressive catches decrease landings were about 31 8 of previous captures 104 829 t Decline is associated with a progressively warmer habitat with less chlorophyll a and considerably lower CUI Six fishing surveys carried out into the central Gulf of California with jig sampling indicate that jumbo squid tend to be in regions with low SST and high chlorophyll a confirming its association with cold and productive areas 文摘 巨型乌贼来到中部地区的渔业墨西哥加州 海湾 然而 近年来 这一物种进入港口瓜伊 马斯 索诺拉 显著下降 我们检查每月记 录从 1998 年 1 月到 2012 年 3 月 有关这个 记录每月的海表面温度 SST 和叶绿素 从 卫星图像和沿岸上升流指标捕鱼区域 取 代年际上层的栖息地的变化 结果表明 巨 型乌贼捕获高 1999 年 6 月至 2004 年 12 月与一段时间的寒冷的太平洋和高叶绿素 浓度与强烈关系 从 2005 年 1 月到 2012 年 3 月 产量下降 降到先前捕获 104829 吨 的 31 8 左右 逐步衰落关系到一个温暖的 栖息地减少 叶绿素 很多 六个钓鱼调查 到中央加利福尼亚湾 夹具抽样表明 巨型 乌贼往往在较低的地区 有低海温和高叶 绿素 确认寒冷影响生产领域 KeywordsKeywords Dosidicus gigas Remote sensing Upwelling Gulf of California 关键字 牡蛎 遥感 上升流 加利福尼海湾 1 1 IntroductionIntroduction The ommastrephidae squid Dosidicus gigas jumbo squid Humboldt squid or calamar gigante in Spanish supports a large local fishery in the central Gulf of California Mexico This fishery operating since 1974 targets a fast growing short lived squid species with capacity to migrate vertically and horizontally and rapidly responding to changing environmental conditions Benoit Bird and Gilly 2012 Ehrhardt et al 1983 Markaida et al 2004 Markaida et al 2005 and Nigmatullin et al 2001 It is not surprising that like other squid fisheries landings of this species in Mexico show large year to year fluctuations Sakurai et al 2000 In the Gulf of California giant squid are captured in feeding grounds off Santa Rosalia Baja California Sur and Guaymas Sonora Its distribution has been related to seasonally alternate upwelling regions along both coasts of the gulf Markaida and Sosa Nishizaki 2001 where intense upwelling along the west coast of the mainland occurs from December through May and less intense upwelling occurs along the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula during the rest of the year Santamaria del Angel et al 1994 and Lluch Cota 2000 乌贼牡蛎支撑了大量当地渔业在加州海湾中部墨西哥 这种渔业 自 1974 年以来 快速增长 鱿鱼物种迁移 在垂直和水平上 以快速响应不断变化的环境条件 也就不足为奇了 像其他鱿鱼渔场 降落在墨西哥这个 物种显示 大同比波动 在加利福尼亚湾 巨型乌贼捕 获圣猩红热 南下加利福尼亚州和瓜伊马斯 索诺拉 其分布在季节交替的海岸墨西哥湾沿岸上升流区域 在沿着大陆西海岸发生强烈的上升流 从 12 月到 5 月 和少量的强烈上下涌 在加利福尼亚半岛的东海 岸 在今年的其他时间 The jumbo squid fishing fleet in Guaymas consists of 500 small open boats 7 m regionally known as pangas each operated by 2 or 3 fishermen and 50 modified shrimp trawlers 10 15 m operated by 10 15 fishermen Jumbo squid are fished by manual jigging during one night trips in small boats and four or five nights in modified shrimp trawlers This small boat fleet typically capture about 80 of the total catch landed at Guaymas Juan Pedro Vela Mexican Council for the giant squid for the State of Sonora pers comm Currently there is no stock assessment minimal management is applied to the fishery Governmental fishery management is based on fishing permit limits intending to maintain a relatively constant proportional escape of 40 of residual biomass remaining to spawn Morales Boj rquez et al 2001 There are no catch quotas or fishing season or minimum squid dorsal mantle length permitted for the catch This may reflect the inherent difficulties in managing a highly variable population and the difficulty of accurately predicting biomass of this squid using standard methods of stock assessment models Morales Boj rquez et al 2001 and Nev rez Mart nez et al 2006 An efficient fishery management plan for the fishery should include considerable knowledge about spatial seasonal distribution and abundance associated with regional oceanography and its intrinsic variability Rodhouse 2001 瓜伊马斯的巨型鱿鱼捕鱼船队有 500 只小型船只 每一个由 2 或 3 渔民 虾拖网渔船组成 巨型鱿鱼捕捞的人员劳动四个或五个晚上 修改虾拖网渔船 这小船舰队通常捕获量约 80 是落在瓜伊马斯的 目前 由于没有股票评估 应用于渔业的是小股票 政府渔业管理是基 于钓鱼许可证限制 想要维持一个逃脱残余的生物量的 40 剩余产卵 相对稳定比例 没有捕捞限额或禁止捕鱼季节或最小鱿鱼捕捞长度 反映了固有的困难来管理高度移动的人口 以及准确预测的生物群鱿 鱼股票评估模型 一个高效渔业渔业管理计划 应该包括相当多的知 识 了解鱼群 分布和丰富度 与区域海洋学的内在可变性 Jumbo squid inhabits the productive waters of the Eastern Pacific 45 S 45 N and are directly influenced by the climatic variability associated with ENSO Nigmatullin et al 2001 El Ni o 1997 98 off Peru severely reduced jumbo squid catches Taipe et al 2001 Waluda and Rodhouse 2006 and Waluda et al 2006 In the Gulf of California El Ni o 1997 98 had a similar impact on jumbo squid population structure and decrease in commercial catches Markaida 2006 Morales Boj rquez and Nev rez Mart nez 2010 and Morales Boj rquez et al 2001 These observations suggest that variability of squid catches may be predictable using a set of environmental variables such as sea surface temperature SST particularly related with recruitment strength and abundance Rodhouse 2001 and Waluda and Rodhouse 2006 However attempts to correlate squid distribution during and between El Ni o events and SST in the Gulf of California have yielded no conclusive results Nev rez Mart nez et al 2000 and Brito Castillo et al 2000 气候变化直接影响了在东太平洋的水域生产捕捞作业巨型 乌贼 1997 98 年的厄尔尼诺现象 从秘鲁开始 严重降低 巨型乌贼的捕获 加利福尼亚湾的 1997 98 年的厄尔尼诺 现象 对巨型鱿鱼数量结构有类似的影响 减少了商业捕获 量 这些观测结果表明 鱿鱼捕捞可能是可预测的 使用一组 环境变量 如海表面温度 SST 试图联系鱿鱼分布与厄尔尼 诺事件 加利福尼亚 没有确切的结果 可以参考 2 2 SummarySummary Compared with the high chlorophyll a concentrations observed immediately after La Ni a 1999 the jumbo squids fishing area off Guaymas region became progressively warmer and contained progressively smaller concentration of chlorophyll a which is a response of atmospheric changes that generate less intense coastal upwelling events and longer periods with downwelling events This negatively impacted the regional jumbo squid fishery which depends mainly on jumbo squid close to Guaymas Without another climatic event that boosts intense coastal upwelling that promotes high phytoplankton biomass jumbo squid catches will remain low in the range observed since 2005 Long periods with lo