文献翻译-声波清灰之一个合理的解决多种应用

外文文献翻译声波清灰:一个合理的解决多种应用BHA 私有国际有限责任公司在电站工业锅炉的炉膛和烟道内的各热交换器表上，均会出现积灰和结渣现象， 灰、渣的积结降低了锅炉的热效率，严重时还会影响到锅炉等设备的安全运行，对锅炉的利用率和使用寿命都有很大的影响在电除尘器极板极丝上收集的灰尘用机械振打锤的方式清除，由于机械振打着力点单一，能量衰减大，故障率高， 导致极板、极丝上的粉尘堆积严重，电场电压、电流下降，电场力衰减，驱动速度减慢，电除尘效率下降，粉尘排放浓度超标。在工业生产中广泛使用的布袋除尘器滤布表面的积灰，清除不尽将会严重影响除尘教率和环境保护。在工业生产中各类储灰斗、灰仓几乎都存在着下料不畅、堵料、灰斗架桥等现象。本文介绍的声波清灰技术，将是解决上述问题的一种有效、可靠、安全、经济的清灰方法。声波清灰技术 声波清灰技术的发展 早在二十世纪六十年代末，瑞典 STAL-LAVAL 公司成功地研制出利用声波清除锅 炉烟道内积灰的清灰技术，并很快推广应用于欧洲、美国和日本等发达国家的电站锅炉的除灰。到八十年代初，仅欧洲就有 500 多台锅炉安装了声波清灰装置， 并取得了良好的使用效果和社会效益。 声波清灰装置的结构与系统构成 声波清灰装置由声波发生器和使用声波发生器的能源系统构成。声波发生器由高强度钛合金膜片、膜片座、膜片腔盖及谐振管组成。声波发生器的能源系统由压缩空气源过滤器、减压阔、球阀、电磁阀及相应的管道组成。声波清灰器的清灰原理 声波清灰器装置是以压缩空气作为声波的能源，高强度的钛金属膜片在压气源作用下自激振荡，并在谐振腔内产生谐振，把压缩空气势能转换为低频声能，通过空气介质把声能传递到相应的积灰点，使声波对灰渣起到“声致疲劳”作用，片块状的灰料在声能作用下破裂的情况如下图所示。由于声波振荡的反复作用，施加于灰渣的挤压循环变化的载荷，达到一定的循环应力次数时，灰渣的结构困疲劳而破坏，然后困重力作用或由流体介质媒体将灰渣清除出附着体表面，达到清灰的目的，破裂后的灰料在声能作用下脱落的情况如下图所示。Artlicle 描述了一些不同的声学清洗系统和领域中,它们可以被用于水泥工厂。声学清洗系统,可显著提高清洁的空气污染控制设备、传热面、物料搬运和仓储设备,生产面积在颗粒组成。声学清洗系统,可显著提高清洁的空气污染控制设备、传热面、物料搬运和仓储设备,生产面积在颗粒组成。气动装置是声喇叭发出低频率高能源声波。这种声波均由压缩空气迅速进入声音发生器(驱动), 导致隔膜弯曲。压力是追平了比分,隔膜的影响,产生的基座,然后产生放大的声波。这种声波产生的声喇叭创造振动,挣开和驱赶材料表面沉积。振动都强大到足以土崩瓦解沉重的微粒,但又不足以损害设备的表面。一旦积灰已经断裂、重力和气体流量移除它。这个角色的频率和强度通常,较低的频率、更有效的去除角落的灰尘。然而,极低频声波会损伤构件和放松或裂纹焊接或螺栓连接。有些声学清洗单位(infrasonic 装置 )在低频范围会导致损伤。清灰器声喇叭在使用 75 年以上,并将损伤构件。BHA 发现频率低于 20 赫兹能降低伤害,所以我们所有设备生产音频远远高于角的频率,但足够低是有效的。它的主要部件发声体、声学耦合喇叭等所用的金属材料均为高合金奥氏体不锈耐热钢，其材料标准标称温度为 1100，在可能被磨损的关键部位，采用了当前先进的等离子表面喷涂钴基合金技术，使其耐磨性能大大提高。主要的正常维护就是周期性地清理空气过滤器滤芯和巡检日常工作，别无其他维护可做，方便可靠。分贝等级也关键绩效声。例如,从 120dB 到 140dB 仅是一种增加 17%的水平,但提供了分贝的声功率增加 10 倍。低频率的声音,高分贝是被证明是最有效的去除微粒,不损坏设备。BHA 是家庭的声学产品策划、测试生产清洁的力量,你需要适当的费用、低维护、效率高，我们发布的频率和强度等级合适的声波。证明应用锅炉管/换热器喇叭型清灰器可以用来补充或代替蒸汽锅炉吹灰器在工业生产和应用。吹烟风机可以减少或消除。清灰器也可去除换热器表面的颗粒。布袋过滤物元素有效的清洗过滤器能量将被创造的谐振频率,除去粉尘堆积的过滤器。为减少能量可以在清洗周期,在某些情况下无需使用其他方法的清理工作。除尘器组成特别是清灰器进口挡板清洗表面是无机械应力的,在某些情况下是如此有效。传统的清灰方式将减少或消除。选择性催化还原设备能量是一种可行的、有效的、比较便宜的方法清洁的晶闸管的催化剂。资料处理(料斗、通道、仓库、管道系统)。清灰器的设计,有许多不同的配置,允许他们被用于料斗、通道,垃圾桶,和管道系统。振动喇叭可以消除内壁各种积灰。安装选项BHA 的清灰器易于安装。大多数清灰器都能安装在合适的地方,如入口门,检查港口,或自己设计的小孔中。标准工厂空气可以用来驱动清灰器、仪器产品并不是必需的,所有的法兰、BHA 供应所需安装零件应通过双方的跳蚤,仓库,或任何需要清洗。喉咙法兰组件风俗是从 BHA 定位角容易接近任何位置。Mouth-flange 设备是用于屋顶的房子、沉降、管理提供了依据。应用问题在 2000 年,水泥公司,印度正经历安德拉邦上部框架,累积的电极和板上的静电除尘器水泥窑，管道系统被清洗。频繁的破碎的绝缘体也是一种多年生关心植物经理。由于缺乏清洁、更高的排放是一个主要的环境问题。另外,维护费用的饶舌系统过度成本。公司感兴趣的是应用在 Powerwave 声学角声喇叭里的 ESP 消除上述问题。解决清灰器 ESP-75 BHA 推荐安装振动喇叭在各自的领域中。这两个清灰器被安装在顶部的除尘器、指导下的振片和电极。结果经检验,两场声学吸尘器工厂人员认为是更有效的,然后在现有的清灰系统，效率的改善声振喇叭式安装。这种声波吹灰器可根据启动时省煤器进口烟气温度变化曲线调整运行时间和间隔周期，相对蒸汽吹灰装置，它随着受热面积灰的形成，到达一定程度即可启动运行。在操作过程中，技术人员通过监视低温过热器、低温再热器和省煤器的进出口温度变化，找出积灰的形成、增厚规律，然后根据此规律，及时启动声波吹灰器，可以有效地破坏积灰形成的条件，对其形成进行有效地阻扰。使用 Powerwave 振动喇叭消除积灰，客户将非常顺利,高兴地克服了上述问题。 外文文献原文Powerwave acoustic cleaning: a sound solution in a multitude of applications BHA GROUP INTERNATIONAL PVT LTDLohia & Jain Business Center,Friend is Psrk Co-op. Society, S.B. Road, Shivajinagar, Pune411 053In the industrial boiler flue chamber and the heat exchanger in the table, will appear with ash slagging, ash and slag phenomenon of reduces the boiler efficiency, serious when still can affect the safe operation of the boiler equipment, to the boiler efficiency and service life has great influence on electrical precipitator plate on the dust collected a wire with mechanical vibrating hammer, because the way mechanical vibrating point, single, energy attenuation rate high, resulting in a plate, the accumulation of dust, electric current and voltage, electric power, drive, esp slowed down, the efficiency of dust emission chroma. Widely used in industrial production of the filter cloth bag dust extractions of sulphuric acid, remove surface endless will seriously affect dedusting teach rate and environmental protection. In the industrial production of all kinds of storage, ash has existed almost ash bin baiting, plugging material, ash hopper Bridges wait for a phenomenon.The paper introduces the technology and sound will solve the above problem is a kind of efficient, reliable, safe and economical method of dust.The sound development of technologyEarly in the late 1960s, the Swedish STAL - LAVAL company successfully developed acoustic remove panFurnace flue dust deposited in the technology, and soon popularized to Europe, America and Japan and other developed countries of boiler of ash. Until the early 1980s, Europe has more than 500 boilers installed a sound, and obtained the ash devices use effect and social benefits.The sound of the device structure and system structureSound waves generator and grey device by using acoustic generator system. The energy, Acoustic generator is made of high-strength titanium diaphragm, diaphragm and diaphragm cover and the resonant cavity pipe. Acoustic generator energy systems by compressed air source filter, decompression, ball valves, solenoid valve and the corresponding pipe.Sound principles of soot-blowerThe device is sound waves of compressed air as the energy, high intensity of titanium in air pressure under the diaphragm of self-excited oscillation, and within a resonant cavity, compressed air potential resonance frequency conversion to the media, through the air doubled doubled to corresponding formation of ash, make sound play acoustic fatigue function, the ash in massive under the circumstance rupture doubled as shown below.Because acoustic oscillations repeatedly, imposed on the changes of ash, extrusion cycle load stress reaches a certain number of structure, ash and fatigue damage, then trapped trapped gravity or by fluid media will ash removal, the attachment to the surface of the objective, the ash fall in under the circumstance doubled as shown below.This artlicle describes some of the various acoustic cleaning systems and the areas in which they can be used in a cement plant. Acoustic cleaning systems can significantly improve the cleaning of air pollution control equipment, heat transfer surfaces, material handling and storage equipment, and areas of production where particulate buildup occurs.Acoustic cleaning systems can significantly improve the cleaning of air pollution control equipment, heat transfer surfaces, material handling and storage equipment, and areas of production where particulate buildup occurs.Acoustic horns are air-operated devices that emit low frequency high energy sound waves. The sound waves are produced by compressed air rapidly entering the sound generator(driver), causing the diaphragm to flex. As the pressure is equalised, the diaphragm impacts the pedestal, generating a sound wave that is then amplified by the horn bell.The sound waves generated by an acoustic horn create vibrations that break apart and dislodge material deposits from the surfaces. The vibrations are powerful enough to break apart heavy concentrations of particulate, but gentle enough to not harm the surface. Once the material has been dislodged, gravity and gas flow remove it.The Role of Frequency and IntensityTypically, the lower the frequency, the more effective a horn will be at dislodging dust. However, extremely low-frequency sound waves can damage structural members and loosen or crack welded or bolted connections. Some acoustic cleaning units(infrasonic devices)operate in the low-frequency range that can cause structural damage.Powerwave acoustic horns operate at 75 hertz or above, and will not damage structural components. BHA has found that frequencies lower than 20 hertz can harm equipment, so all our horns produce sonic pulses well above that frequency, but low enough to be effective. Decibel levels are also critical to good acoustic performance. For example, increasing from 120dB to 140dB is only a 17 percent increase in decibel level, but provides a 10-fold increase in acoustic power. Low frequency, high decibel sound is proven to be the most effective at removing particulate, without damaging equipment. BHA is family of acoustic products is engineered and tested to produce the cleaning power you need, with moderate cost, low maintenance, and high efficiency. We publish the frequency and intensity ratings of our horns, so you know what you are getting.Proven ApplicationsBoiler Tubes/Heat ExchangersPowerwave acoustic horns can be used to supplement or replace steam sootblowers in industrial or utility boilers. Opacity spikes associated with soot blowers can be reduced or eliminated. Powerwave horns also remove particulate from rotary or tubular heat exchanger surfaces.Baghouse Fabric Filters/ElementsAcoustic energy will effectively clean filters by creating a resonant frequency, dislodging dust accumulations from the filters. Acoustic energy allows for a reduction in cleaning cycles, and in some cases eliminates the need to use any other method of cleaning.Precipitator ComponentsPowerwave horns clean ESP inlet baffles and collecting surfaces without causing mechanical stress, and in some cases are so effective that conventional rapping may be reduced or eliminated.Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) EquipmentAcoustic energy is a viable, effective,and comparatively inexpensive method for cleaning SCR catalyst.Material Handling (Hoppers, Fans, Silos, Ductwork)Powerwave horns are designed in many different configurations that allow them to be used in hoppers, ID fans, bins, and ductwork. Acoustic horns can eliminate the need for sledgehammering, rodding out hopper poker holes, or dangerous work like unclogging ash vessels.Installation Options BHA is powerwave horns are easy to install. Most horns are designed to fit inside existing openings, such as access doors, inspection ports, or poke holes. Standard plant air can be used to drive the horns; instrument quality air is not required.BHA supplies all the flanges and penetrations needed to install horns through the sides of hoppers, bins, or any vessel requiring cleaning.Horns can be chain-hung inside baghouses or vessels, although most operators prefer to have easier on-line access to the drivers.Custom throat flange kits from BHA make positioning horns easy in nearly any location.Mouth-flange mountings are used for roofs of bag houses, precipitators, or silos.APPLICATIONSProblemIn the year 2000, a cement company in Andhra Pradesh, India was experiencing build-up on the upper frames, electrodes and plates of their electrostatic precipitator on cement kiln. The tumbling hammer