文献翻译-新世纪的机电一体化技术的发展

外文资料翻译The new century development of mechatronics technology Mechatronics by the Mechanics and electronics made together, which means the integration of traditional mechanical products, electronic and information technology. This paper describes the definition of mechatronics and discusses its network, intelligence, miniaturization and the development of green technology. Mechatronics concept and its extension Mechatronics is the concept of electronic and information technology products to penetrate the traditional mechanical process put forward, which originated in Japan. March 1971 issued by the Japanese government specific electronics and machinery industry revitalization of specific interim measures law, said: Special attention should be equipped for the mechanical computer and other electronic devices to achieve automation and machine control products other functions. In the same year, Japanese scholars have created a new English term Mechatronics, it is by the Mechanics (mechanics) and Electronics (electronics) composite made of two words depicting half, the Chinese, literally translated as mechatronics, but people in order to reflect its Electromechanical integration of nature and commonly known as mechatronics. In 1981, the revitalization of the Japanese machine mechatronics concept will make the following explanation: The term mechatronics is the main function in the mechanical, dynamic features, information and control functions on the introduction of electronic technology and mechanical devices and electronic devices and software combination of the general term for organic systems. Not only clarifies the interpretation of the nature of mechatronics is the integration of multidisciplinary, and emphasis on information technology to promote the development of mechatronics products play a crucial role. Based on the above explanation, mechatronics product typically includes the following three main sections. Mechanical parts: it is the use of mechanical and electrical integration products to achieve its function matrix, it could be left without a tree, so precision machinery manufacturing technology is still based on mechatronics technology. A typical mechatronic products such as CNC machine tools, if the left the structure optimization, manufacturing precision machine tool spindle system, feeding system and basic mechanical parts such as bearing large, even the best CNC and servo system can not do anything. Information processing part: This part of the main tasks of the program instructions to external input or (and) coming from multiple sensors and digital signal processing operations, and then output control commands to control all servo and other implementing agencies to complete the required action. This task is currently dominated by micro-computer (including dedicated computer systems) and related software to complete, is the most dynamic mechatronic product parts. Sensor measurement components: the actual condition and the changes in the environment must be perceived by sensor, this part of the mechatronic products like the senses. First, the sensor can be sensitive to feelings of being accurate measurements and conversion to electrical signals. Is currently re-address the issue of intelligent sensors, focusing on the perception of the analog sensor signal into a standard local digital signal, and on the spot to complete the basic judgments and reasoning. By the mechanical parts (including air pressure, hydraulic components), electronics and electrical hardware (including optical components) and software products consisting of mechanical and electrical integration, is based on the principle of global optimization, system analysis and system integration through the new system formed, its functionality and performance must be better than the original qualitative leap in mechanical products. Such as mechanical and electrical integration products, machine tools, has opened a new era of flexible automation process, changes in the processing object just to change the processing order, but also high-speed, precision machining complex surface, its function and performance is hard to traditional general machine tools to be compared. Design of mechatronic products, pay attention to the mutual replacement of machinery and electronic and the organic integration of technology such as servo drives is often used to replace the gear, cam and crank transmission. And the tendency now to replace the hardware functions with software functions make the control more flexible and practical needs of working conditions. With the development of science and technology, mechatronics has extended the concept of the meaning of applicable Circuit has similarly expanded. This extension and expansion of the United States can borrow Electrical and Electronics Engineers / American Society of Mechanical Engineers in March 1996 issue of mechatronics magazine in reference to the editor to express: In this special issue, we have the mechanical and electrical integration of the initial definition, the industrial product and process design and manufacturing, mechanical engineering and electronic and intelligent computer collaborative integrated. Clearly, this definition has the application of mechanical and electrical integration around the two extensions: one that applies to the object is no longer limited to traditional mechanical products; second is an extension of the field of application, from products to the manufacturing and process control areas. Mechatronics development of several major The 21st century, the development of mechatronics tendencies, I believe that the most important are: the network, intelligence, miniaturization, green, slightly below of this. Network The late 20th century, the rapid development of network technology has brought great changes to the world, also to a significant impact on mechanical and electrical integration technologies, such as through the network for remote control of mechatronic devices. Many types of mechatronic products, network-oriented approach there are differences, are still an example to illustrate CNC machine tools. Modern CNC machine tools for the loading of many CNC systems with Ethernet interface, can be directly connected to the internal LAN, to achieve the integration of the manufacturing process, of course, but also through the companys backbone for further communication networks and enterprise-class manufacturing environment, ERP, etc. system integration. On this basis, then the Internet can be achieved through inter-firm networking has. In addition, PC-based CNC system to connect the modem and communications software, but also through the Internet for remote diagnosis.Intelligent In recent years, the rapid increase processor speed and the high performance computer for embedded intelligent control algorithm (expert system, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and hybrid technology, etc.) to create the conditions, coupled with the sensor system integrated and intelligent, a strong impetus to the intelligent direction of mechatronic product development, to determine with some degree of reasoning, logical thinking and autonomous decision-making capacity. This limited space, only with todays most impressive product of Intelligent Mechatronics intelligent robots. Intelligent robot can obtain, process and identify a variety of signals, independent operations to complete the task more complex than the average industrial robot has more flexibility, mobility and more extensive use. In this century, has as one of the limbs, dexterous hands, binocular vision, force and tactile sensing capabilities of humanoid robots will be developed out. Miniaturization Past more than ten years, the micro-mechatronic systems (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, or MEMS) technology as a new cutting-edge mechatronics branch and highly valued. Micro-mechatronic systems, also known as micro-machinery, the geometric size of not more than 1cm3, and forward-micron, nanometer-level direction. A high degree of integration of MEMS micro-mechanical technology, microelectronics and software technology, the development of micro-mechanical difficulty is not simply a mechanical large scale down, because of its micro-structure has, in the material, institutional design, friction characteristics, processing methods, testing and positioning, driving mode and so have created some special problems. As the small size of micro-mechatronic systems, energy consumption, can not enter into the general machinery space, and easy to carry out sophisticated operations, so in the biomedical, aerospace, information technology, industrial and agricultural areas as well as national defense, there is broad application. Although technically there are still some difficulties, but is expected to make major technological breakthrough is not far off. The current focus on the development of micro-mechatronic systems are: specific integrated micro-devices, micro inertial instruments, micro-robots, and small, micro and nano satellites. Green Protecting the environment is the 21st century demands of the times, green nature is the most effective use of resources and to generate a minimum of waste. Mechatronics green products, which means low energy, low material consumption, does not harm human health, environmental pollution or clean, comfortable and convenient operation and post-recyclable waste, which is obviously related to the design, manufacture, use up waste disposal of the whole process. To achieve green, starting from the design must consider the whole process of product life cycle environmental attributes, such as in the design should consider the product disassembling and recycling and so on. Mechatronic products in the 21st century need to green, and mechatronics products are also beneficial to the promotion of green. Such as the green of the car has become a hot spot of global concern, related to strict environmental regulations, while the car mechatronic technology, that is computer-centered control system to replace the purely mechanical control components (such as engine and transmission and moving electronic control system, etc.), then not only can reduce energy consumption and reduce automotive exhaust pollution, but also contribute to motor cars and reliability,新世纪的机电一体化技术的发展 由“力学 ”和机电一体化技术“电子”作出在一起，这意味着传统的，机械产品的集成电子和信息技术。本文介绍了机电一体化的定义，并讨论其网络化，智能化，小型化和绿色技术的发展。机电一体化的概念及其扩展 机电一体化是电子和信息技术产品渗透到传统的机械加工提出，这起源于日本的概念。 1971 年 3 月由日本政府“特定电子和机械行业的具体振兴临时措施法发出”说：“ 应特别注意对机械计算机及其他电子设备的配备，实现自动化和机械控制产品的其他功能。 ”在同年，日本学者创造了一个新的英文词机电一体化，它是由力学（力学）与电子（电子）两个词描绘了一半复合材料，用中文，直译为“机电一体化”，但人们以反映其性质和机电一体化俗称“机电一体化” 之称。 1981 年，日本机械振兴机电一体化的概念将作出以下解释：“这个词机电一体化的主要功能是在机械，动力特性，信息和控制功能的电子技术和机械设备，电子设备和软件介绍有机结合的系统的总称。 “不仅明确了机电一体化性质的解释是多学科集成，信息技术为重点，促进机电产品发展发挥了重要作用。 根据上述解释，机电一体化产品通常包括以下三个主要部分。 机械零件：它是机电一体化产品的使用实现其功能矩阵，它可以在没有树，精密机械制造技术仍是机电一体化技术为基础。一个典型的机电一体化数控机床等产品，如果离开了结构优化，制造精密机床主轴系统，进给系统和轴承等大，即使是最好的数控及伺服系统不能做任何基本的机械零件。 信息处理部分：该方案的主要任务指示部分外部输入或（和）来自多个传感器和数字信号处理操作，然后输出控制命令来控制伺服系统和所有其他执行机构来完成所需的行动。这个任务是目前主要由微型计算机（包括专用的计算机系统）和相关软件来完成，是最有活力的部分机电产品。 传感器测量部分：实际条件和环境的变化，必须被认为由传感器，这种像“感官的机电一体化产品的一部分。 ”首先，传感器可以灵敏地被精确的测量和转换成电信号的感情。目前正在重新处理智能传感器的问题，对模拟传感器信号感知集中到一个地方标准的数字信号，并在现场完成的基本判断和推理。 由机械零件（包括气压，液压元件） ，电子及电器制品（包括光学组件）和软件产品的机械和机电一体化组成，是基于全局优化，系统分析和系统集成的原则，通过新的制度组成，其功能和性能必须比原来的机械产品质的飞跃更好。作为机械和机电一体化产品，机械工具，例如，开辟了灵活的自动化进程的新时代，在加工修改的目标只是为了改变处理顺序，而且高速，精密加工复杂曲面，其功能和性能是很难传统的普通机床进行比较。机电一体化产品的设计，注重机械和电子技术的有机结合，如伺服驱动器的相互替代通常用来代替齿轮，凸轮和曲轴的传输。现在的倾向，以取代与软件功能的硬件功能使控制更加灵活的工作条件和实际需要。 随着科学技术的发展，扩大了机电一体化的概念，适用的电路的意义也相应扩大。这种延伸和扩展美国可以借电气及电子工程师学会/美国机械工程师协会在 1996 年 3 月“机电一体化杂志的编辑在提到”问题表示：“在这个特殊的问题，我们有机械和机电一体化最初的定义，工业产品和工艺设计与制造，机械工程，电子和计算机智能协同集成。 “显然，这个定义有机械和电气围绕两个扩展集成应用：1，适用于对对象是没有不再局限于传统的机械产品，二是对应用领域延伸，从产品的制造和过程控制领域。 机电一体化发展的几个主要 21 世纪，机电一体化趋势的