中英文文献翻译-可编程控制技术在船用锅炉控制系统中的应用

The application of PLC technique in the control of marine boilersProgrammable foreword controller, Is called PC or PLC, It appears causes the control domain faced with a technical transformation Take the relay as the foundation engine room control device structure complex, the component are many, The reliability is bad, The breakdown sometimes occurs The current our country ships use the import complete set control device, Its function consummates, The reliability is also high, But the price is expensive Number year ago, I use import PLC am the controller, Own design the hardware, Establishment control procedure, Develops successfully the PC-GC programmable boiler combustion control installment, Substitutes for the English HAMWORTHY Corporation product In the near future the similar product will compare with this company, Performance quite, The price only is its 12.513.4 year, Altogether has PC-GC to install 12 sets in Dazing 414 and so on 6 Strip oil tanker solid ship use, Experiences the South China Sea storm and the nearly 70 high temperature adverse circumstance tests, Moves good, Does not have a breakdown The experience indicated, Introduces the minority essential component, According to concrete control system request, Designs the appropriate software and the necessary hardware, Is the ships technological transformations and the equipment disposition good means1 system compositionThe system is composed by below several parts: Programmable foreword controller PC; Power source PS; Examination unit Cooperation unit OB; Actuation unit M; Display monitor IB; Auxiliary relay unit JB; Line bank L, Like chart 1 shows The first six parts are the control device basic composition This installment additionally builds auxiliary relay unit JB including four 8 ports intermediate relay J1, J2, J3 and J4 and 12 ports light controls relay JGC. When the controller output must actuate the high-power load, Needs to carry on the voltage or the power conversion through the intermediate relay The intermediate relay besides completes the host which it undertakes to control the function, Also provides many vice- auxiliary ports, May use for the interconnection related equipment or put through the condition indicating lamp, Does this may save the host to control the unit the hardware resources After establishment line bank, The power source, the PC board, examine the component, carries out the component, operates the button, the display lamp and so on the complete contact all links to the line bank plug in, This for the equipment setup, the service and the search breakdown has provided the convenience System each part of compositions and connection。2 Systems controls request2.1 Burning management control(1) Fuel oil choice The fuel may choose the heavy oil or the light oil If choice heavy oil, The oil temperature must in 80 above, The side can carry on burning The oil temperature is lower than 80 ,Then blowing-out, And the start heats up the installment to heat up to the heavy oil(2) Combustion control According to the start, front sweeps the gas, the ignition, opens the #1 spray hole, opens the #2 spray hole the order to start boiler burning; After closes the #2 spray hole, closes the order blowing-out which the #1 spray hole, sweeps was mad(3) Steam pressure intermittent control According to boiler steam pressure p AND gate limiting value p1 (0.7MPa, p2 (approximately 0.6MPa) controls two spray holes approximately) the work When pp1,#1, the #2 spray hole closes; When p1pp2,The #1 spray hole alone works; When p2p,#1, the #2 spray hole opens。(4) Boiler water monitor the boiler water level uses the pair of position control mode, which knew very well, Therefore, does not give relates in detail2.2 Interconnection protections(1) Steam overpressure interconnection The steam pressure arrives reports to the police threshold value p0 (approximately time 0.72MPa), Sends out the steam overpressure the warning, Blowing-out, And shuts off the load power source, Stops to all executions component power supply(2) The boiler water level reports to the police The establishment high reports to the police the water level and the lowest danger warning water level When controls malfunctions, The water level surpasses reports to the police the water level, Then sends out the high water mark to report to the police, And shuts off the feed pump electric motor power source When the water level is lower than the danger warning water level, Then sends out the low water level to report to the police, Boiler blowing-out。(3) The emergency blowing-out protects When the collection controls Taiwan to have the blowing-out to order, Then sends out the emergency blowing-out the warning, Boiler blowing-out(4)Heavy oil temperature control interconnection When choice heavy oil, The oil temperature is higher than 80 procedures to be able to move The oil temperature lowly is lower than this value, Sends out the warning, Boiler blowing-out(5) Flame surveillance unusual interconnection When appears the ignition defeat, the midway flameout or the burning condition worsening, Sends out the flame surveillance to be unusual the warning, Boiler blowing-out(6) Manual, automatic operation interconnection only when cuts the switch to set manually (is automatic) the position, only then allows carries on manually (is automatic) all operations(7) The #1 spray hole does not work, Or the air throttle has not started in a big way, The #2 spray hole does not work and so on3 Hardware designsThe hardware design mainly revolves the system the reliability and the consummation its function two goal carries on3.1 PC shapingThe programmable foreword controller uses, the excellent craft manufacture advanced, its reliability is the general labor controls the microcomputer 46 to double, Therefore should stress from the control function angle chooses PC. Regarding the single plane, the medium scale, use in guaranteeing the boiler safe operation the automatic control system, To conserves energy the goal to be possible not to consider, Therefore does not need the PID control function Such system by condition control, sequential control primarily, By the switch quantity logic operation, the time, counts is in the majority, To aspect the and so on component running rate performance does not have the special request, Therefore may act according to the procedure to need the capacity (IO port number and memory size) makes the PC shaping The storage capacity (procedure step) may) * (IO) make the estimate according to empirical formula Q=610,If the user program is not big, Saves The accumulator capacity demand is easy to satisfy This system altogether must input the port, output port each 14 (if increase boiler water monitor function, Must again increase the input, output port each 4),Therefore uses Mitsubishi Corporation F1-30MR or F1-40MR is the controllerF1-30MR is the subminiature programmable foreword controller, Its input, outputs the port with PC machine to assemble in together, Does not need to choose the IO module againF1 series PC does not have breakdown time interval MTBF is 300,000 hours, The mutable (0+55 ,Work;-15 +65 ,Stock),Bears the vibration, the impact (conforms to JISC0911, the C0912 standard),Adopts the power source protection, the supply voltage surveillance, the instantaneous power cut compensates, measure and so on anti- level disturbance, The reliability and the ant jamming ability are very high It also has makes a mistake from the diagnosis ability, Including circular telegram diagnosis, procedure monitoring device (Watchdog) and EOL, May guarantee the correspondence and the procedure execution accuracyF1-30MR has input port 16,Outputs port 14,Can satisfy the procedure exactly the need When the expansion procedure functional need increases the IO port, May through affix the expansion list3.2 Power sources protections and ant jammingAlthough PC has the good power source adaptive ness, Also should take the measure from the electrical power system, Reduces in the installment power supply as far as possible the disturbance, the undulation, owes presses, the instantaneous high pressure to the system the influence Therefore, Uses in the electrical power system Separation power source power supply, insulating transformer and power failure protector PC machine, the input circuit and the output circuit by separate the power source, through the insulating transformer power supply Insulating transformer shield level good earth, The secondary output uses the twisted pair line These measures regarding suppress in the electrical network and mix in the input output circuit the disturbance to cause the procedure disoperation to have the good effect The insulating transformer uses the high quality high magnetic-flux density not to have cuts the circular cross-section core, Loses slightly, Enable the equipment anti- voltage undulation the ability to obtain the enhancement Front end the output circuit power source has also established the emergency power failure switch, When has the emergency case, May the dump, Protection system security3.3 IO allocation and exterior circuit designControl system by PC machine and input and output circuit connection constitution, Each part independently supplies power by electrical network PS, Sees chart 1.The input circuit divides the examination input circuit and the operation input circuit two kinds: The examination input circuit receives the light to control the light which the tube and the sensor controls to control the switch and magnetic contactor G, Si (i=1,2,) And PC input port connection, PotThe stove condition information feedback gives PC. Operation input circuit button, change-over switch and so on and PC input port connection, To PC transfer operation order In the control system movement fixed time and the steam pressure, the temperature and so on the entire definite value reads in PC by the programming, Therefore supposes the parameter installation electric circuit not in addition The output circuit including actuates the electric circuit and the display circuit two kinds: Actuates the electric circuit to transmit the PC port the output, Actuates to carry out the component magnet coil, the relay, Or actuates the air blower, the feed pump electrical machinery, to put through the heavy oil heater and so on The display circuit passes display monitor IB the light, Indicating device operation, equipment condition, Simulates the automatic control the flow, Sends out the breakdown warning4 PLC technologies in ships engine room automation application prospectThe industrial automation has experienced from the black-white control system controls the microcomputer system to the labor the developing process appearance, Because It has the well known a series of merits, Enable it to obtain the rapid developmental present technical representative PLC current control domain advanced level, PLC has become the automated system the basic installment Facing PLC technology impact, To ships engine room automation, Acceleration take PLC technology as central technological transformations step, Imperative The author thought that, The engine room automation should exert oneself in: Large-scale installment to small development; The single plane (网络化) develops to the system; From is unitary or the partial function develops to the synthesis function and the intelligent control direction The PLC component miniaturization, the micro miniaturization are now the technological development tendency, Between the small PLC function and the large-scale PLC disparity is reducing, Programming skill maturity, Has provided the material base and the technology base for this Make the check analysis by the English HAMWORTHY Corporations boiler control system and PC-GC: Its controller uses the US Texas Instruments company PM550,It uses 16 microprocessors, Has the counter and timer each 99,The biggest switch measures IO port 512,PID control loop 8 (the system causes With IO port 32,PID return route 4).With PC-GC comparison, Two has the big disparity in the installment capacity and the operation function In systems control function disparity main reflection in parameter continuously adjustment, In other control function disparity does not calculate too in a big way, Its has software and hardware from diagnosis function, Like procedure monitoring device (Watchdog),Summation examination (Sum Check) and flow simulation display panel (Mimic Diagram) and so on, PC-GC also basically has Moreover installment miniaturization, Is advantageous in adapts the multipurpose ability, Also is advantageous to the realization standardization, Further reduces the cost (the PC-GC standardized degree is 94.8%,Standardized coefficient 75.7%,Standard part coefficient 19.1%).Obviously, The engine room equipment various single planes control system function sum total is lower than its organic combination Establishes an engine room equipment always Body control system, Is more advantageous to the display ships dynamic system function, Has developed mature today in the computer network, Is does not have the question The control system networking selects on the position connection method to be good On the position machine uses the computer to join the multi- Taiwan PLC control system Through computer management each PLC system work, And to collects the massive information carries on analysis processing toxin in control system networking foundation, May more display the PLC system the function, Besides completes the control function, Also may develop the dynamic system the breakdown diagnosis, Function and artificial intelligence system and so on engine room management。可编程控制技术在船用锅炉控制系统中的应用可编程序控制器,简称 PC 或 PLC,其出现使控制领域面临一场技术变革.以继电器为基础的机舱控制设备结构复杂、器件多,可靠性差,故障时有发生.当前我国船舶多采用进口成套控制设备,其功能较完善,可靠性亦高,但价格昂贵.数年前,我所采用进口 PLC 为控制器 ,自己设计硬件,编制控制程序,研制成功 PC-GC 型可编程锅炉燃烧控制装置,取代英国 HAMWORTHY 公司产品.与该公司近期同类产品比较,性能相当,价格仅为其 12.513.4 年来,共有 PC-GC 装置 12 套在大庆 414等 6 条油船实船使用,经历南海风浪和近 70高温的 恶劣环境考验,运行良好,无一故障.经验表明,引进少数关键器件,根据具体控制系统要求,设计合适的软件和配套硬件,是船舶技术改造和装备配置的较好办法.1 系统组成系统由以下几部分组成:可编程序控制器 PC;电源 PS;检测单元 S;操作单元OB;驱动单 元 M;显示屏 IB;辅助继电器组 JB;接线排 L,如图 1 所示.前六部分是控制装置的基本组成.本装置增设的辅助继电器组 JB 包括四个 8 端口的中间继电器 J1、J2、J3 和 J4 和一个 12 端口的光控继电器 JGC.当控制器的输出须驱动大功率负载时,需要通过中间继电器进行电压或功率转换.中间继电器除完成其承担的主控功能外,还提供多副辅助端口,可用来联锁有关设备或接通状态指示灯,这样做可以节省主控单元的硬件资源.设置接线排 L 以后,将电源、 PC 板、 检测器件、执行器件、操作按钮、显示灯等的全部接点都连到接 线排插座内,这为设备安装、维修和查找故障提供了方便.系统各部分的组成和连接2 系统控制要求2.1 燃烧管理控制(1) 燃油 选择.燃料可选择重油或轻油.若选择重油,油温须在 80以上,方能进行燃烧.油温低于 80,则 停炉,并启动加温装置对 重油加热.(2) 燃烧控制 .按启动、前扫气、点火、开启 #1 喷油器、开启#2 喷油器的次序启动锅炉燃烧;按关闭#2 喷油器、关 闭#1 喷油器、后扫气的次序停炉.(3) 蒸汽压力断 续控制.根据锅炉蒸汽压力 p 与门限值 p1(约 0.7MPa)、p2(约0.6MPa)控制两个喷油器的工作.当 pp1,#1、#2 喷油器均关闭; 当 p1pp2,#1 喷油器单独工作;当 p2p,#1、#2 喷油器均开启.(4) 锅炉水位控制 .锅炉水位采用熟知的双位控制方式,故不予详述.2.2 联锁保护(1) 蒸汽超压联锁.蒸汽压力到达报警门限值 p0(约 0.72MPa 时),发出“蒸汽超压”警报,停炉 ,并且切断 负载电源,停止向所有执行器件供电.(2) 锅炉水位报警.设置最高报警水位和最低危险警戒水位.当控制失灵,水位超过报警水位,则发出高水位报警,并切断给水泵电动机电源.当水位低于危险警戒水位,则发出低水位报警,锅炉停炉.(3) 应急停炉保 护.当集控台有停炉命令,则发出“ 应急停炉” 警报,锅炉停炉.(4) 重油温控制联锁.选择重油时,油温高于 80程序才能运行.油温低低于此值,发出警报,锅炉停炉.(5) 火焰监视异常联锁.当出现点火失败、中途熄火或燃烧状况恶化时,发出“火焰监视异常 ”警报,锅炉停炉 .(6) 手动、自动操作联锁.仅当切换开关置“手动”(“自动”)位置时,才准许进行手动( 自 动) 的一切操作 .(7) #1 喷油器不工作 ,或风门未开大,#2 喷油器不工作等.3 硬件设计硬件设计主要围绕系统的可靠性和完善其功能两个目标进行.3.1 PC 选型可编程序控制器采用先进、精良工艺制造,其可靠性是一般工控微机的 46倍,故应侧重从控制功能角度选择 PC.对于单机、中等规模、用于保证锅炉安全运行的自控系统,对节能目标可不考虑,故不需要 PID 控制功能.这样的系统以条件控制、顺 序控制为主,以开关量的逻辑运算、 计时、计 数居多,对器件运行速度等方面的性能无特殊要求,因此可根据程序所需容量(IO 端口数及存储器大小)作 PC选型.存储器容量(程序步)可按经验公式 Q=610)(IO)作估计,若用户程序不大,存储器容量需求容易满足.本系统共需输入端口、输出端口各 14 个(若增加锅炉水位控制功能,需再增加输入、输出端口各 4 个),故采用三菱公司 F1-30MR 或 F1-40MR 为控制器 .F1-30MR 是超小型可编程序控制器,其输入、输出端口已与 PC机组装在一起,无需再选择 IO 模块.F1 系列 PC 无故障间隔时间 MTBF 为 30 万小时,耐高温(0+55 ,工作;-15 +65,库存),耐振 动、冲击(符合JISC0911、C0912 标准),采取电源保护、电源电压监视 、瞬时停电