Reading-Skills阅读技巧

Reading Skills Increasing Word Power 扩大词汇量扩大词汇量 Words are the bricks to build up any language How can we increase our word power 1 Read Extensively 2 Listen and Note 3 Etymology 4 Check Unfamiliar Words 5 Solve Crosswords 6 Use the Words You Learn Preventing Regression 避免回视避免回视 Regression means rereading a word phrase or sentence out of habit and not because of need Sometimes it is necessary to reread something especially in a difficult passage But habitual unnecessary regression really slows you down To reduce the number of times that the eyes skip back to a previous sentence run a pointer along the line as you read This could be a finger or a pen or pencil Your eyes will follow the tip of your pointer smoothing the flow of speed reading The speed at which you read using this method will largely depend on the speed at which you move the pointer You can also use a card or paper to cover the text after you read it to prevent regression This will train your eyes to look forward and eventually you won t need the guide to focus your vision Avoiding Vocalization and Inner Speech 避免出声阅读避免出声阅读 Put a finger over your lips or on your vocal cords Broadening Eye Span 扩大视幅扩大视幅 Reading is composed of a series of fixations 注视 which the eye makes while viewing a printed line During these fixation pauses the material viewed is translated into meanings by the brain A good reader will make three to four fixations for ordinary line of print the poor reader eight to twelve or more To reduce fixations take several words or chunk words together in parentheses Practice seeing more than one word at a time and increase the amount of words in parentheses each time you practice With time you may be able to read an entire line of text in one fixation Reading in Thought Groups 按意群读按意群读 While making constant efforts to improve your reading comprehension you should try consciously to increase your reading speed And to read in thought groups is an easy yet effective way of picking up speed and fluency It means when you read try not to think of a sentence as a string of single words Instead think of it as several thought groups In other words try to move your eyes group by group not from word to word In this way you will read faster However there are no solid rules for dividing longer sentences into thought groups It really depends on the idea that you are trying to convey Taking notes 做笔记做笔记 Taking notes during your reading at the recall stage keeps you active and concentrating Besides they provide a written record for revision The content should include 1 The author s main ideas and any important details 2 The logical structure of his her argument 3 Any important references he she mentions Basic Reading Process 基本阅读步骤基本阅读步骤 It is preferable to read a passage at least twice the first time to get the main idea of the passage and then a second time to focus on the important details Sometimes a third time is necessary to check the difficult points Follow the basic reading method and answer the questions respectively when you finish reading any materials t each time Most people wish they read more It is an activity that is both fun and enlightening It can help us be more knowledgeable and successful However it is an activity that many people don t engage in very much The following are ten suggestions to help strengthen your reading habit ways to find and make more time for reading 1 Always have a book around 2 Set a reading goal 3 Keep a log 4 Keep a reading list 5 Turn off the television 6 Listen when you can t read 7 Join a reading group or book club 8 Visit the library or bookstore often 9 Build your own strategy 10 Drop Everything and Read Skimming 2 Look at the illustrations 3 Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph 4 Take in key words 5 Think about the meaning of the text Scanning Aim To look for specific information in a text Some hints and tips for better scanning 1 Don t try to read every word 2 Use clues on the page such as headings and titles 3 Use the header words to help you 4 Think up or write down some questions 5 Many texts use A Z order 6 There are many ways to practice scanning skills Reading for Main Ideas 了解大意了解大意 An important skill in reading is learning to comprehend the main idea of a text This is accomplished by first determining the thesis statement of the text The thesis statement or topic sentence tells the reader what the text is about it is the most important sentence in the text Sometimes the main idea is implied rather than directly stated in a sentence and the reader must learn how to infer make an educated guess as to what the main idea of the text is in order to comprehend the material as a whole Recognizing Important Facts or Details 掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节 To understand the main idea thoroughly you must recognize the important facts or details which help develop or support it These facts and details give you a deeper understanding of the main idea Here are some ways to help you recognize the important facts or details 1 Read for the main idea If you have identified the main idea you can recognize more easily the important facts that support it 2 Keep it in mind that not all facts or details are equally important Look only for the facts related to the main idea 3 To check on your understanding of the material you have read review the facts or details which you have decided are the most important Then consider if they support what you have identified as the main idea If adding up the facts or details does not lead logically to the main idea you have failed either to identify the main idea or to recognize the important supporting details Identifying the Author s Purpose and Tone 了解作者的目的和语气了解作者的目的和语气 Purpose 目的目的 1 Know the main idea of the passage 2 Identify the author s purpose according to the text Tone 语气语气 positive negative neutral critical doubtful suspicious indifferent concerned pessimistic optimistic factual impartial objective subjective ironic cynical emotional polite humorous disapproval hate admiration disgust gratitude forcefulness Understanding Text Coherence 理解语篇的连贯性理解语篇的连贯性 1 Grammatical devices such as tense and aspect reference substitution time or place relater and parallel construction 2 Lexical devices such as hyponymy synonymy complementarity and metonymy and repetition 3 Logical connectors such as and but in addition that is to say etc Drawing Conclusions 了解语篇的结论了解语篇的结论 Careful and thoughtful readers always think about what they are reading trying to interpret the ideas presented in a reading passage In doing so they are able to draw conclusions based on what the author tells them In order to draw reasonable conclusions we have to build our conclusions upon facts or evidence and not upon our own opinions likes or dislikes Of course our experience may prove useful but most of our conclusions must be based on what we read in the passage To draw a conclusion about implied main ideas in paragraphs you need to do the following 1 Consider what each sentence says about the common topic 2 Ask yourself what general thought or idea emerges when you put all of those individual pieces of information together 3 Think of the idea that emerges as the author s implied main idea and the purpose of the passage Paraphrasing 进行信息转换进行信息转换 A paraphrase is a passage borrowed from a source and rewritten in your own words A paraphrase should be true to the original author s idea but is rewritten in your own words and sentence structure Since you are using someone else s ideas and expressing them in your own words it is very important to give credit to the source of the idea A paraphrase should not use any of the original author s words except incidental conjunctions and common prepositions The case study for guessing vocabulary in English reading The case study for guessing words in English reading falls into six categories A According to punctuation 1 Chongqing China s newest municipality with a population of 30 million has welcomed its first test tube baby 2 This stream was made up of the tiny larvae newly born ants being carried out of the nest by the workers 3 They can make the abstract concrete the elusive comprehensible the unfamiliar familiar 4 Tornadoes violent and destructive whirl wind normally occur on hot humid a little wet day but not necessarily in the summer B According to signal word including or in other words not i e that is however rather than unlike etc 1 People began to make their own paper money or currency 2 It must be lasting and easy to recognize to divide and to carry about In other words it must be durable distinct divisible and portable 3 In fact the direct selling model has almost certainly been a boon not a barrier to Dell s plans 4 Hedonism that is believing that pleasure is the purpose of life seems to bring health not illness 5 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way Now however everything seems to be in a state of turmoil 6 Return the money of your own volition rather than be forced to hand it over 7 Unlike his sister who is a warm interested person John is apathetic to everyone and everything C According to example 1 You may borrow from the library any periodicals Nature New Society News week or The Listener 2 Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances for instance washing machines refrigerators and color televisions D According to definition 1 A person or thing beyond comparison a model of excellence is known as paragon 2 Ventilation as you know is a system or means of providing fresh air It plays a very important part in the field of engineering 3 Defined most broadly folklore includes all the customs belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation t