孔子英语介绍

Confucius Confucius 551 B C 479 B C is one of the most famous Chinese people As the founder of Confucianism1 his thought has exerted a deep influence on China and its people But Confucius was not his real name It was a courtesy title a Latinized form of Kong Fuzi meaning Master Kong His family name was Kong and his given name Qiu And he styled himself Zhongni He was born at Zouyi the State of Lu2 孔子 公元前 551 年 公元前 479 年 是中国最著名的人物 作为儒家创始人 他的 思想一直在中国有着深远的影响 但孔子不是他的原名 而是一种尊称 是孔夫子的拉丁 文 孔子姓孔名丘 字仲尼 出生在鲁国陬邑 今山东曲阜东南 As one of the greatest thinkers and educators in the history of China Confucius legacy lies in the following three aspects Firstly he compiled and preserved the literary works The Six Classics including Shi3 Shu4 Li5 Yue6 Yi 7 and Chun Qiu8 which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism The accomplishment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture 作为中国历史上伟大的思想家和教育家 他整理了 诗 书 礼 乐 易 春秋 六部文献 被后代奉为儒家经典 合称 六经 为传统文化的继承和发展做出了 巨大的贡献 Secondly Confucius built up a system of philosophical thoughts with Ren as its basic virtue This virtue is the central theme of his Analects9 He considered Ren as the first and highest criterion of man s behavior and the core of morality Ren meant to love other men to help others to be established when one wished to be established oneself and help others to be successful when one wished to be successful oneself Confucius concept of Li refers to a set of ritual and musical systems with the hierarchical system as its core Ren and Li are complementary Li is the exterior principle of Ren while Ren is Li s intrinsic guiding power To accomplish Ren one must abide by Li and Ren will be naturally generated in the process of practicing Li Fundamentally the purpose of Confucius Li is to restore the traditional rites of the Zhou Dynasty11 第二 建立了一套以 仁 为核心的思想体系 这集中体现在 论语 一书中 他认 为 仁 是人的最高道德境界 是道德的核心内容 仁 就是 爱人 夫仁者 己欲立 而立人 己欲达而达人 孔子也讲 礼 礼是礼乐制度 核心内容是等级制度 礼与仁 互为表里 礼是仁的外在规则 仁是礼的内在指导因素 要达到仁 必先合乎礼 在反复 实践礼的过程中自然会产生仁 孔子讲 仁 的目的是维护和恢复周礼 Thirdly Confucius established private schools creating a scientific educational system Confucius also held the idea that everyone should be educated regardless of his social status In educational practice he created flexible teaching methods promoting the combination of learning and thinking learning and reviewing as well as teaching and learning He emphasized on individualized and heuristic teaching These ideas are still of great significance in practice today 第三 办私学 创立了科学的教育思想体系 孔子提出 有教无类 在教育实践中创 立了灵活多样的教学方法 提倡 学 与 思 结合 学习与复习结合以及教与学结合 讲求因材施教和启发式教学等 这些思想 直到今天还有其现实意义 exert v 运用 施加 例句例句 1 He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan 他利用他的所有权力让他们接受这个计划 例句例句 2 The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides 月球对地球的吸引力引起潮汐 succession n 继承 例句例句 1 He became chairman in succession to Bernard Allen 他接替伯纳德 艾伦任主席 例句例句 2 She s third on order of succession to the throne 她在王位继承人顺序中排第三 hierarchical adj 分层的 等级制度的 例句例句 Japan is a hierarchical society 日本是一个分等级社会 heuristic adj 教学或教育 启发式的 例句例句 Confucius taught his students in a heuristic way 孔子以启发式教授他的学生 1 Confucianism The teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity high value given to learning family including ancestors peace and justice influencing the traditional culture of China 孔子 思想 儒家思想 2 Shi The Book of Songs 诗 3 Shu Collection of Ancient Texts 书 4 Li The Rites 礼 5 Yue The Music 乐 6 Yi The Book of Changes 易 7 Chun Qiu The Spring and Autumn Annuals 春秋 8 Ren Benevolence 仁 9 Analects Also known as the Analects of Confucius are considered a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples as well as the discussions they held Written during the Spring and Autumn Period through the Warring States Period the Analects i