牛津上海版英语四年级上语法(全)

英语笔记 四 五年级 目 录 1 音标 P1 6 2 反义词 P7 3 人称代词 P8 4 动名词 P9 5 可数名词的复数变化形式 P10 6 星期和月份的词汇 P11 7 基数词和序数词的用法 P12 8 to be 句型 P13 9 含有 have has 的句型 P14 10 can 句型 P15 11 there be 句型 P16 12 祈使句 P17 13 to do 句型 P18 14 改写句子 1 否定句 P19 15 改写句子 2 一般疑问句及肯定 否定回答 P20 16 改写句子 3 特殊疑问句 P21 17 P 18 P 19 P 20 P 21 P 22 P 23 P 24 P 25 P 26 P 27 P 28 P 29 P 30 P 31 P 32 P 33 P 34 P 35 P 音音 标标 1 a cake table make Jane plate snake name face place plane take gate tape taste baby lady paper station favourite ai tail rain rainy train wait ay day hay gray May may play say way away today birthday hurray ey they grey survey ea great break ei eight 2 a an and at bad bag black can cat catch dad fat hand hat have has sad jam piano lamp man map stamp stand thank that van angry apple happy jacket panda rabbit salad taxi traffic animal family Saturday piano 3 e he me she be we these evening zebra Peter Eva Chinese Japanese ee bee feel green knee meet need see seed sheep sleep street tree sweep sweet three keep ea beach bean clean eat leaf meat peach please read sea tea easy season teacher east i pizza ie piece eo people 4 e e egg bed desk ten pen pencil red seven Ken dress get help left leg let net next smell tell them then well west when wet yes clever every jelly letter present question second tennis very welcome yellow together eleven twelve elephant ea e bread head weather breakfast heavy ie e friend a e any many 只有两个 5 i like kite bicycle bike Mike nice nine I child climb drive driver fine hi ice ice cream mice rice ride shine sign slide smile time white wild write tiger behind beside library pineapple mine line igh high light night right bright tonight y by cry dry fly my sky try why ie tie pie fries uy buy eye eye 6 i big pig pink Jim his him is it its playing with stick drink fish gift give in list milk Miss pick ship sing sit spring swim swing thin thing this wind biscuit chick chicken children dinner kitchen listen little sister window winter picture rabbit animal morning will six slim y lovely slowly Danny party happy Dolly Tony Kitty very sunny cloudy windy rainy snowy family library busy any many pretty e puppet basket eleven peaches elephant supermarket toilet pretty u busy ey monkey money 7 o old cold go photo rose hold close clothes fold home no nose rope so those open over hello October piano Flo ow blow bowl slow snow know grow show yellow window rainbow crow oa boat coat road goat ou shoulder oe toe Joe 8 oor poor our tour ure sure 9 o dog box shop hot Bonnie cross fox long lot not nod on soft song stop strong body coffee office doctor chocolate volleyball October a want watch what wash au sausage because or orange sorry borrow tomorrow 10 u duck sun sunny cut cup Russ run up summer bus but jump much lunch mum us butter butterfly hungry fun funny number rubber study Sunday ugly uncle under umbrella trunk us club o love lovely come some sometimes front son brother colour Monday monkey money mother above become other ou touch rough young cousin 11 ar car card arm art farm dark far hard March park star start garden party scarf large sharp smart market supermarket yard Mark a ask class dance fast glass grass past plant after afternoon father basketball banana answer bath branch au aunt laugh al half ear heart 12 y j yes year yellow you your young yummy 13 oo u cool food moon room root school smooth spoon too tooth zoo afternoon pool u u June ruler Judy rule ue u blue glue true Sue o u do who whose to ou u group soup you ui u fruit juice 14 u ju pupil tube music use useful super cute unit supermarket computer usually tune student ew ju new news newspaper eau ju beautiful 15 al all ball call hall small talk tall walk wall always chalk fall salt salty or for horse or short corn sport before more tortoise aw draw seesaw strawberry au autumn August Laura ar warm quarter award oor door floor our four your yours a water augh daughter 16 ir bird girl shirt skirt first sir birthday circle dirty thirsty thirteen third thirty er her term ur nurse turn Thursday purse or word world work worker ear learn early 17 oo book cook foot good look football goodbye classroom u full pull push put sugar bull o woman wolf ou would should could 18 a about away woman pizza zebra cinema vegetable banana e children cinema camera garden o chocolate computer potato second today together tonight welcome i beautiful April terrible u autumn difficult August minus er after brother clever mother father sister December dinner finger letter number October over river rubber ruler summer super under water weather afternoon supermarket trousers computer or doctor mirror scissors ar sugar ur Saturday 19 ou cloud cloudy count house loud aloud mouse mouth out shout round sound south trousers about ouch ow cow how now brown down town wow bow owl 20 ear ear hear near dear fear tear eer deer beer engineer ea idea theatre ere here 21 ere there where ear bear pear wear eir their air air chair hair pair are share square Clare ae aeroplane 22 oy boy toy Joyce oi toilet noise point voice 23 th thin three thank thick thing mouth birthday tooth think third Thursday throw both north south month thirty thirsty 24 th this that these those they them their there smooth brother father mother with clothes together weather the then 25 ch chair chick chicken child children China Chinese chocolate teach teacher beach lunch March much peach touch which branch tch watch catch match kitchen 26 sh she sheep shine ship shoe short shoulder show shut brush shop dish fish push wash wish English rubbish s sure sugar 27 w w wait walk wall want warm water way we week Wednesday well west wet wild will win wind window windy winter woman word work world would swim swing sweep sweet away always wh w what where white why which when 28 k k park basketball ask worker bike book cook dark lake like look make kitchen talk walk week work sky c k cake clean can car coat cold colour come computer cook cool copy corn count cow cup cut act difficult rectangle October scarf because become chocolate doctor picnic picture second ck k chick chicken jacket back clock rock duck knock pick sock sick quick ch k school Christmas x ks box fox six taxi text next exercise 29 l l late leaf let letter light like listen little live look lot loud slide slow early ruler salad toilet ugly old film milk wild bowl cool feel girl pool tail ll l hello all ball tall doll full bell fall smell tell small wall well will 30 s s sad salad Saturday say sea see seed sell seven six sick sir sister sit smart smell smile smooth snake snow snowy so soap son sun soup Sunday sunny August beside desk ask east list first must past post taste bus mouse us ss s class classroom glass miss Miss grass guess dress cross lesson c i c e c y s cinema circle city ice December face juice mice nice office piece place rice twice voice bicycle 31 f f face fall family fan farm fast fat feed feel film find fine first fold food foot football for four fox full funny after afternoon often before gift left soft half knife leaf scarf ff f off office coffee traffic 注 off of ph f photo photograph phone telephone gh f rough r f laugh l f 32 cl kl class clever cloud cloudy climb clock close clothes Clare circle bicycle 33 pl pl place plane plant plate play plus apple people purple 34 gl gl glass glad glue Gladys gloves triangle rectangle 35 bl bl blue black blow table 36 fl fl flower fly floor flag 37 sl sl slow slowly slide 38 sk sk desk mask ask skate skateboard ski sky scarf sketchbook Scarlet 39 sp sp wasp crisps spin spinner spider spring sport speak 40 st st toast post postman past last taste stop stand star stay stick 41 dr dr dry dress draw dream drive driver drum 42 pr pr princess prince pretty price present 43 cr kr cream ice cream cry crayon crow 44 tr tr tree try train true trousers truck traffic travel triangle street 45 h h he how hello hi horse house head hair hold wh h who whose 46 ts ts cats hats puts gets rats rabbits kites sweets parents 47 s s likes bikes thanks stamps maps cats hats rabbits kites sweets 48 ds dz beds heads friends birds lizards seeds 49 s z use music easy visit knives season close nose walls shoes uncles bees frogs drivers chickens noodles beds friends seeds hens 50 n n nine nice fine then not nose ten hen kn n knife knee knockb 51 ng sing wing swing long young thing morning song wrong n k think thank bank ink blank pink trunk monkey n g hungry English 52 s usually usual s ure pleasure s ion television vision 53 j job jump jeep jam Jim Jack juice juicy judge Japan Japanese g orange age cage page giraffe sausage dge bridge fridge judge 语法语法 1 反义词反义词 1 big 大的 small 小的 2 tall 高的 short 矮的 3 long 长的 short 短的 4 fat 胖的 thin 瘦的 5 new 新的 old 旧的 6 young 年轻的 old 老的 7 yes 是 no 不是 8 on 在 上 under 在 下 9 hard 硬的 soft 软的 10 rough 粗糙的 smooth 光滑的 11 open 打开 close 关闭 12 sit 坐 stand 站 13 white 白的 black 黑的 14 this 这 that 那 15 fast 快的 slow 慢的 16 fast 快地 slowly 慢地 17 hot 热的 cold 冷的 18 cool 凉爽的 warm 温暖的 19 come 来 go 去 20 in 在 里 out 在 外 21 come in 进来 go out 出去 22 good 好的 bad 坏的 23 clean 干净的 dirty 脏的 24 up 向上 down 向下 25 here 这里 there 那里 26 happy 开心的 sad 伤心的 27 wet 湿的 dry 干的 28 put on 穿上 take off 脱下 29 thin 细的 薄的 thick 粗的 厚的 30 beautiful nice ugly 丑的 31 these 这些 those 那些 32 sweet 甜的 bitter 苦的 sour salty 33 after 在 之后 before 在 之前 34 hungry 饿的 full 饱的 35 full 满的 empty 空的 36 afraid 害怕的 brave 勇敢的 37 funny 有趣的 boring 无聊的 38 bright 明亮的 dark 黑暗的 39 light 轻的 heavy 重的 40 behind 在 后面 in front of 在 前面 41 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 42 turn up 调高 turn down 调低 43 easy 容易的 difficult 难的 44 busy 忙的 free 空闲的 45 right 右边 left 左边 46 right 对的 wrong 错的 47 ask 问 answer 回答 48 sharp 尖的 锋利的 blunt 钝的 49 strong 强壮的 weak 虚弱的 50 many 许多 few 很少 可数 51 much 许多 little 很少 不可数 52 first 首先 last 最后 53 buy 买 sell 卖 54 north 北方 south 南方 55 west 西方 east 东方 56 语法语法 2 人人 称称 代代 词词 主格主格宾格宾格 所有格所有格 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词 名词性名词性 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 I 我 me 我 my 我的 mine 我的 myself 我自己 you 你 你们 you 你 你们 your 你的 你们的 yours 你的 你们的 yourself 你自己 he 他 him 他 his 他的 his 他的 himself 他自己 she 她 her 她 her 她的 hers 她的 herself 她自己 it 它 it 它 its 它的 its 它的 itself 它自己 we 我们 us 我们 our 我们的 ours 我们的 ourselves 我们自己 they 他们 them 他们 their 他们的 theirs 他们的 themselves 他们自己 用法 用法 1 主格可用于句子的主语 也就是句子里说的是谁 通常在句子的开头 2 宾格用作句子的宾语 通常用在介词介词和行为动词行为动词的后面 如 Look at me Listen to him at to 都是介词 后面用宾格 Here s a cake for you for 是介词 I like playing with her with 是介词 I like them Let us sing together like let 都是动词 后面也用宾格 Can you see them No but I can hear them see hear 是动词 Touch it Smell them touch smell 是动词 3 所有格也叫形容词性物主代词 用来形容某样东西是谁的 中文意思里都有 个 的 字 所以不能单独使用 后面一定要加上名词一样东西 如 This is my dog my 后面加上了名词 dog Our teacher is happy today His face is round 4 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词 它起名词的作用 在句子中为 避免重复使用名词 有时可用 名词性物主代词 来代替 形容词性物主代 词 名词 的形式 在使用名词性物主代词时 必须有特定的语言环境 也 就是要省略的名词大家已经知道 在前面已经提起过 如 My bag is yellow Her bag is red His bag is blue and your bag is pink 可以这样说 My bag is yellow Hers is red His is blue and yours is pink 语法语法 3 动名词动名词 动名词动名词也叫现在分词 就是在行为动词后面 ing 的形式 加了 ing 后它的 词性从动词变成了名词 表示一件事情 它可以用在 like 或 go 的后面 表示喜 欢做某件事或去做某件事 也可以用在 be 动词后面构成现在进行时态 表示某 人正在做某事 要记住双写动名词有这些 hop hopping skip skipping stop stopping shop shopping clap clapping sit sitting cut cutting get getting put putting swim swimming run running spin spinning begin beginning 开始 例 I like eating hamburgers I like to eat hamburgers Kitty likes playing with her cat Kitty likes to play with her cat You can go skating in winter The children go swimming in summer 语法语法 4 可数名词的复数变化形式可数名词的复数变化形式 已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为 8 种情况 1 直接 s 如 apple apples boy boys 2 词尾字母是 s x sh ch 的名词要 es 如 dress dresses box boxes fish fishes peach peaches 3 词尾两个字母是辅音字母辅音字母 y 的名词 要去 y 再 ies 如 baby babies butterfly butterflies library libraries family families 4 词尾字母是 f 或 fe 的名词 要去掉 f 或 fe 再 ves 如 leaf 叶子 leaves wolf 狼 wolves knife 小刀 knives 5 单词中的 oo 变为 ee 已学过的记住三个 foot 脚 feet tooth 牙齿 teeth goose 鹅 geese 6 把 a 改成 e man men snowman snowmen postman postmen policeman policemen woman 女人 women 7 特殊变化 mouse mice child children 8 单复数同形 单数和复数是一样的 如 sheep sheep deer 小鹿 deer people 人 people Chinese 中国人 Chinese Japanese 日本人 Japanese fish fish 此时鱼是可数的 语法语法 5 星期和月份的词汇星期和月份的词汇 week 星期 day 天 日子 year 年 month 月 date 日期 星期 星期 Sunday 星期日 Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五 Saturday 星期六 记住 星期日是一个星期的第一天 而星期六是最后一天 月份 月份 January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 十一月 December 十二月 语法语法 6 基数词和序数词基数词和序数词 基数词序数词基数词序数词 one 1first 第 1nineteen 19nineteenth 第 19 two 2second 第 2twenty 20twentieth 第 20 three 3third 第 3twenty one 21twenty first 第 21 four 4fourth 第 4twenty two 22twenty second 第 22 five 5fifth 第 5twenty three 23twenty third 第 23 six 6sixth 第 6twenty four24twenty fourth 第 24 seven 7seventh 第 7twenty five25twenty fifth 第 25 eight 8eighth 第 8twenty six26twenty sixth 第 26 nine 9ninth 第 9twenty seven27twenty seventh 第 27 ten 10tenth 第 10 eleven 11eleventh 第 11thirty 30thirtieth 第 30 twelve 12twelfth 第 12forty 40fortieth 第 40 thirteen 13thirteenth 第 13fifty 50fiftieth 第 50 fourteen 14fourteenth第 14sixty 60sixtieth 第 60 fifteen 15fifteenth 第 15seventy 70seventieth 第 70 sixteen 16sixteenth 第 16eighty 80eightieth 第 80 seventeen 17seventeenth 第 17ninety 90ninetieth 第 90 eighteen 18eighteenth 第 18one hundred 100one hundredth 第 100 语法语法 7 基数词和序数词的用法基数词和序数词的用法 1 基数词基数词用来表示数量 如 one flower two trees three boys 2 序数词序数词用来表示顺序 中文意思为 第几 通常前面要加 the 3 大多数序数词是由基数词 th 构成 但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式 其 它只要加 th 就可以了 4 特殊变化的形式有 first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 fifth 第五 eighth 第八 ninth 第九 nine 去 e 加 th twelfth 第十二 先把 twelve 的 ve 改成 f 再加 th twentieth 第二十 先把 twenty 的 y 改成 ie 再加 th 所有的整十数都是这样 改 twenty first 第二十一 twenty second 第二十二 twenty third 第二十三 21 以上的两位数的序数词 十位上的数不变 只要个位上的数变成相应的序 数词就可以了 5 序数词常用于日期表达日期表达中 日期可以有两种表达方式 月份 the 序数词 如 June the first 6 1 January the second 1 2 the 序数词 of 月份 如 the first of June the second of January 6 介词 in 和 on 在时间前都表示 在 具体用法如下 在具体某一天某一天用 on 如 在星期天 on Sunday 在六月一日 on June the first 或 on the first of June 在几月份几月份用 in 在什么年份也用 in 如 在一月 in January 在二月 in February 在 1998 年 in 1998 7 提问星期几用 What day is it 今天是星期几 提问日期 几月几号 用 What s the date date 日期 语法语法 8 to be 句型句型 含有 be 动词的句子我们称之为 to be 句型 be 动词有三个 am is are 意思都表示 是 用法记儿歌 我用 am 你用 are is 用于他 她 它 我 们 你们和他们 表示复数都用 are am I 是 is 第三人称单数 除了我和你 其他一个人或一样东西 are I you 和复数 改写句子 1 I am a student 否定句 I am not a student 一般疑问句 Are you a student 提问时肯定句中的 我 要改成 你 肯定回答 Yes I am 否定回答 No I m not 问 你 回答用 我 划线提问 Who is a student who 也是三单 be 动词要用 is 1 划线提问 What are you 你是干什么的 What do you do 2 2 The student is in the classroom 否定句 The student isn t in the classroom 一疑句 Is the student in the classroom 两答 Yes he she is No he she isn t 划线提问 Where is the student 3 We are tired 否定句 We aren t tired 一疑句 Are you tired 提问时要把 我们 变 你们 两答 Yes we are No we aren t 问 你们 回答用 我们 划线提问 How are you 或 How do you feel 语法语法 9 含有含有 have has 的句型的句型 have has 有多种含义 其中最常用的是表示 有 吃 喝 进行 等 根 据不同的意思 改变句型时也会有不同的改法 1 当句中的 have has 表示 有 时 我们称之为 to have 句型 此时 have has 后面无论有没有 got 都可以把 have has 看作是关键词 改写句子时只要在 have has 上做文章就可以了 如 The students have a new teacher 否 The students haven t a new 1 teacher 一疑 Have the students a new teacher 两答 Yes they have No they haven t 划线提问 Who has a new teacher who 是三单后面要用 has My sister has got some books 否 My sister hasn t got any books 2 一疑 Has your sister got any books 两答 Yes she has No she hasn t 划线提问 What has your sister got 2 当句中的 have has 表示一个动作 吃 喝 进行 举行 上课 等意思 时 它就是 to do 句型 此时 have has 就是一个动词 不再是关键词 改写句子 时就要借助于助动词 do 或 does 来进行改写 如 We have a picnic in spring 否 We don t have a picnic in spring 1 一疑 Do you have a picnic in spring 两答 Yes we do No we don t 划线提问 What do you do in spring 你们在春天干什么 两个 do 的意思不一样 Mary has some bread 否 Mary doesn t have any bread 注 has 变 2 have 一疑 Does Mary have any bread 两答 Yes she does No she doesn t 划线提问 What does Mary have Mary 吃了什么 does 出现出现 has 变原形变原形 have 注意点 注意点 当 have has 后面有 got 时只能表示 有有 也只能用第 1 种方式进 行改写句子 当 have has 后面没有没有 got 但也表示但也表示 有有 时 用第 1 2 两种方式 都可以改写句子 而当 have has 表示一个动作动作时 只能用第 2 种方式改写句子 大家要学会灵活运用 窍门 窍门 观察句子中有没有 got 有 got 的句子 have has 只能解释为 有 它 们就是关键词 没有 got 就把句子当成 to do 句型用 do 或 does 来改 语法语法 10 can 句型句型 1 can 表示 能 会 可以 属于情态动词 can may must 都是情态动词 2 肯定句的句子结构 肯定句的句子结构 主语 can 行为动词原形 主语主语是指这句话里主要讲谁或什么东西 行为动词行为动词是指一个动作 如 I can draw a flower I 是主语 draw 是行为动词原形 The boys can play football The boys 是主语 play 是动词原形 3 否定句 否定句 主语 can t 行为动词原形 can t can not 如 I can draw a flower I can t draw a flower 4 一般疑问句 一般疑问句 Can 主语 行为动词原形 也就是把 can 提前到句子开头就可以了 最后别忘加上问号 回答有两种 肯定回答 Yes 人称代词 can 否定回答 No 人称代词 can t 要牢记 can 来提问 can 来回答 如 The boys can play football Can the boys play football Yes they can No they can t 5 特殊疑问句 当划线部分是动词时 要注意在提问时要用特殊疑问句 当划线部分是动词时 要注意在提问时要用 do 来代替划来代替划 线部分出现在问句中 线部分出现在问句中 如 I can sing a song What can you do The boys can draw a dog What can the boys draw The boys can draw a dog What can the boys do The boys can draw a dog Who can draw a dog My sister can ride a bicycle on the road Where can your sister ride a bicycle 语法语法 11 there be 句型句型 there be 句型表示 在某处有某物在某处有某物 跟 to have 句型的 某人有某物 是 有区别的 大家千万别把这两种句型的含义搞错 there be 的肯定句结构 的肯定句结构 There is are 量词 名词 地点 具体有两种情况 1 there is 后面加可数名词单数单数或不可数不可数名词 如 There is an apple on the plate There is some bread and some apples on the table and 连接两样东西时 要用就近原则 也就是只要看 and 前面的东西 后面有多少东西都不用管 2 There are 后面加可数名词的复数复数形式 如 There are three books on my desk There are ten chicks and a pig on the farm there be 句型的改写句子 句型的改写句子 否定句 否定句 在 is 或 are 后面加 not 如遇 some 改成 any 一疑句 一疑句 把 is 或 are 提前 如遇 some 也要改成 any 两答 两答 Yes there is are No there is are not 必须用 there 来回答 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句只有两种 1 划线部分只是量词只是量词时 用 How much 或 How many 提问 结构 How much 不可数名词 is there 地点 表示 有多少量 How many 可数 复 are there 地点 表示 有多少个 如 There is some water in the bottle water 不可数用 How much 提问 How much water is there in the bottle 多少水 There is an orange bag on the chair 可数的用 How many 提问 How many orange bags are there on the chair 有多少个桔色的包 当提问可数名词的数量时 无论原句是单数还是复数 提问时都要改 成复数复数形式来提问 也就是 How many 后面一定要加可数名词的复数 2 划线部分是量词和名词量词和名词时 无论是可数还是不可数 单数还是复数 只 用一种结构提问 What s 地点 在某地方有什么 如 There is some water in the bottle What s in the bottle There is an orange bag on the chair What s on the chair There are ten lovely chicks under