YS-《计算机网络》上机任务书 - PT实验三

计计算机网算机网络络 上机任上机任务书务书 实验三实验三 网络互联之网络互联之路由器配置路由器配置 一 实验目的 一 实验目的 熟悉路由器工作原理 练习cisco 路由器端口的基本配置 掌握静态路由的配置 掌握动态路由协议的配置 二 实验任务二 实验任务 一 静态路由设置 二 动态路由 RIP 协议设置 二 动态路由 OSPF 协议设置 四 路由器综合配置实验 一 静态路由设置 一 静态路由设置 一 实验目标一 实验目标 掌握静态路由的配置方法和技巧 掌握通过静态路由方式实现网络的连通性 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式 二 实验背景二 实验背景 学校有新旧两个校区 每个校区是一个独立的局域网 为了使新旧校区能 够正常相互通讯 共享资源 每个校区出口利用一台路由器进行连接 两台路 由器间学校申请了一条 2M 的 DDN 专线进行相连 要求做适当配置实现两个校 区间的正常相互访问 三 技术原理三 技术原理 路由器属于网络层设备 能够根据 IP 包头的信息 选择一条最佳路径将数 据包转发出去 实现不同网段的主机之间的互相访问 路由器是根据路由表进 行选路和转发的 而路由表就是由一条条路由信息组成 生成路由表主要有两种方法 手工配置和动态配置 即静态路由协议配置 和动态路由协议配置 静态路由是指由网络管理员手工配置的路由信息 静态路由除了具有简单 高效 可靠的优点外 它的另一个好处是网络安 全保密性高 缺省路由可以看作是静态路由的一种特殊情况 当数据在查找路由表时 没有找到和目标相匹配的路由表项时 为数据指定的路由 四 配置过程四 配置过程 1 实验拓扑 实验拓扑 1 在路由器 R1 R2 上配置接口的 IP 地址和 R1 串口上的时钟频率 2 查看路由器生成的直连路由 3 在路由器 R1 R2 上配置静态路由 4 验证 R1 R2 上的静态路由配置 5 将 PC1 PC2 主机默认网关默认网关分别设置为与路由器接口 f1 0 IP 地址 6 PC1 PC2 主机之间可以互相通信 7 CISCO 路由器静态路由的配置命令为 config ip route net number mask next hop net number 网络号 mask 掩码 next hop 下一跳出口 IP 地址 例 config ip route 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 3 添加静态路 由 config ip route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192 168 5 3 添加默认路由 8 路由器添加串行接口 在模拟器 physical 界面 先点那个绿色开关 表示 关闭电源 然后从左边拖拽 WIC 1T 或者 WIC 2T 到路由器的插槽中去 然后开 启电源即可 9 路由器无法设置时钟速率 只有用串口相连的设备才能在 DCE 数据通讯 设备 端设置时钟频率 Packet Tracer 需要添加串口模块 然后用串行线相连 在 DCE 端会显示一个很小的时钟 标明需要配置时钟频率 以太网 E 口 F 口 都不能配置时钟频率 只有 S 口可以配置 2 配置步骤 配置步骤 路由器路由器 R1 配置配置 Router Router en Router conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Router config hostname R1 R1 config interface fa1 0 配置以太网接口 或 config int fa0 1 下同 R1 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface FastEthernet1 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1 0 changed state to up R1 config if ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 配置以太网口 IP 地址及掩码 R1 config if exit R1 config interface serial 2 0 配置串口 2 或 interface serial 0 2 下同 R1 config if no shutdown 激活端口 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to down R1 config if clock rate 64000 配置串口时间频率为 64000 设置同步时 间 保证数据传输的同步 双绞线用的是以太网端口接内部网络 串口主要用于连接外部 网络 因为要协调时间 所以一般在接外部网络的一段 要设同步时间 R1 config if ip address 192 168 5 2 255 255 255 0 配置串口 IP 地址及掩码 R1 config if end SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R1 show ip route 查看路由表 Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet1 0 直连网络 R1 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up R1 show ip route 查看路由表 Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet1 0 以太网口直连路由 C 192 168 5 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 串口直连网络 R1 conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z R1 config ip route 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 3 添加静态路由 R1 config end R1 SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R1 show ip route 查看路由表 Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet1 0 直连网络 S 192 168 2 0 24 1 0 via 192 168 5 3 通过串口连接的网络 192 168 2 0 C 192 168 5 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 直连网络 R1 路由器路由器 R2 配置配置 Router en Router conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Router config hostname R2 R2 config interface fa1 0 R2 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface FastEthernet1 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1 0 changed state to up R2 config if ip address 192 168 2 1 255 255 255 0 R2 config if exit R2 config interface serial 2 0 R2 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up R2 config if ip address 192 168 5 3 255 255 255 0 R2 config if end R2 SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R2 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 2 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet1 0 C 192 168 5 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 R2 conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z R2 config ip route 192 168 1 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 5 2 添加静态路由 R2 config end SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R2 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192 168 1 0 24 1 0 via 192 168 5 2 通过串口连接的网络 192 168 1 0 C 192 168 2 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet1 0 直连网络 C 192 168 5 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 直连网络 R2 3 连通性测试 连通性测试 Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1 0 PC ipconfig IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 1 PC ping 192 168 2 2 Pinging 192 168 2 2 with 32 bytes of data Request timed out Reply from 192 168 2 2 bytes 32 time 17ms TTL 126 Reply from 192 168 2 2 bytes 32 time 21ms TTL 126 Reply from 192 168 2 2 bytes 32 time 16ms TTL 126 Ping statistics for 192 168 2 2 Packets Sent 4 Received 3 Lost 1 25 loss Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum 16ms Maximum 21ms Average 18ms PC 二 动态路由 二 动态路由 RIPRIP 协议设置协议设置 一 实验目标一 实验目标 掌握 RIP 协议的配置方法 掌握查看通过动态路由协议 RIP 学习产生的路由 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式 二 实验背景二 实验背景 假设校园网通过一台三层交换机连到校园网出口路由器上 路由器再和校园外的另一 台路由器连接 现要做适当配置 实现校园网内部主机与校园网外部主机之间的相互通信 为了简化网管的管理维护工作 学校决定采用 RIP V2 协议实现互通 三 技术原理三 技术原理 RIP Routing Information Protocols 路由信息协议 是应用较早 使用较普通的 IGP 内部网关协议 适用于小型同类网络 是距离矢量协议 RIP 协议以跳数衡量路径开销 RIP 协议里规定最大跳数为 15 RIP 协议有两个版本 RIPv1 和 RIPv2 RIPv1 属于有类路由协议 不支持 VLSM 以 广播形式进行路由信息的更新 更新周期为 30 秒 RIPv2 属于无类路由协议 支持 VLSM 以组播形式进行路由更新 四 实验过程四 实验过程 1 实验拓扑 实验拓扑 1 在三层交换机上划分 VLAN10 和 VLAN20 其中 VLAN10 用于连接校园网主机 VLAN20 用于连接 R1 2 路由器之间通过 V 35 电缆通过串口连接 DCE 端连接在 R1 上 配置其时间频率为 64000 3 主机和交换机通过直连线连接 主机与路由器通过交叉线连接 4 在 S3560 上配置 RIPv2 路由协议 5 在路由器 R1 R2 上配置 RIPv2 路由协议 6 将 PC1 PC2 主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口 IP 地址 7 验证 PC1 PC2 主机之间可以互相通信 2 配置过程 配置过程 配置三层交换机配置三层交换机 S3560 Switch Switch en Switch conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Switch config hostname S3560 S3560 config vlan 10 S3560 config vlan exit S3560 config vlan 20 S3560 config vlan exit S3560 config interface fa0 10 S3560 config if switchport access vlan 10 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface fa0 20 S3560 config if switchport access vlan 20 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface vlan 10 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Vlan10 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Vlan10 changed state to up S3560 config if ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface vlan 20 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Vlan20 changed state to up S3560 config if ip address 192 168 3 1 255 255 255 0 交换机设管理 IP 及掩码 S3560 config if exit S3560 config router rip 三层交换机设动态路由协议 RIP S3560 config router network 192 168 1 0 分配的网段 S3560 config router network 192 168 3 0 分配的网段 S3560 config router version 2 rip version 2 支持无分类路由协议 S3560 config router LINK 5 CHANGED Interface FastEthernet0 20 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0 20 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Vlan20 changed state to up S3560 config router end S3560 SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console S3560 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected Vlan10 C 192 168 3 0 24 is directly connected Vlan20 S3560 show ip route 当配置好所有 RIPv2 后 再查看路由信息 Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected Vlan10 R 192 168 2 0 24 120 2 via 192 168 3 2 00 00 01 Vlan20 C 192 168 3 0 24 is directly connected Vlan20 R 192 168 4 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 3 2 00 00 01 Vlan20 S3560 路由器路由器 R1 配置配置 Router en Router conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Router config hostname R1 R1 config interface fa0 0 R1 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface FastEthernet0 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0 0 changed state to up R1 config if ip address 192 168 3 2 255 255 255 0 R1 config if exit R1 config interface serial 2 0 R1 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to down R1 config if clock rate 64000 R1 config if ip address 192 168 4 1 255 255 255 0 R1 config if exit R1 config router rip R1 config router network 192 168 3 0 R1 config router network 192 168 4 0 R1 config router version 2 R1 config router end SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R1 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192 168 1 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 3 1 00 00 15 FastEthernet0 0 C 192 168 3 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 R1 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up R1 show ip route 当配置好所有 RIPv2 后 再查看路由信息 Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192 168 1 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 3 1 00 00 19 FastEthernet0 0 R 192 168 2 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 4 2 00 00 11 Serial2 0 C 192 168 3 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 C 192 168 4 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 R1 路由器路由器 R2 配置配置 Router en Router conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Router config hostname R2 R2 config interface fa0 0 R2 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface FastEthernet0 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0 0 changed state to up R2 config if ip address 192 168 2 1 255 255 255 0 R2 config if exit R2 config interface serial 2 0 R2 config if no shutdown LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial2 0 changed state to up R2 config if ip address 192 168 4 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config if exit R2 config end SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R2 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 2 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 C 192 168 4 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 R2 conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z R2 config router rip R2 config router network 192 168 2 0 R2 config router network 192 168 4 0 R2 config router version 2 R2 config router end SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console R2 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192 168 1 0 24 120 2 via 192 168 4 1 00 00 00 Serial2 0 C 192 168 2 0 24 is directly connected FastEthernet0 0 R 192 168 3 0 24 120 1 via 192 168 4 1 00 00 00 Serial2 0 C 192 168 4 0 24 is directly connected Serial2 0 R2 3 连通性测试 连通性测试 Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1 0 PC ipconfig IP Address 192 168 2 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 2 1 PC ping 192 168 1 2 Pinging 192 168 1 2 with 32 bytes of data Request timed out Request timed out Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 16ms TTL 125 Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 17ms TTL 125 Ping statistics for 192 168 1 2 Packets Sent 4 Received 2 Lost 2 50 loss Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum 16ms Maximum 17ms Average 16ms PC ping 192 168 1 2 Pinging 192 168 1 2 with 32 bytes of data Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 19ms TTL 125 Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 16ms TTL 125 Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 13ms TTL 125 Reply from 192 168 1 2 bytes 32 time 15ms TTL 125 Ping statistics for 192 168 1 2 Packets Sent 4 Received 4 Lost 0 0 loss Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum 13ms Maximum 19ms Average 15ms PC 三 动态路由 三 动态路由 OSPF 协议配置协议配置 一 实验目标一 实验目标 掌握 OSPF 协议的配置方法 掌握查看通过动态路由协议 OSPF 学习产生的路由 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式 二 实验背景二 实验背景 假设某公司通过一台三层交换机连到公司出口路由器上 路由器再和公司外的另一台 路由器连接 现要做适当配置 实现公司内部主机与公司外部主机之间的相互通信 为了 简化网管的管理维护工作 公司决定采用 OSPF 协议实现互通 三 技术原理三 技术原理 OSPF 开放式最短路径优先协议 是目前网络中应用最广泛的路由协议之一 属于内 部网关路由协议 能够适应各种规模的网络环境 是典型的链路状态协议 OSPF 路由协 议通过向全网扩散设备的链路状态信息 使网络中每台设备最终同步一个具有全网链路状 态的数据库 然后路由器采用 SPF 算法 以自己为根 计算到达其他网络的最短路径 最 终形成全网路由信息 四 实验过程四 实验过程 1 实验拓扑 实验拓扑 1 在三层交换机上划分 VLAN10 和 VLAN20 其中 VLAN10 用于连接校园网主机 VLAN20 用于连接 R1 2 路由器之间通过 V 35 电缆通过串口连接 DCE 端连接在 R1 上 配置其时间频率为 64000 3 主机和交换机通过直连线连接 主机与路由器通过交叉线连接 4 在 S3560 上配置 OSPF 路由协议 5 在路由器 R1 R2 上配置 OSPF 路由协议 6 将 PC1 PC2 主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口 IP 地址 7 验证 PC1 PC2 主机之间可以互相通信 2 实验步骤 实验步骤 三层交换机三层交换机 S3560 配置配置 Switch en Switch conf t Enter configuration commands one per line End with CNTL Z Switch config hostname S3560 S3560 config vlan 10 S3560 config vlan exit S3560 config vlan 20 S3560 config vlan exit S3560 config interface fa0 10 S3560 config if switchport access vlan 10 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface fa0 20 S3560 config if switchport access vlan 20 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface vlan 10 S3560 config if LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Vlan10 changed state to up LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Vlan10 changed state to up S3560 config if ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 S3560 config if exit S3560 config interface vlan 20 LINK 5 CHANGED Interface Vlan20 changed state to up S3560 config if ip address 192 168 3 1 255 255 255 0 S3560 config if exit S3560 config router ospf Process ID S3560 config router ospf 1 S3560 config router network 192 168 1 0 A B C D OSPF wild card bits S3560 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area Set the OSPF area ID S3560 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area OSPF area ID as a decimal value A B C D OSPF area ID in IP address format S3560 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 S3560 config router network 192 168 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 S3560 config router end S3560 SYS 5 CONFIG I Configured from console by console S3560 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area candidate default U per user static route o ODR P periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192 168 1 0 24 is directly connected Vlan10 C 192 168 3 0 24 is directly connected Vlan20 S3560 00 10 01 OSPF 5 ADJCHG Process 1 Nbr 192 168 4 1 on Vlan20 from LOADING to FULL Loading Done S3560 show ip route Codes C connected S static I IGRP R RIP M mobile B BGP D EIGRP EX EIGRP external O OSPF IA OSPF inter area N1 OSPF NSSA external type 1 N2 OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 OSPF external type 1 E2 OSPF external type 2 E EGP i IS IS L1 IS IS level 1 L2 IS IS level 2 ia IS IS inter area 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