过去分词作表语

过去分词用法总结 过去分词用法总结 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语 作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态 强调主谓关系 这种结构中的过去分词前可加 quite very rather 等修饰词 系 动词可有多种 表示不同的意义 被动语态表示动作 强调动宾关系 绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用 by 短语来表示 过去分词做表语 跟在过去分词做表语 跟在 be get become look sound feel keep remain grow seem appear 等系动词等系动词 后面后面 一般表示被动或主语所处的状一般表示被动或主语所处的状 态 含有态 含有 感到感到 的意思 主语多的意思 主语多 数情况是数情况是人人 His father seems pleased with his results He became interested in English 某些过去分词作表语某些过去分词作表语 多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情 感变化感变化 其主语多半是人 其主语多半是人 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分这类过去分词通常为下列过去分 词词 delighted devoted discouraged astonished frightened excited inspired encouraged interested contented pleased puzzled satisfied tired worried ect 这些分词几乎都可以看这些分词几乎都可以看 作形容词作形容词 其中很多可以被其中很多可以被 very 修饰修饰 A On hearing the good news everyone was very excited B We are very pleased at the news 需要注意的地方 需要注意的地方 1 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异 过去分词作表语 系过去分词作表语 系 表结构 表示的是一种状态或者状况 而被动语态表示的是表结构 表示的是一种状态或者状况 而被动语态表示的是 一个动作 一个动作 The store is now closed The library is usually closed at 8 00 p m The novel is well written The novel is written by LuXun 2 多数情况下 如果主语是人 表语使用过去分词多数情况下 如果主语是人 表语使用过去分词 如果主如果主 语是事或物 表语使用现在分词 语是事或物 表语使用现在分词 但事实上 当表示主语处但事实上 当表示主语处 于某种状态中 即于某种状态中 即 感到感到 觉得 觉得 表语要使用过去分词时 表语要使用过去分词时 所以有时主语是物时也可 而要表示主语所以有时主语是物时也可 而要表示主语 具有令人具有令人 使别人感使别人感 到 到 的特征 的特征 性质性质 表语使用现在分词 包括有时主语 表语使用现在分词 包括有时主语 是人时也行 是人时也行 He is terrifying 他很吓人 他很吓人 指他的长相或举动令人害怕 指他的长相或举动令人害怕 He is terrified 他很害怕 他很害怕 Please describe a dog that is frightened 请描述一只惊恐的狗请描述一只惊恐的狗 狗受到了惊吓 狗受到了惊吓 Please describe a dog that is frightening 请描述一只令人害怕请描述一只令人害怕 的狗 的狗 2 get done 也可构成被动语态 在意义上接近于也可构成被动语态 在意义上接近于 be done 例如 例如 He right hand got burnt in that big fire 他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了 She got murdered last year 去年她被人谋杀了 get done 表状态表状态 练习 1 What an game I m really at it A excited exciting B exciting excited C excited exciting D exciting exciting 2 The ground is with the leaves A covering falling B covered falling C covered fallen D covering fallen 3 We are all to see that child A pleasing smiled B pleasing smiling C pleased smiling D pleased smiling He got about losing the money A worried B worrying 5 There was an look on his face when the actress appeared A excited B excite C exciting D Excitement 6 After the heavy rain many cars got in the mud A catch B catching C caught D being caught 7 When I went in they were in a heated discussion A absorb B Absorbed C absorbing D being absorbed 8 What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got A kill B killing C killed D to be killed 9 Tom sounds very much in the job but I m not sure whether he can manage it A interested B interesting C interestingly D interestedly 10 The children were all after they heard the news that they would be sent to Australia international exchange students 国际交换生国际交换生 A inspired inspiring B inspired inspired C inspiring inspired D inspiring inspiring 11 The glass cup was by John A breaking broken B breaking breaking C broken broken D broken breaking 12 The film was so that all of us were to tears A moved moving B moving moved C moving moving D moved moved 13 Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour A pay B paying C paid D to pay 1 A Nobody was in the story he told interested interesting B The story he told was very interested interesting 2 A Everybody was to hear the news excited exciting B The news is very indeed excited exciting 3 A The result of the test was rather disappointed disappointing B He was very at the result of the test disappointed disappointing 4 A What he said was very amused amusing B I was very at the sight amused amusing 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 1 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 单个过去分词 及物动词和不及物动词 单个过去分词 及物动词和不及物动词 作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前 过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后 它的作用相当于一个定语从句 如 Polluted air and water are harmful to people s health The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital Is this the book bought by the teacher All the broken windows All the windows that were broken have been repaired In autumn there are many fallen leaves many leaves that have fallen on the ground 注意注意 1 某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语 例如 There is no time left 2 如果被修饰的词是由 every some any no thing body one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等时 即使一个单一的分词作形容词用 也要放在被修饰词的后面 Is there anything unsolved 还有没解决的问题吗 There is noting changed here since I left this town 仿照以上例句转换下列句子 1 The book which was written in 1957 tells the life of the farmers 2 Most of the people who were invited to the conference were my old friends Exercises in class 1 Most of the people to the party were famous scientists A invited B to invited C being invited D inviting 2 The computer centers last year is very popular among the students in this school A to use B used C using D uses 3 Jones and Smith came in by their wives A following B to follow C and followed D followed 4 I don t know the girl in the snow storm A to catch B caught C catching D to be catching 5 The girl down by a car was dying A knock B knocking C knocked D to knock 6 The foreign guests by an interpreter came out of the hall A following B to follow C followed D to be followed 7 The problem so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere A having been settled B Settle C be settled D settled 8 The children at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill A to examine B examined C examine D examining 9 The managers will again discuss the plan last week A carried out B carrying out C carry out D to carry out 10 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games 2006 年北京卷 A add B to add C adding D added 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补 He can t make himself understood by us I heard the song sung in English I wish my homework to be finished before five o clock 过去分词作为宾语补足语过去分词作为宾语补足语 1 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类 1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词表示感觉或心理状态的动词 如如 see watch observe look at hear listen to feel notice think 等等 I heard the song sung in English 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌 He found his hometown greatly changed 他发现他的家乡变化很大 2 表示表示 致使致使 意义的动词意义的动词 如如 have make get keep leave 等等 I ll have my hair cut tomorrow 明天我要理发 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday 他昨天把牙拔了 Don t leave those things undone 要把那些事情做完 3 表示思维活动的动词如表示思维活动的动词如 consider know think 等后 如 等后 如 I consider the matter settled 我认为这件事解决了 I thought myself misunderstood somehow in the talk 4 表示爱憎表示爱憎 意愿的动词如意愿的动词如 want wish like hate 等后 等后 I wanted two tickets reserved 我要预定两张机票 He didn t wish it mentioned 他不愿这事被提起 注意注意 过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系 特殊 特殊 5 with 宾语宾语 过去分词过去分词 的结构 独立主格结构 的结构 独立主格结构 1 The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind his back 凶手被带进来了 他的双手被绑在背后 2 With water heated we can see the steam 水一被加热 我们就会看到水蒸气 3 With the matter settled we all went home 事情得到解决 我们都回家了 4 She stood in front of him with her eyes fixed on his face 她站在他面前 眼睛注视着他 5 He stood for an instant with his hand still raised 他仍然举着手站了一会儿 注意注意 在这一结构中 当宾语为某一身体部位 且作宾补的动词是及物动词时 身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语 因而过去分词不可换 用现在分词 例如 二 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1 及物动词及物动词 短语短语 的过去分词用作宾语补足语时 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻 辑上的被动关系被动关系 I want the letter posted 我想把这封信寄出去 He had his money stolen 2 少数不及物动词少数不及物动词如 go change fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时 仅表示动作完成表示动作完成 不存在逻辑上的被动关系 She found her necklace gone on her way home 在回家的路上她发现项链不见了 He had his leg broken 3 动词 seat hide dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般不表示被动的意义 相当于表语 因此 虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系 但 也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语 When I came in I found a strange girl seated in the corner 练习 1 The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 2 Mr Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again A it B it repaired C repaired D to be repaired 3 In the past few years we have had thousands of trees around our school A plant B planted C planting D being planted 4 She was glad to see her child well care of A take B to be taken C taken D To take 5 He found them at a table A sat to play chess B sitting to play chess C seated playing chess D seat play the chess 8 I can make you what I say but you can t make yourself in English A understand understand B understand understood C to understand understand D understand to be understood 9 The girl asked him not to leave the door A to close B closed C to be closed D closing 10 I have often heard the ABC Song but I have never heard Alice it A to be sung to sing B being sung sang C sung sing D sang singing 11 I have had my bike and I m going to have somebody my radio tomorrow A repair to repair B repairing to be repaired C repaired repair D to repair repairing 过去分词作为状语过去分词作为状语 1 过去分词作状语所表示的意义 1 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作 过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作 过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在 被动关系 被动关系 the right kind of training these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars 2009 江西卷 A Giving B Having given C To give D Given 2 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态 这样的过去分词及短语常见的有 lost 迷路 seated 坐 hidden 躲 dressed in 穿着 stationed 驻扎 lost absorbed in 沉溺于 born 出身于 tired of 厌烦 由某些动词后面加 ed 转化来的形容词也具有此用法 如 frightened satisfied tired disappointed 等 Surprised at what had happened Tom didn t know what to do 汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶 以至于不知如何是好 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didn t hear the sound 因为沉溺于思考之中 所以他没听到那个声音 高考链接 2 and short of breath Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai 2009 浙江卷 A To be tried B Tired C Tiring D Being tired B 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点 一 过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 此时应注意人称一致 一 过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 此时应注意人称一致 1 Grown in rich soil these seeds can grow fast 种在肥沃的土壤里 这些种子能长得很快 2 not to miss the flight at 15 20 the manager set out for the airport in a hurry 2009 福建卷 A Reminding B Reminded C To remind D Having reminded 3 Given another hour I can also work out this problem given 为过去分词作 状语 它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I 即 I 被再给一个小时 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us seen 为过去 分词作状语 表 被看 它的逻辑主语必须是城市 而不是 我们 因为 我们 应 主动看城市 4 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 因为淋了一场大雨 所以他全身湿透了 重点 重点 分词在句子中作状语 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致 使用何种分词 要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系 主谓关系用现在分 词 动宾或被动关系用过去分词 比较 Seen from the sky our city is very beautiful our city 与 see 之间是被动关系 Seeing from the sky we find our city is very beautiful we 与 see 之间是主谓关系 二二 过去分词作状语的位置过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语 后面有逗号与主句隔开 也可放在主句后面 前面有逗号与主句隔开 He stood there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 他静静地站在那里 被感动得热泪盈眶 三三 过去分词短语作状语时 它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致 如果过去分词作状语时 前面再加逻辑主语 主句的主语就不再是分 词的逻辑主语 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构独立主格结构 如 More time given to us we should have done the job much better 如果给我们更多的时间 我们会把工作做得更好 The children went home from the grammar school their lessons for the day 2007 重庆卷 A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished Signal given the bus started 信号一发出 汽车就开动了 the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语 因此主句主语 the bus 就不是 given 的逻辑主语 Head held high she went by 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去 her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语 因此主句主语 she 就不再是 held high 的逻辑主语 四四 改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词保留连词 构成 连词 过去分词 结构作状语 根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词 be 时 可省略从句主语和动词 be 的原则 可把状语从句变换为 连词 过去分词 结构 常用的连词有 if unless when as once even if even though as if though although 等 When given a medical examination you should keep calm 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定 I won t attend his birthday party unless invited unless I am invited 除非被邀请 否则我不去参加他的生日晚会 Every evening after dinner if not from work I will spend some time walking my dog 2009 湖南卷 A being tired B tiring C tired D to be tired 练习题 1 more attention the tree could have grown better A G