英语语言学形态学复习资料

1 ChapterChapter 3 3 MorphologyMorphology I Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False 1 Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed 2 Words are the smallest meaningful units of language 3 Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology 4 The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes 5 Bound morphemes include two types roots and affixes 6 Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number tense degree and case 7 The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem which can be a bound root a free morpheme or a derived form itself 8 Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word not the meaning of it 9 There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word Therefore words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words 10 Phonetically the stress of a compound always falls on the first element while the second element receives secondary stress II Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given 11 M is the smallest meaningful unit of language 12 The affix ish in the word boyish conveys a g meaning 13 B morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes either free or bound to form a word 14 Affixes are of two types inflectional affixes and d affixes 15 D affixes are added to an existing form to create words 16 A s is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech 17 C is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words 18 The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m rules 19 In terms of morphemic analysis d can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words 20 A s can be a bound root a free morpheme or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added III III ThereThere areare fourfour choiceschoices followingfollowing eacheach statement statement MarkMark thethe choicechoice thatthat cancan bestbest completecomplete thethe statement statement 21 The morpheme vision in the common word television is a n A bound morpheme B bound form C inflectional morpheme D free morpheme 2 22 The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold This indicates that the meaning of a compound A is the sum total of the meaning of its components B can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C is the same as the meaning of a free phrase D None of the above 23 The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of A the first element B the second element C either the first or the second element D both the first and the second elements 24 are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes either free or bound to form a word A Free morphemes B Bound morphemes C Bound words D Words 25 is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed A Syntax B Grammar C Morphology D Morpheme 26 The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is A lexical B morphemic C grammatical D semantic 27 Bound morphemes are those that A have to be used independently B can not be combined with other morphemes C can either be free or bound D have to be combined with other morphemes 28 modify the meaning of the stem but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word A Prefixes B Suffixes C Roots D Affixes 29 are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists A Words B Morphemes C Phonemes D Sentences 30 s in the word books is A a derivative affix B a stem C an inflectional affix D a root IV IV DefineDefine thethe followingfollowing terms terms 31 morphology 32 inflectional morphology 33 derivational morphology 34 morpheme 35 free morpheme 36 bound morpheme 37 root 38 affix 39 prefix 40 suffix 41 derivation 42 Compounding V Answer the following questions 43 What are the main features of the English compounds 3 44 Discuss the types of morphemes with examples I Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False l Tl T 2 F2 F 3 T3 T 4 T4 T 5 T5 T 6 T6 T 7 T7 T 8 F8 F 9 F9 F 10 T10 T II II Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given 11 Morpheme 12 grammatical 13 Bound 14 derivative 15 Derivative 16 suffix 17 Compounding 18 morphological 19 derivation 20 stem III III ThereThere areare fourfour choiceschoices followingfollowing eacheach statement statement MarkMark thethe choicechoice thatthat cancan bestbest completecomplete thethe statement statement 2l D 22 D 23 B 24 B 25 C 26 C 27 D 28 A 29 B 30 C IV Define the following terms 31 Morphology Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed 32 inflectional morphology The inflectional morphology studies the inflections 33 derivational morphology Derivational morphology is the study of word formation 34 Morpheme It is the smallest meaningful unit of language 35 free morpheme Free morphemes are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves or in combination with other morphemes 36 bound morpheme Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes either free or bound to form a word 37 Root A root is often seen as part of a word it can never stand by itself although it bears clear definite meaning it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word 38 Affix Affixes are of two types inflectional and derivational Inflectional affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories while derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word 39 Prefix Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem but they usually do not change the part of speech of the original word 40 Suffix Suffixes are added to the end of the stems they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech 41 Derivation Derivation is a process of word formation by which derivative affixes are added to an existing form to create a word 42 Compounding Compounding can be viewed as the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words V Anwser the following questions 43 What are the main features of the English compounds Orthographically a compound can be written as one word two separate words with or without a hyphen in between Syntactically the part of speech of a compound is determined by the last element 4 Semantically the meaning of a compound is idiomatic not calculable from the meanings of all its components Phonetically the word stress of a compound usually falls on the first element 44 Discuss the types of morphemes with examples Free morphemes They are the independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves for example book in the word bookish Bound morphemes They are those that cannot be used independently but have