中考英语复习专题9：动词

中考四中考四轮轮复复习习第一第一轮轮 专题专题 9 动词动词 动词就是用来描述主语的动作行为或者状态的词 动词在句子中作谓语 是句子中不可缺少的成分 1 动词的分类动词的分类 根据动词的意义以及在句子中的功能 动词可分为实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 1 实意动词实意动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词 按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词 不及物动词本身意义完整 后面不用再跟宾语 及物动词本身意义不完整 其后要跟宾语才能表达完整的意义 e g I like the novel very much My father works in a TV Station 注意注意 用的动词即可以作及物动词 也可以作不及物动词 e g The bird can fly 此时 fly 作不及物动词 表示飞行 They are flying lites 此时 fly 是及物动词 表示放飞 2 系动词系动词 系动词就是指连系主语和表语的动词 主要用于说明主语的身份 性质 特征和状态 系动词只有主动形式 常见的系动词有 be 动词am is are 感官动词sound taste smell feel look 表示 变化 的系动词 become go come turn grow get fall 等 表示 状态 的系动词 keep stay remain 等 e g She is beutiful Your idea sounds great The cake tastes nice Everyone body wants to stay in healthy 3 助动词助动词 助动词本身没有意义 不能单独用作谓语 只能和实义动词在一起构成谓语动词 表示时态 语态 语气等特 征 主要的助动词有 be do have shall will 等 be 具体形式有 am is are was were 帮助构成现在进行时 过 去进行时以及被动语态 have 具体形式有 have has had 帮助构成现在完成以及过去完 成时 do具体形式有 do does did 帮助构成否定句 疑问句等 will shall 帮助构成将来时的结构 shall 仅用于主语是第一人称时 will 可以用于各种失态中 e g My mother was reading a newspaper at nine o clock last night The trees are planted every year I have finished my homework Do you often go to the movies on weekend We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow 4 情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法 情态动词本身有意义 但不能独立作谓语 需要与主要 动词一起构成谓语 初中阶段我们学到的情态动词有 can表示 能力 可以用在否定句中表示推测 may 表示 许可 语气比较委婉 可以用在肯定句中表推测 肯定语气小于 must must 表示 必须 语气比较强烈 还可用在肯定句中表示推 测 肯定的语气很强 have to 强调受客观原因所迫不得已而不得不做的事情 主要是第 三人称单数时 要用 has to have to 变为否定句或者疑问 句时要借助于助动词 do does could could 既是 can 的过去时 本身也是情态动词 语气比较 委婉 shall 用于表示征求对方意见时 语气比较委婉 多和第一人称 搭配 should表示 应该 否定形式为 shouldn t 不应该 need 可以用作情态动词 还可以用作实义动词 need to do sth 需要做某事 had better 后跟动词原形 had better do sth 最好做某事 had better not do sth 为否定形式 e g Can you give me some suggestions May I come in In Englandtraffic must keep to the left He has to pass an examination before he can start work 注意注意 Must I 提问的时候肯定回答用 Yes you must 否定回答用 No you needn t 情态动词表推测时的用法情态动词表推测时的用法 must 在肯定句中表示推测 语气比 may 强烈 可译成 一定 肯定 may 用在肯定句中表示推测 语气比 must 弱 可译成 可能 也许 can 用在否定句中表示推测 形式为 can t 可译成 不可能 2 动词短语动词短语 情态动词表情态动词表 推测的用法推测的用法 由两个或者两个以上的词构成额短语 相当于一个动词 这就是短语动词 常见的短语动词有以下的几种形式 动词 介词 look at 看 laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指着 worry about 担忧 ask for 请求 hear from 收到某人来信 动词 副词 put off 推迟 put out 熄灭 pick up 捡起 turn off 关闭 grow up 长大 look out 当心 stay up 熬夜 动词 名词 介词 make friends with 和某人交朋友 give one s life to 献身于 动词 副词 介词 stay away from 远离 get along with 进展 相处 动词 介词 名词 go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 keep in touch 保持联系 3 非谓语动词非谓语动词 我们把在句子当中起名词 形容词或副词作用 充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词 二 非谓语动词共分为三种 1 动词不定式 to 动词原形 可用作名词 形容词或副词 2 现在分词和过去分词 现在分词由 动词原形 ing 构成 过去分词有 动词原形 ed 构成 注意不规则变化 可用作形容词或副词 现在分词 表主动 进行 过去分词 表被动 完成 3 动名词 动名词由 动词原形 ing 构成 可用作名词或形容词 三 非谓语动词的作用 不定式不定式 1 作主语 it 做形式主语 注意 for of sb 区别 It s very exciting to have a Chinese friend It s important to eat a balanced diet It takes about 25 minutes to walk It s very hard for him to study two languages It s very nice of you to help me 2 作宾语 总结后接不定式做宾语的动词 ask decide expect learn manage pretend plan refuse want I want to learn about art These children may find it hard to think for themselves 3 作表语 Perhaps one of the most polite ways is to ask someone Would you mind doing this or Would you mind not doing that 4 作定语 主语表语宾语定语状语宾补 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 Bridge Street is a good place to have fun Let me tell you the way to my house Would you like something to drink want to do sth 想要做某事 would like love to do sth 想要做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 promise to do sth 承诺做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 警告某人做某事 ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 5 作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带 to 的动词不定式作补语 有的动词后接不带 to 的动词不定式 help 后可以接 do 也可以接 to do 1 能以带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有 ask allow tell invite wish want encourage advise persuade order 等 2 用不带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有 see hear watch notice observe listen to look at feel let have make 等 但是 这类句子变为被动语态时 不定式符号 to 仍保留 My mother wants me to drink it 6 作目的状语 常用结构为 to do in order to do 例如 He ran so fast to catch the first bus I come here to say good bye to you 7 与特殊疑问词构成复合宾语 decide find out forget know learn remember wonder 等动词常接 疑问词 动词不定式 这个结构 用作宾语 疑问词一般是 what who m where how whether why which I don t know where to go He can t decide what to buy We wonder how to deal with it 不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式 My mother always tells me not to stay out late too to 太 以至于不能 动名词动名词 1 动名词作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 Eating dangshen and huangqi herbs is also good for this Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous 2 动名词作宾语 总结 enjoy practice end up finish consider keep be busy stand imagine mind hold on to thanks for be used to prefer to pay attention to be good at look forward to have difficulty in have trouble in have confidence in Do you mind opening the window My father enjoys watching TV 备注 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语 也可以用不定式作直接宾语 两者有着截然不同的意义 1 like love prefer hate 等表示喜爱 厌恶 偏好的情感动词 后跟不定式表示 仅一时的爱憎情感或指特 定或具体某次行为 后跟动名词表示 抽象性的一种倾向 爱好或习惯性的动作 2 动词 remember forget stop go on try can t help 等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语 但表达的意思却 不同 与动词不定式连用时 表示未完成的动作 例如 remember 后用动名词表示 记起过去做过的一件事 后用动词不定式表示 记住要去做某一件事情 3 动词 need want require 以及 be worth 之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思 相当于不定式的被动语态 My hair needs cutting finish doing sth 结束做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 forget doing sth 忘记做某事 consider doing sth 考虑做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 现在分词现在分词 1 现在分词作后置定语 表示动作正在发生 与被修饰词是主谓关系 Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood 2 现在分词作表语 My hobby is collecting old coins 3 现在分词作宾补 see hear watch notice observe listen to look at I saw they playing football on the playground yesterday 4 现在分词作状语 弱化讲解 程度不好的班级可以不讲 过去分词过去分词 1 过去分词作定语 与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成含有被动意义 David Smith of North London has a pot bellied pig named Connie 2 被动语态由 be 动词过去分词构成 When was it invented 3 过去完成时由 had 动词过去分词构成 By the time I got outside the bus had already left 四 中考非谓语动词常考考点 1 it 作形式主语 宾语的用法 2 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法 3 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用 4 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to 但变为被动语态时就要带 to 5 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词 ing 形式作宾语 但表达的意思不同 练习题练习题 1 It s important the piano well 2009 徐州 A Of him to play B for him to play C of him playing D for him playing 2 Are you enjoying in Changsha Yes I am Very much A to live B living C lives D lived 3 Please stop a rest if you feel tired A to have B having C have D has 4 Could you give us a hand please Sure What would you like me A do B does C to do D doing 5 So much work usually makes him very tired A to feel B feels C feeling D feel 6 Would you please tell me next Think it over You ll find a good way 2008 沈阳 A When to do B how to do C what to do D where to do 7 Many people think it s very important us learn English well 贵阳 A for to B to to C with for 8 Betty is often seen the old man with his housework 咸宁 A help B to help C helped D helps 9 Linda I am very thirsty Let s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks OK 重庆 A buy B bought C to buy D buying I 按照所给单词的适当形式填空 1 He likes play soccer this is his hobby 2 She prefers dance to sing a solo 3 I am feeling sick I don t feel like eat or drinking anything 4 She dislikes eat meat she wants to be slim 苗条 5 Mrs Greens hates travel by air She always falls asleep during the flight 6 Schoolboys enjoy play computer games while schoolgirls enjoy chat online 7 Would you mind take these exercise books to the teachers office for me 8 He started learn Chinese Kungfu at the age of five 9 Have you finished copy the new words on the vocabulary list 10 The pianist practices play the piano every night 11 When the teacher came in students all stopped talk 12 The kids are having fun make model planes 13 Jim had trouble learn Chinese 14 swim is far more comfortable than run in hot summer II 动词不定式 1 What do you want be when you grow up 2 He told the boys not play soccer on the road 3 Tony asked his grandpa give him a toy car for his birthday 4 He decided make decisions by himself from now on 5 The workers plan build the bridge in two years 6 I am really sorry hear that 7 Would you like something drink 8 We re looking for somewhere have fun 9 I have no idea which way choose 10 I don t know what say and how do 11 It took them half an hour reach the hotel 12 The tea is too hot drink 13 He used be a police officer so he was supposed face the danger and challenge every day 14 Let me have a look at your photos 一 用 can may must need have to had better 的适当形式填空 1 You return the library book on time 2 I not find the way to the hospital you show me the way 3 I finish the work right now No you not You do it later 4 He said he not come tonight 5 Her mother was ill She stay at home and look after her 6 It s time for class You stop playing football or you be late for class 7 We start right now or they would get there first 8 The cloud is lifting so it not be a rainy day tomorrow 二 选择填空 1 Excuse me Will you please tell me the way to the railway station Oh sorry but I don t know You go and ask that policeman A may B must C would D should 2 John come to see us tonight but he isn t very sure yet A may B can C has to D must 3 This book Lucy s Look Her name is on the book s cover A can t be B may be C mustn t be D must be 4 I finish the work today No you A Must can t B Must needn t C May needn t D Can mustn t 5 we ask you some questions Sure go ahead A Will B Shall C Must D Need 6 You must come back every month Yes I A must B should C will D can 7 Where is Tom He hasn t come to school today I think he be ill A has to B had better C can D must 8 What s the time now It s still early You worry about the time A may not B don t have to C can t D don t need 9 I visit Lucy on Sunday Mum Yes you A Must can B May may C Need need D May need 10 Computers process difficult problems very quickly A can B must C should D need 单项选择 1 Lily is upset these days Do you know how to her A cheer up B cheer on C pick up D put away 2 Please these test papers to each student A give off B give out C give up D give in 3 All the students must your homework before ten o clock or you will be punished A hand out B hand in C hand over D hand on 4 Would you please the music a little Lily I am learning English A turn up B turn down C turn off D turn on 5 Attention please The plane will in a minute Every passenger please fasten 系 your safety belt A take up B take off C take over D take down 6 This math problem is very difficult so I can t it A work out B point out C set up D try on 7 If you don t know the meaning of the word you can it in the dictionary A look up B look into C make up D dress up 8 The old man cancer at last A died from B died of C goes through D ends with 9 What does your mother She is tall and beautiful A look after B look like C look at D look for 10 I don t know how to my sad feeling Can you help me A do with B deal with C run after D go over 11 I my English teacher this mor