中考英语-简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

1 简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 一 句子成份 英语句子成分有主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语等 顺序一般是主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 而表语 定语 状语的位置要根据情况而定 1 主语 主语 表示句子主要说明的人或事物 一般位于句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问句 当主语不疑问词时 和倒装句中 主语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化 的形容词和主语从句等表示 例如 CountryCountry musicmusic has become more and more popular 名词 WeWe often speak English in class 代词 One thirdOne third of the students in this class are girls 数词 ToTo swimswim in the river is a great pleasure 不定式 SmokingSmoking does harm to the health 动名词 TheThe richrich should help the poor 名词化的形容词 WhenWhen wewe areare goinggoing toto havehave anan EnglishEnglish testtest has not been decided 主语从句 ItIt is necessary toto mastermaster a a foreignforeign languagelanguage it 作形式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 2 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 状态或特征 可以有不同的时态 语态和语气 1 简单谓语 We studystudy for the people 2 复合谓语 I cancan speakspeak a little English We areare readingreading books He hashas gonegone to Beijing 3 表语 它位于系动词 比如 be 之后 说明主语身份 特征 属性或状态 My sister is a a nursenurse Is it yoursyours 代词 The weather has turned coldcold 形容词 The speech is exciting exciting 分词 Three times seven is twentytwenty oneone 数词 His job is toto teachteach EnglishEnglish 不定式 His hobby 爱好 is playingplaying footballfootball 动名词 The ruler mustmust bebe in your box 介词短语 Time is upup The class is overover 副词 The truth is thatthat hehe hashas nevernever beenbeen abroadabroad 表语从句 4 宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象 跟在及物动词之后 We like EnglishEnglish How many dictionaries do you have I have fivefive 数词 They helped thethe oldold with their housework yesterday 名词化形容词 It began toto rainrain 不定式短语 I enjoy listeninglistening toto popularpopular musicmusic 动名词短语 I think thatthat hehe isis fitfit forfor hishis office office 宾语从句 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语 往往一个指人 一个指物 指人的叫间接宾语 指物的叫直接宾语 He gave meme somesome inkink 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语 意思才完整 宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语 如 We make himhim ourour monitomonitor 班长 5 宾补 就是宾语补足语 就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him DongmingDongming 名词 They painted 涂漆 their boat whitewhite 形容词 Let the fresh 新鲜的 air inin 副词 You mustn t force him toto lendlend hishis moneymoney toto you you 不定式短语 We saw her enteringentering thethe roomroom 现在分词 We found everything in the lab inin goodgood orderorder 介词短语 6 定语 在句中修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分叫定语 He is a a newnew student 但副词 动词不定式 介词短语等作定语时 则放在被修饰的词之后之后 The bike inin thethe room overroom over there there is mine 2 Guilin is a beautifulbeautiful city 形容词 China is a developingdeveloping 发展中 发展中 country America is a developeddeveloped 发达 发达 country 分词 There are thirty womenwomen teachers is our school 名词 HisHis progress 进步 in English made us surprised 代词 Our monitor 班长 is always the first toto enterenter thethe classroomclassroom 不定式短语 He is reading an article 文章 aboutabout howhow toto learnlearn EnglishEnglish 介词短语 7 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词以及全句的句子成分 叫做状语 状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句 尾 副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首 He lives inin LondonLondon Light travels mostmost quicklyquickly 副词及副词性词组 He has lived in the city forfor tenten yearsyears 介词短语 He is sorry toto trouble trouble 麻烦麻烦 youyou 不定式短语 He is in the room makingmaking a a modelmodel plane plane 分词短语 OnceOnce 一旦 一旦 0 0 youyou beginbegin you must continue 状语从句 状语种类如下 状语种类如下 How about meeting again atat sixsix 时间状语 Last night she didn t go to the dance party becausebecause ofof thethe rainrain 原因状语 I shall go there ifif itit doesn tdoesn t rainrain 条件状语 Mr Smith lives onon thethe thirdthird floorfloor 地点状语 She put the eggs into the basket withwith greatgreat carecare 方式状语 She came in withwith a a dictionarydictionary inin herher handhand 伴随状语 InIn orderorder toto catchcatch upup withwith thethe othersothers I must work harder 目的状语 He was so tired thatthat hehe fellfell asleepasleep immediatelyimmediately 结果状语 She works very hard thoughthough sheshe isis oldold 让步状语 I am taller thanthan hehe isis 比较状语 一 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 His job is to train swimmers 5 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 6 His wish is to become a scientist 7 Hewants to finish the work in time 8 Tom came to ask me for advice 建议 9 He found it important to master English 10 Do you have anything else to say 11 Would you please tell me your address 12 He sat there reading a newspaper 13 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy 14 He noticed 注意到 a man enter the room 15 The apples tasted sweet 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂 但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式 这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子 换言之 绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的 这五个基本句式如下 S 十 V 主谓结构 主语 不及物动词 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 判断类型和句子成分 She came She likes English She is happy 3 The teacher asked me to read the passage She bought a book for me She gave John a book My head aches She makes her mother angry The sun was shining The moon rose They talked for half an hour 他们谈了半个小时 The dinner smells good 午餐的气味很好 Everything looks different 一切看来都不同了 He is growing tall and strong 他长得又高又壮 His face turned red 他的脸红了 Who knows the answer 谁知道答案 He enjoys reading 他喜欢看书 I want to have a cup of tea 我想喝杯茶 He bought you a dictionary She ordered herself a new dress 她给自己定了一套新衣裳 She cooked her husband a delicious meal 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔 I showed him my pictures I gave my car a wash 我洗了我的汽车 He showed me how to run the machine 他教我开机器 What makes him think so 他怎么会这样想 The children are playing happily The Greens enjoy living in China He became a famous doctor 他成为了一名著名的医生 The apple pie tastes really delicious 苹果派吃起来真是好吃 基本句型一 基本句型一 S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词 appear apologize arrive come die disappear fall happen rise 1 学生们学习很努力 基本句型二基本句型二 S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构常见的系动词有 be 是 get 变得 become 成为 turn 变得 look 看起来 feel 感到 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 sound 听起来 seem 似乎 A 表示状态的连系动词 这些词有 be look seem appear smell taste sound keep remain 等等 8 We should any time 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静 9 这种食物尝起来很糟糕 B 表示转变或结果的系动词 这些词有 become get grow turn go come prove 等等 如 10 Spring comes It is 春天到了 天气变得越来越暖和 11 Don t have the food 不要吃那种食物 它已经变质了 基本句型三基本句型三 S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 13 我昨天看了一部电影 16 They have of the children 这些孩子他们照看得很好 基本句型四基本句型四 S S 十十 V V 十间接宾语十间接宾语 人 十直接宾语十直接宾语 物 结构结构 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有 bring give hand lend offer pass pay read sell send show teach tell wish write 等 间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有 buy choose make order paint play 演奏 sing 等 18 Yesterday her father as a birthday present 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物 19 The old man in the Long March 正在给孩子们讲故事 4 这种句型还可转换为 动词动词 直接宾语直接宾语 for for toto sb sb 20 Please show me your picture Please 请把你的画 给我看一下 I the salt I the salt 我把书递给他 基本句型五基本句型五 S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是 动词虽然是及物动词 但是只 跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语 call 叫 choose 选 find 发现 make name 命名 22 Keep please 请让孩子们安静下来 23 They painted 他们把门漆成绿色 We must 我们必须保持我们的学校洁 He asked me soon 他要我早点回来 24 我们发现他是一个懒惰的人 注意 动词 have make let see hear notice feel watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时 不带 to 如 25 The boss all day 迫使他劳动 We saw 他出去 考点突破训练考点突破训练 1 I am sorry to have kept you A to wait B wait C waited D waiting 2 I felt somebody me A touch B touched C to touch D touches 3 He taught me speak English A how should B how C how can I D how to 4 I shall make your dream A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true 5 He told home A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6 I think a good habit to get up early A this B it C that D its 7 Roses in bloom smell A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness 1 The weather A wet and cold B is wet and coldC not wet and coldD were wet and cold 2 The apple tasted A sweets B sweetly C nicely D sweet 3 He got up yesterday morning A lately B late C la