人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结

1 人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar 一 单词与词组 Join 表示 参加 加入 此处指参加社团或组织 成为其中的成员 Join the army 参军 join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会 Join the art sports music English chess club 参加体育 音乐 英语 象棋俱乐部 乐器类 the play the guitar the violin the drums the piano 非乐器类 the play soccer basketball volleyball football tennis badminton 英式足球 篮球 排球 英式足球 美式橄榄球 网球 羽毛球 Be good at sth doing sth 擅长做某事 Be good with 与 相处得好 Be good to 对 友好 be friendly to Be good for 对 有好处 Like to do sth 特指某一次的动作 like doing sth 强调经常性的爱好 两者都表示喜 欢做某事 在仅仅表达 喜欢 时两者可以通用 Tell Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb sth to do sth not to do sth 告诉某人某事 不要做某 事 Help Help sb to do sth help sb with sth help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 Help yourself sb to sth 把某物 尤其是指食物 饮料等 拿给自己 某人 can t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 Call at 用于打某人的电话 e g Call Mr Brown at 293 7742 Home 1 表示动态概念 意思是 回家 到家 前面不加介词 这里的 home 是副词 表示目的地 e g 1 When do you go home every day 你每天什么时候回家 2 He drives home after work 他下班的开车回家 3 She often does some shopping on his way home 她经常在回家途中买些东西 2 at home 表示静态概念 意思是 在家 这里的 home 是名词 表示具体地点 e g 1 Is she at home 她在家吗 2 He left his book at home 他把书放在家里了 Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家 Also 也 而且 较正式 用于肯定句 紧跟动词 e g I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese 我能说英文也能说中文 Too 多用于口语 放在句末 E g Me too Either 多用于否定句 放在句末 E g He hasn t finished either 他也没有完成 play 也 2 Show sb sth show sth To sb 展示给某人看 Show time 作秀时间 表演开始 talk show 脱口秀 美国脱口秀节目 Unit 2 What time do you go to school 时间连词 when while 当 时 then 然后 after that 在那之后 at 时间点 sb do sth at about 时间点 for breakfast lunch dinner 睡觉 go to bed go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap 午休 小睡一会儿 反 get up 起床 Time 表时间 不可数 表次数 可数 Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候 系动词 It tastes smells looks sounds feels 尝起来 闻起来 看起来 听起来 摸起来 含被 动意味 但不能用被动语态 tastes smells looks sounds feels like 尝起来 闻起来 看起来 听起来 摸起来像 either or 二选一 neither nor 两者都不 连接两个主语时 其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致 即 就 近原则 e g Either you or I am going there tomorrow 明天要么你去那里 要么我去那里 Neither dad nor mum is at home today 今天父母都不在家 Here 引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时 如主语是代词 不倒装 表位置 的副词放在句首时 如主语是名词 要用全部倒装 e g Here it is Here he comes 代词不倒装 Here is your ticket Here comes the bus 名词倒装 关于时间的问法 3 1 以 when 提问 什么时候 可以是较长的时间段 也可以是较短的时间点 When is your birthday 你的生日是什么时候 My birthday is Dec 29th 我的生日是 12 月 29 日 这里就是指一天的时间段 When do you go home 你几点回家 I go home at 4 30 p m 我下午 4 30 回家 这里 when 问的是具体的时间 2 具体几点我们通常用 what time 提问 What time is it now 现在几点了 or What s the time 几点了 It s 9 26 现在九点二十六 What time is it by your watch 你手表几点了 It s 8 36 Oh It s 50 minutes late 8 36 哦 它慢了 50 分钟 What time do you get up 你几点起床 I get up at 6 00 a m 我早上 6 点起床 Unit 3 How do you get to school many students 是单指学生数量多 侧重数量 many of the students 是指学生中很多一部分 强调部分 too 太 1 too much 意为 太多 不可数名词 动词 e g I had too much housework to do yesterday 昨天我有太多的家务活要干 She talks too much 她说话太多 4 much too 意思是 过分 太 隐含了过分而不恰当之意 much too 形容词或副 词 不 动词 e g The question is much too difficult 这道题太难了 You re walking much too fast 你走得太快了 2 too to 太 而不能 e g You are never too young to study 同 so that 太 以至于 e g The river runs too quickly for boats The river suns too quickly to row a boat The river runs so quickly that people can t row a boat to across the river Unit 4 Don t eat in class 一 词组一 词组 school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章 in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for 迟到 listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do 不得不做 too many 名词复数 too much 不可数名词 太多 by ten o clock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末 go to the children s palace 去少年宫 after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课 二 句型二 句型 1 Don t arrive late for class 2 We can t listen to music in the hallways but we can listen to it outside 3 What else do you have to do We have to clean the classroom 4 Can we wear hats in school Yes we can No we can t 5 Do you have to wear a uniform at school Yes we do No we don t 6 What are the rules at your school 7 重难点精析 祈使句 通常用来表示命令 请求 禁止 建议 警告等语气 它的主语 you 听话人 通 常省略 其构成通常有以下几种形式 Be 型 即系动词原型 be 表语 其他 如 5 Be quiet please 否定句 Don t be 表语 其他 如 Don t be angry Do 型 即系动词原形 宾语 其他 如 Open you books please 否定句 Don t 实义动词原形 宾语 其他 如 Don t eat in the classroom Let 型 即 Let 宾语 动词原形 其他 如 Let me help you Let s go at six o clock 否定句一般在宾语后加 not 如 Let not watch TV No V ing 型 此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中 意为 禁止做某事 如 No smoking 严禁吸烟 No talking 不许交谈 No passing 禁止通行 No parking 不许停车 Must 与 have to 1 must 表主观看法 主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要 e g My brother was very ill so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟 病得很厉害 我只得半夜里把医生请来 客观上需要做这件事 He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作 主观上要做这件事 2 have to 有人称 数 时态的变化 而 must 只有一种形式 3 在否定结构中 don t have to 表示 不必 mustn t 表示 禁止 e g You don t have to needn t 没必要 tell him about it 你不一定要把此事告诉他 You mustn t can t 不能 tell him about it 你一定不要把这件事告诉他 On time 准时 按时 In time 及时 迟早 e g We were just in time for to catch the bus 我们及时赶上了公车 The train pulled in on time 车准时到站 Unit 5 Why do you like pandas 一 词组 want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Kind kind of 有几分 种类 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 various of 6 like to do sth like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with 与 一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 二 句型与日常交际用语 1 why do you like pandas Why dose he like koalas Because they re kind of interesting 2 Why do you want to see the lions Because they re 3 Where are lions from Lions are from South Africa 4 What other animals do you like I like elephants 5 This is a symbol of good luck 的象征 6 Have a good memory like an elephant 形容记忆力好 7 How old are you What s your age I m ten years old I m ten 8 Do you like giraffes Yes I do No I don t make of 与 make from 由 组成 make of 看得出原材料 物理变化 make from 看不出原材料 化学变化 e g We must save trees and not by things made of ivory 象牙 The paper is made of wood The other others another other 的区别 1 other 可作形容词或代词 做形容词时 意思是 别的 其他 泛指 其他的 人或物 如 Do you have any other question s 你还有其他问题吗 Ask some other people 问问别人吧 Put it in your other hand 把它放在你另一只手里 2 the other 指两个人或物中的一个时 只能用 the other 不能用 another 此时的 other 作代词 如 He has two daughters One is a nurse the other is a worker 他有两 个女儿 一个是护士 另一个是工人 the other 后可加单数名词 也可加复数名词 此时的 other 作形容词 如 On the other side of the street there is a tall tree 在街 道的另一边 有一棵大树 Mary is much taller than the other girls 玛丽比其他的女 孩高得多 He lives on the other side of the river 他住在河的对岸 3 others 是 other 的复数形式 泛指 另外几个 其余的 在句中可作主语 宾语 如 Some of us like singing and dancing others go in for sports 我们一些人喜 欢唱歌和跳舞 其余的从事体育活动 Give me some others please 请给我别的东 西吧 There are no others 没有别的了 4 the others 意思是 其他东西 其余的人 特指某一范围内的 其他的 人或物 是 the other 的复数形式 如 Two boys will go to the zoo and the others will stay at home 两个男孩将去动物园 其余的留在家里 the others the other 复数名 词 这在第 2 条中已经有所介绍 5 another an other 既可作形容词 也可作代词 只能用于三个或更多的人或物 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的 另一个 只能代替或修饰单数可数名词 如 I don t like this one Please show me another 我不喜欢这一个 请给我看看另 一个 I have three daughters One is a nurse another is a teacher and another is a worker 7 我有三个女儿 一个是护士 另一个是教师 还有一个是工人 Let s do sth let s let us 让我们做 人称代词用宾格 Let s 之后跟动词原形 Let s see the panda 我们看熊猫吧 Let s go 我们走吧 Unit 6 I m watching TV 一 词组 do one s homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭 就餐 clean the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天 thanks for n doing 为某事感谢某人 go shopping swimming 去购物 游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在学校 in the tree 在树上 read newspaper a book 看报纸 看书 write a letter 写信 go to the movies go to the cinema watch a movie 看电影 take photos 拍照 wait for 等待 等候 TV show 电视节目 talk about 谈论 e g What are you talking about some of 中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和 一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first last photo 在第一张 最后一张照片 二 句型与日常交际用语 1 What be 主语 doing 正在做什么 主语 be doing 正在做某事 2 Here are is 例 Here are some of my photos Here is a photo of my family 3 Do you want to go to the movies Sure 4 When do you want to go Let s go at seven 5 Where do people play basketball At school 6 What s he waiting for He s waiting for a bus 7 What s he reading He s reading a newspaper 8 Can do 动词原形 可以 e g You can see my family at home 三 语法 现在进行时 1 现在在进行时的形式 助动词 be am is are 动词 ing 形式 也叫现在分词 表 示现在 说话的瞬间 正在进行或发生的动作 2 现在进行时的肯定句形式 主语 be am is are 动词现在分词 其他 例 I m watching TV 3 现在进行时的否定句形式 主语 be am is are not 动词现在分词 其他 例 They are not playing soccer 4 现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答 Is am are 主语 动词现在分词 其他 Yes 主语 is am are 8 No 主语 isn t aren t am not 例 Are you reading Yes I am No I am not 5 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词 is am are 主语 现在分词 其他 例 What is your brother doing Unit 7 It s raning 一 词组 play computer games 打电子游戏 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 in this heat 在酷暑中 in picture 在图片里 on vacation 度假 on the beach 在海边 around the world 世界各地 all over the world be surprised at sth sb 对某人或某人感到惊讶 be relaxed 放松 feel relaxed have a good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里 thank sb for doing sth 由于某事而感谢某人 some others 一些 另一些 a group of people 一群人 look at sb doing do sth 看某人正在做某事 做了某事 事情的全过程 everyone 后只接人不跟 of 相当于 everybody every one 后跟人或物 可跟 of e g Everyone is here 每个人都在这 Every one of the students likes the teacher 每位学生都很喜欢这个老师 二 句型 日常交际用语 1 How s the weather 地点 It s rainy It s cold and snowing 2 What s the weather like The weather there is very hot 3 How s it going with sb 某人最近怎样 How was your trip Great Not bad Terrible Pretty good 4 Thanks you for joining CCTV s Around the World show 5 Is Aunt Wang there Yes she is No she isn t 6 There are many people here on vacation 7 See you later See you soon 之后见 很快见 8 My phone isn t working 我的电话坏了 Unit 8 Is there a post office near there 一 词组 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在 隔壁 across from 在 对面 in front of 在 前面 between and 在 和 之间 on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right left 在右边 在左边 behind 在 后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near 在 附近 go straight 一直走 go down along 沿着 走 welcome to 欢迎 enjoy 名词 doing 喜欢做某事 have fun 过得愉快 on one s right left 在某人的右边 左边 turn right left 向右 左转 9 take a walk 散步 the way to 去 的路 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 take a taxi 打的 乘出租车 go through 穿过 have a good trip 旅途愉快 have a good time 玩的开心 过得愉快 arrive at 小地方 in 大地方 到达 at the beginning of 在 开始的时候 at the end of 在 结束的时候 hope to do sth that for sth 希望做某事 不可以用 hope sb to do sth help sb to do sth sb sth 帮助某人某事 in front of 与 in the front of 的区别 in front of 就是指在某物的前方 in the front of 是指在某物的内部靠前的地方 e g sit in the front of the classroom 指坐在教室前排的 sit in front of the classroom 指坐在教室前面 教室外面的前面 It cost sb st to do sth some moey sb spend time on sth in doing sth sb spend some money 花费时间 金钱做某事 二 句型 1 Is there a 句型 Eg Excuse me Is there a hotel in near the neighborhood Yes there is No there isn t 2 Where is 句型 Eg Where is the park please It s behind the bank 肯定回答 I m sorry I don t know 否定回答 3 Which is the way to 地点 句型 如 Which is the way to the library 4 How can I get to 地点 句型 如 How can I get to the restaurant 5 Can you tell me the way to 地点 Could you please tell me 句型 如 Can you tell me the way to the post office 6 Let me tell you the way to my house 7 Just go straight and turn left 三 日常交际用语 1 Is there a bank near here Yes there is It s on Centre Street No there isn t 2 Where s the supermarket It s next to the library 3 Bridge Street is a good place to have fun 4 I hope you have a good trip 5 If you are hungry you can buy food in the restaurant 6 Talk a walk though the park 7 I know you are arriving next Sunday 我知道你下周日要来 8 Time goes by time goes quickly 时间流逝 时间流逝得飞快 Unit 9 What dose he look like 10 一 词组一 词组 curly short straight long hair 卷 短 直发 of medium height build 中等高度 身体 a little bit 形容词 一点儿 a pop singer 一位流行歌手 be popular with sb 在 流行 not any more 不再 good looking 好看 wear glasses 戴眼镜 have a new look 呈现新面貌 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长 Nobody knows me 没有人认识我 二 句型二 句型 1 What does he look like He s really short He has short hair He is of medium build 2 Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five 3 She has beautiful long black hair I don t think he s so great 6 stop doing sth 表示停止正在干的事 如 He stop listening She never stops talking stop to do sth 表示停下来去做某事 如 He stops to listen 7 I can go shopping and nobody knows me 8 Is he tall or short He s of medium height 9 He has long straight brown hair 描述顺序 形状大小 long short 年龄 颜色 国籍 Unit 10 I d like some noodles 一 词组一 词组 would like n to do 想要 a large medium small bowl of 大碗 中碗 小碗 what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 what kind of 表示 的种类 a kind of 一种 some kind of 许多种 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁 不可数 three oranges 三个桔子 可数 some chicken 一些鸡肉 不可数 three chickens 三只小鸡 可数 gongbao chicken 宫爆鸡丁 mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍下 cut off 切断 cut out 切掉 二 句型二 句型 What kind of would you like 你想要 What size bowl of noodles would you like I like a small bowl of noodles We have large medium and small bowls I like dumplings I don t like noodles 三 日常交际用语三 日常交际用语 Can I help you What can I do for you May I take your order I d like some noodles please 11 What kind of noodles would you like I d like mutton and potato noodles Please Would you like a cup of green tea Yes please No thanks would like 后面还可以跟不定式 即 A would like to do sth 想要做某事 He would like to see you today B would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do If If 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 e g If he or she blows 从句 out all the candles in one go the wish will 主句 come true If it doesn t 从句 rain we will 主句 play basketball It it 作形式主语 结构 it be is was for sb to do sth 对某人来说 做某 事怎么样 e g It s getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday Unit 11 How was you weekend 一 词组一 词组 do some reading 阅读 study for the math test 准备 数学 考试 have a party do some sports 做运动 practice n doing 练习 what aout How about n doing 做什么怎么样 stay at home 呆家里 go to summer camp 去夏令营 go shopping 去购物 go to the beach pool 去沙滩 游泳 go to the mountains 去爬山 last month 上个月 three days ago 三天前 yesterday 昨天 the day before yesteday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 看管 look out for 留神 注意 look up 查 找 go for a walk 散步 in the morning afternoon evening 在早上 在下午 在晚上 on Sunday morning 在某个具体一天的上午 下午用介词 on play computer games 玩电脑游戏 spend money time on sth in doing sth 花费 做 watch sb do doing sth