2012年9月上海中级口译考试真题答案及解析

20122012 年年 9 9 月中级口译考试真题月中级口译考试真题 答案答案 解析 汇总版 解析 汇总版 Spot Dictation We all have problems and barriers that block our progress or prevent us from moving into new areas Our problems might include the fear of speaking in front of a group anxiety about math problems or the reluctance to sound silly trying to speak a foreign language It s natural to have problems and barriers but sometimes they limit our experience so much we get bored with life When that happens consider the following three ways of dealing with the problem or barrier One way is to pretend it doesn t exist Avoid it deny it and lie about it It s like turning your head the other way putting on a fake grin and saying See there s really no problem at all Everything is fine In addition to looking foolish this approach leaves the barrier intact and we keep bumping into it So a second approach is to fight the barrier to struggle against it This usually makes the barrier grow It increases the barrier s magnitude A person who is obsessed with weight might constantly worry about being fat He might struggle with it every day trying diet after diet And the more he struggles the bigger the problem gets The third alternative is to love the barrier Accept it Totally experience it Tell the truth about it Describe it in detail Applying this process is easier if you remember two ideas First loving a problem is not necessarily the same as enjoying it Love in this sense means total and unconditional acceptance Second unconditional acceptance is not the same as unconditional surrender Accepting a problem is different than giving up or escaping from it Rather this process involves escaping into the problem diving into it headfirst and getting to know it in detail Often the most effective solutions come when we face a problem squarely with eyes wide open then we can move through the problem instead of around it When you are willing to love your problems you drain them of much of their energy 评析 本文选自 Dave Ellis 的著作 Becoming a Master Student 其中的一个章节 Love your problems and experience your barriers 本文主要介绍了解决问题的三种办法 第一种是直接无视它 就当不存在 第二种是正视它 挑战它 第三种则是爱上困难 充分体验 然后又 给出两个观点 教你更容易地应用这些办法 总体而言 难度不大 文章选材方面还是比较中规中矩的 关于问题和困难的相关话题也是考生比较熟悉 的部分 词汇方面也没有什么难词偏僻词 考生应该不会感到太难 Statements Question1 Obviously Kell has been unhappy with her present job She works as a nurse but she would drop a teacher at a primary or secondary school Question2 We don t have enough information for our financial plan but it s due tomorrow I m afraid we ll just have to make do with what we have got Question3 There is more pressure than ever in the competitive job market to stand out from the crowd Continuing your education is one way to get that extra edge Question4 Our production supervisor warned John to punch in on time dress appropriately for the job and stop taking extra breaks Question5 The ability to work effectively with people from other countries is especially important if you plan a career in MMC management where international experience is an essential prerequisite Question6 Now it is common to find fast food restaurants everywhere These restaurants serve people who are too rushed to find time to eat a proper meal Question7 Makinen hit what appeared to be oil on the road and his car slammedinto a concrete barrier tearing the right rear wheel almost completely off his Mitsubishi Lancer Question8 One of the greatest public health successes has been the massive decline in smoking rates which are now translating into reduced deaths from cancer and heart disease Question9 In modern society private houses are not just places for people to live in Rich people have long viewed real estate as a suitable vehicle for their earnings Question10 You need to draw a vertical line two inches from the left edge of your note taking page With this line you still have six inches of space on the right to write down you notes 评析 1 此题描述对现在工作的不满和宁愿做的工作 重点在 but 后面 2 此题描述利用现在资源做经济计划的事 考生应注意 due 到期 以及 make do with 勉强应对 便可 知题意 3 此题描述如何应对就业压力大的一种方法 难点在 extra edge 额外的奖励或优势 4 此题描述主管对 John 的要求 找准三个并列动词就易于理解 5 此题描述什么情况下同外国人有效地工作很必要 题中有个从句 where 修饰 MMC 6 此题描述快餐店服务的人群 重点在第二句 fast restaurant 应为熟知单词 根据意思也能理解题意 7 此题描述 Makinen 撞车的原因和结果 难点是单词 concrete barrier 水泥栏杆 rear wheel 后轮 8 此题描述公众健康取得的一大成就 难点是要了解一些普通疾病的说法以及 death rate 死亡率 decline 下降 9 此题描述私人住宅不仅是用来居住的现状 real estate 不动产 vehicle 工具 媒介 10 此题描述划线的问题 掌握单词 vertical 垂直的 考生还应注意具体数字 Talks and Conversations 1 W Ah Bill have you got a minute M Yes but can you make it fast I m pretty busy W OK Ah I m sorry about this Bill I know you re busy but I ve got to go somewhere this afternoon Can I take the afternoon off M Oh come on Helen W But it s really important I mean it is really something urgent M Look I m sorry Helen but I can t I ve got two people off sick W Well how about a couple M Look we ve got to finish this report today The boss has been waiting in the office W I know that Bill How about just an hour M Yes all right I suppose so But next time I want a bit more warning Questions 11 Why did Helen want to talk to Bill 12 What is the relationship between the man and the woman 13 At last how long was Helen permitted to take her leave 14 What did Bill want Helen to do next time 解析 本篇属于情景对话 首先应当抓住关键词组 take off 请假 接下来就很好理解了 对话中女士因为下午 紧急要去某地向男士请假 但是男士一开始因为手上的报告必须要在今日之内完成交给老板而没有准假 之后女士告知实在佷重要 能否请一个小时的假 男士最终答应了 关键词 take off 请假 urgent adj 紧急的 warning adj 警告的 引以为戒的 Talks and Conversations 2 Hi welcome today I am going to talk about how children learn social behaviors Especially how they learn lessons from the family which is the most basic unit of our social structure There is a lot of discussion these days about how families are changing and whether non traditional families have a good or bad effect on children But it is important to remember that the type of family a child comes from is not nearly as important as the kind of love and support that exist in a home There are three ways by which children acquire their behavior through rewards punishments and finally modeling In today s lecture let s first discuss rewards A reward can be defined as a positive reinforcement for good behavior An example of a reward is when a parent says If you eat your vegetables you can have ice cream for dessert Or a parent might say Finish your homework first then you can watch TV Most parents use rewards unconsciously because they want their children to behave well For example a parent might give a gift to a child because the child behaved well Or parents may give a child money for doing what the parents asked Questions 15 What is discussed in the lecture 16 According to the talk what is more important for children to learn good social behaviors 17 There are three ways by which children acquire their behavior Which one is discussed in detail in the talk 18 Which of the following is not a positive reinforcement for good behavior 评析 本篇文章内容难度适中 虽然其中穿插长句子 但是问题答案都是文章中可以直接听出来的 举例说明能 帮助大家很好的理解内容 因此在听的时候 要有上下文的概念 前面如有长句没听懂 注意后面的例子 说明 全文的意思就一目了然了 本篇话题是 孩子如何学习社会行为 主要集中的讲的是家庭这个社会单元对孩子行为的影响 并且提 到孩子学习社会行为的三种方式 奖励 惩罚 模范 本课中主要讲的是 奖励 这种方式 关键词 Social behavior 社会行为 社交行为 Social structure 社会结构 Talks and Conversations 3 John Good morning Betty Do you know what the assignment is for our term paper in history Betty Sure John But weren t you in class on Monday That s when it was given out John No I missed that class Was there a handout Betty No the instructor just wrote the assignment on the board John Could I copy the assignment from your notes Betty You could if I had copied it all down but I just wrote down the part that I wanted John Oh no Betty You see there were four choices of topics for the term paper but when I saw them I knew which one I wanted so I didn t copy the others down John Can you remember any of the others Betty Let s see There was one about World War I something about it but I don t remember what And there was one called the idea of progress in the 19th century John And what was the last one Betty I can t remember My mind is a complete blank Maybe you could ask someone else John Yes I will Anyway those are certainly broad topics Betty Yes but you can focus on a special area within them Which one would you take John Of course I don t know what the last one is but of these three I think I d take the idea of progress Betty That s very abstract John Yes but it is one of my interests and I ve read a lot on the subject I ve never written a term paper on it though Betty Me neither I haven t even read about it Are you going to class on Wednesday John Yes Betty Maybe he ll write it on the board again John I hope so Good luck with your paper Betty Same to you Questions 19 How many topics did the teacher give for the term paper 20 How was the assignment given out by the instructor 21 Why can t John copy the assignment from Betty s notes 22 Why does John choose to write on the idea of progress in the 19th century 评析 本段听力讲述的是男同学周一没有去上课 来询问女同学老师给出的期末论文题目是什么 恰巧老师给出 的是 4 个话题以供挑选 女同学没有记下所有的话题 只是凭 记忆讲述了两个话题给男同学听 男同学 在已知的话题中倾向于写 the idea of progress in the 19th century 因为他喜欢这方面知识 而且之前也 有阅读 问题都是常见细节题 涉及所给话题数目 话题告知方式等 难度不大 只要认真听不难得出答 案 Talks and Conversations 4 Welcome to my lecture on interpreting Interpreting is a relatively new area of research It is all too often subsumed under the heading of translation For example many translators associations include interpreters Many books on translation include a section on interpreting Many translators do some interpreting work and vice versa Of course there is an overlap between the two areas that are so alike and yet so different All of this means that interpreting is still in the process of establishing itself as a discipline in its own right My aim in this lecture is to provide an overview of interpreting to anyone interested in interpreting in general or indeed in becoming an interpreter For years I have been collecting information about international and regional organizations in this field I was quite surprised about some of the results of the questionnaire Firstly with the exceptions of the European Union and the United nations the actual number of interpreters employed by many organizations is quite small Secondly I have not found any support for the common notion that interpreters do not have a lifelong career that they work solidly for five years or so earning quite a lot of money and then disappear into the sunset On the contrary they continue to work as interpreters until retirement age and in some cases beyond it Thirdly English is the international language of business and it s used in boardrooms and business meetings throughout the world English is also the international language of science In the 1960s and 1970s of the last century when foreign languages were not like widely taught many international conferences needed interpreters Nowadays most educated people learn foreign languages And as a result the need for interpreters at this type of meeting has diminished Questions 23 Who are most likely to be interested in the lecture 24 Which of the following is not true about interpreting 25 What is the common notion about interpreters 26 What accounts for the smaller number of conference interpreters today 评析 本 文节选自美国作家费伦的 The Interpreter s Resource 口译员的资源 属于 外教社翻译硕士专业系列 教材 口译实践指南丛书 内容上 先是讲口译与翻译的一些区别 然后说明是要对口译做概 述 最后 提出在调查研究中发现的一些比较奇怪的现象 包括 公司录用口译者很少 并没有任何证据表明口 译者 的工作是吃青春饭的 现在社会对商务和科学方面的口译者的需求正在减少 文章介绍的都是口 译翻译相关的词汇 这些词本身并没有太大的难度 属于考生比较 熟悉的词汇范围之内 Talks and Conversations 5 W David Macdonald is best known for his work with watercolor painting His work has been included in over 36 exhibitions He is also renowned as an art teacher with work in a summer watercolor painting intensive program for high school students David how did you start making art M Initially it was a way to create some private space As the third in a family of nine children I always shared a bedroom with at least three of my brothers I would help my parents unpack the groceries and unfold the paper bags that I could use inside as drawing paper Through hours of drawing I was able to create my own little world I was introduced to watercolor painting during my second year in college And ever since then I ve been fascinated by it W What is the source of your ideas M Anything can become a conscious or unconscious inspiration I can get lost in the country or in the city streets or in the supermarket Even the shapes and colors of the vegetables give me all sorts of ideas On a more scholarly level I was influenced by Chinese and Japanese painters during college W Is there any advice you would like to give to our students M An artist has to believe in him or herself The dedication courage and energy my students bring to classroom are more important than anything I can offer If you want to stand above the crowd your passion for your art must be manifest through a willingness to work harder than anyone else The students who succeed see their art as a way of life and not simply as a way of earning a living My job as a teacher is to help my students realize their potential and bring eloquence to their unique voice Questions 27 What is the topic of the interview 28 How did the man start to learn watercolor painting 29 Why did the man talk about the vegetables in the supermarket 30 Which of the following is not true about the successful art students 评析 此篇是对水彩画家 David Macdonald 的一篇采访 涉及到 David 如何开始学画画 他什么时候开始画油画 怎么样获得灵感以及对学生们的建议 一个采访问题 相应的回答 中等难度 没有生僻词 采访对话也 较易于理解 掌握单词 watercolor painting 水彩画 grocery n 食品杂货 inspiration n 灵感 conscious adj 有 意识的 unconscious adj 无意识的 dedication n 奉献 献身 potential n 潜力 eloquence n 雄 辩 口才 Sentence Translation 1 Courses for adults students may be vocational or recreational that is they may be related to a person s job or taken purely for interest and pleasure 参考译文 针对成年学生的课程可能是职业性的或者是娱乐性的 即课程可能与一个人的工作相关或者纯 粹的是出于兴趣娱 乐而上课 解析 本句话难度不大 如果考生一时没有反映出 vocational 和 recreational 的意思 也不必慌张 因为之后就是 对这两个单词的解释 如果记下来 完全可以倒推出这两个单词的意思 关键词 vocational adj 职业的 行业的 recreational adj 娱乐的 消遣的 2 To overcome their fear of unknown attackers on the cities streets many Americans now take instruction in Sun Swordof Oriental Self Defense such as karate and martial arts commonly known as Gongfu or Wushu 参考译文 为了克服对城市街道上陌生的攻击者的恐惧 很多美国人采取 太阳之剑 中的东方自卫术 诸如空手道和技击 它们 通常又被成为功夫或者武术 解析 本句话稍有难度 sword karate 等词需要考生平时的积累 但是通过 attackers Gongfu Wushu 这样的词 语 考生应该能判断出句子的大意 instruction n 指令 教导 sword n 剑 karate n 空手道 martial arts 武术 技击 3 Drinking tea has been a long tradition of a typical British family Recent studies suggest that tea can cut the risk of cancer and heart disease and retard the aging process 参考译文 喝茶一直以来都是典型英国家庭的传统 近期的研究显示 茶能够降低罹患癌症和心脏病的风 险 还能延缓衰老 解析 本句带有科普性质 但是内容并不陌生 也没有太多的难词 生词 唯一的难点可能是 retard 解释为 减慢 延迟 关键词 retard v 延迟 减慢 aging process 衰老 4 I ve been looking into the question of having the goods sent by air It s quick The goods are less liable to damage than by sea and there s less risk of hold ups 参考译文 我一直在研究空运货物的问题 它很快 而且相比海运 空运的货物不宜损坏 延误的风险也 较小 解析 本句稍有难度 诸如 be liable to 和 hold up 可能对不少考生有点陌生 关键词 be less liable to 不易 hold up n 停顿 耽误 5 If you lost two percent of your body weight in water your brain power and performance level may start to weaken Another four to seven percent may leave youfeeling dizzy 参考译文 如果你身体中的水份减少 2 你的头脑开始迟钝 表现力开始下降 如果再减少 4 7 你会 感到眩晕 解析 这句话难度适中 但是考生要注意听的同时 快速反应所提及的数字 好在这句话中的数字比较简单 另 外诸如 dizzy 这样的词也需要平时的积累 关键词 weaken v 减少 衰弱 dizzy adj 眩晕的 Passage 1 原文 While the rest of the world played soccer or the British football Americans played basketball and baseball But now soccer is rapidly becoming a major sport in the United States for reasons as simple as the game itself School officials like it and kids like it For the school authorities it s much cheaper to set up a soccer team And for the kids they don t need to be big or tall to play soccer All they need is the desire to run 参考译文 当世界其他地方都在踢足球或英式足球的时候 美国人在打篮球和棒球 但是现在 足球已经快速成为美 国一个主要的运动项目 其中的缘由和这项运动本身一样简 单 校领导喜欢足球 孩子们也喜欢足球 对于校方来说 成立一个足球队成本更少 而对孩子们来说 踢足球并不要求他们长得高高壮壮 他们所 需要的就是对奔 跑的渴望 评析 这篇文章还是很容易的 话题是我们非常熟悉的体育 平时注意体育话题相关词汇积累 翻译的时候 注意表达 本篇语气篇口语化 因此翻译一篇文章弄清楚文章的风格也很重要 这样表达时 就知道到底是正式语气表达还是非正式语气表达 有时也有必要了解文章的体材 议论性 说明性还是描 述性 从整体把握译文的风格 1 as simple as itself 一般译为 正如 本身一样简单或纯粹 2 big or tall 在这里我们形象地译为 高高壮壮 或 高高大大 Passage 2 原文 What really makes me mad is the attitude towards morals Some people are really shocked because actors are allowed to walk about the stage with little clothes on these days But these same people are not shocked by advertisements which persuade the public to buy things which can do real harm to people like cigarettes and alcohol for example I think a lot of advertisements are much more immoral than so called pornographic or dirty plays and books because they lie or at least disguise the truth 参考译文 真正让我发狂的是人们对道德的态度 演员可以着装暴露 在台上走来走去 这让一些人感到惊讶 然而 同样是这批人 却不会因为广告劝说公众购买如烟酒等对他 们有害的产品而震惊 我认为比起那些所谓 的色情或黄色节目和书刊 很多广告更不道德 因为它们在说谎 至少在掩盖真相 评析 本段话共由 4 句话组成 后三个句子都略微偏长 但是并不复杂 所以难度一般 较难把握的几个词组如 下 1 little clothes 连用 little 如果作为 少 修饰的是不可数名词 很明显这里不合适 可以考虑 little 表示 短的 意思 意译为 着装暴露 2 pornographic 对学生词汇量要求较高 这个单词表示 色情的 黄色的 同时 dirty 这里不能直译为 脏的 而应该采用它的引申义 下流的 色情的 3 disguise 较难 表示 掩饰 掩盖 disguise the truth 也就可以翻译为 掩盖真相 阅读理解第一篇 阅读理解第一篇选自口译阅读教程 Unit 5 Reading B artificial waterways Today most countries in the world have canals Even in the twentieth century goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other means of transport Some canals such as the Suez or the Panama save ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles shorter Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not located on the coast Still other canals drain lands where there is too much water help to irrigate fields where there is not enough water and furnish water power for factories and mills 3 The size of a canal depends on the kind of boats going through it The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boat using it to pass each other easily It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water beneath the keel of the largest boat using the canal 4 Some canals have sloping sides while others have sides that are nearly vertical Canals that ar