2019届高考英语二轮增分策略：第二部分-主旨大意题(含解析)

考纲解读考纲解读 高中英语教学大纲明确规定高中英语教学大纲明确规定 侧重提高阅读能力侧重提高阅读能力 这为我们的备考指明了方向 分析近几年的高考英语试 这为我们的备考指明了方向 分析近几年的高考英语试 题 我们不难看出 阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大 区分度最高的题型 自始至终占据着主导地位 阅读理题 我们不难看出 阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大 区分度最高的题型 自始至终占据着主导地位 阅读理 解能力属于语言的领会技能 它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力 而且考查快速捕捉信息 准确理解特定细节解能力属于语言的领会技能 它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力 而且考查快速捕捉信息 准确理解特定细节 以及复杂句子的能力 不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思 还要通过表层去推理 判断 除此之外 还涉及非语以及复杂句子的能力 不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思 还要通过表层去推理 判断 除此之外 还涉及非语 言因素 如 对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握 生活常识 逻辑知识和语言修养等 言因素 如 对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握 生活常识 逻辑知识和语言修养等 考情分析考情分析 纵观近几年各地英语试卷 阅读理解题有如下特点 纵观近几年各地英语试卷 阅读理解题有如下特点 1 1 突出语用 体裁多样 题材丰富 突出语用 体裁多样 题材丰富 阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文 说明文 应用文和议论文等 涉及的话题新颖广泛 体现了其多样化 阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文 说明文 应用文和议论文等 涉及的话题新颖广泛 体现了其多样化 现代化和生活化的特点 综合反映了政治 经济 文化和生活的各个方面 具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点 体现代化和生活化的特点 综合反映了政治 经济 文化和生活的各个方面 具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点 体 现了现了 语言是文化的载体语言是文化的载体 这一重要理念 这一重要理念 2 2 信息密集 句子优美 结构复杂 信息密集 句子优美 结构复杂 阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息 要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息 阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息 要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息 阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味 语言地道 纯正优美 而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度 各篇或在时阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味 语言地道 纯正优美 而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度 各篇或在时 间顺序上 或在空间顺序上 或在逻辑推理上 均使用了较高级的组篇手段 结构复杂的长句 倒装句 省略间顺序上 或在空间顺序上 或在逻辑推理上 均使用了较高级的组篇手段 结构复杂的长句 倒装句 省略 句以及插入语等也随处可见 句以及插入语等也随处可见 3 3 细节为主 推理随后 主旨突出 细节为主 推理随后 主旨突出 阅读理解题型分布合理 以细节理解题和推理判断题为主 主旨大意题几乎每年都考 各个题型的分布已阅读理解题型分布合理 以细节理解题和推理判断题为主 主旨大意题几乎每年都考 各个题型的分布已 逐步成熟且趋于平稳 阅读理解分为五大题型 主旨大意题 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题和篇章结逐步成熟且趋于平稳 阅读理解分为五大题型 主旨大意题 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题和篇章结 构题 构题 考点考点 1 1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题主旨大意之精确归纳标题 真题解密真题解密 DoctorsDoctors areare knownknown toto bebe terribleterrible pilots Theypilots They don tdon t listenlisten becausebecause theythey alreadyalready knowknow itit all Iall I waswas luckylucky I I becamebecame a a pilotpilot inin 19701970 almostalmost tenten yearsyears beforebefore I I graduatedgraduated fromfrom medicalmedical school Ischool I didn tdidn t realizerealize thenthen butbut becomingbecoming a a pilotpilot makesmakes meme a a betterbetter surgeon Isurgeon I lovedloved flying Asflying As I I flewflew biggerbigger fasterfaster planesplanes andand inin worseworse weatherweather I I learnedlearned aboutabout crewcrew resourceresource management management 机组资源管机组资源管 理理 oror CRMCRM a a newnew ideaidea toto makemake flyingflying safer Itsafer It meansmeans thatthat crewcrew membersmembers shouldshould listenlisten andand speakspeak upup forfor a a goodgood resultresult regardlessregardless ofof positions positions I I firstfirst readread aboutabout CRMCRM inin 1980 Not1980 Not longlong afterafter thatthat anan attendingattending doctordoctor andand I I werewere flyingflying inin badbad weather Theweather The controllercontroller hadhad usus turnturn tootoo latelate toto getget ourour landinglanding ready Theready The attendingattending doctordoctor waswas flyingflying I I waswas safetysafety pilot Hepilot He waswas soso busybusy becausebecause ofof thethe badbad turnturn hehe hadhad forgottenforgotten toto putput thethe landinglanding gear gear 起落架起落架 down Hedown He waswas a a betterbetter pilotpilot andand mymy bossboss soso itit feltfelt unusualunusual toto speakspeak up Butup But I I hadhad toto OurOur liveslives werewere inin danger Idanger I putput asideaside mymy uneasinessuneasiness andand saidsaid We We needneed toto putput thethe landinglanding geargear downdown nownow That That waswas mymy firstfirst realreal lessonlesson inin thethe powerpower ofof CRMCRM andand I veI ve usedused itit inin thethe operatingoperating roomroom everever since since CRMCRM requiresrequires thatthat thethe pilot surgeonpilot surgeon encourageencourage othersothers toto speakspeak up Itup It furtherfurther requiresrequires thatthat whenwhen opinionsopinions areare fromfrom thethe oppositeopposite thethe doctordoctor doesn tdoesn t overreactoverreact whichwhich mightmight preventprevent fellowfellow doctorsdoctors fromfrom voicingvoicing opinionsopinions again Soagain So whenwhen I mI m inin thethe operatingoperating roomroom I I askask forfor ideasideas andand helphelp fromfrom others Sometimesothers Sometimes they rethey re notnot willingwilling toto speakspeak up Butup But I I hopehope thatthat ifif I I continuecontinue toto encourageencourage themthem somedaysomeday someonesomeone willwill keepkeep meme fromfrom landinglanding geargear upup 2019 2019 新课标全国新课标全国 A A 3636 WhatWhat doesdoes thethe authorauthor saysay aboutabout doctorsdoctors inin general general A A TheyThey likelike flyingflying byby themselves themselves B B TheyThey areare unwillingunwilling toto taketake advice advice C C TheyThey pretendpretend toto bebe goodgood pilots pilots D D TheyThey areare quickquick learnerslearners ofof CRM CRM 答案答案 B B 解析解析 细节理解题 从文中第一段的第一 二句细节理解题 从文中第一段的第一 二句 Doctors Doctors areare knownknown toto bebe terribleterrible pilots Theypilots They don tdon t listenlisten becausebecause theythey alreadyalready knowknow itit all all 可知 作者认为医生一般都不愿意听取意见 所以可知 作者认为医生一般都不愿意听取意见 所以 答案为答案为 B B 项 项 3737 TheThe authorauthor deepeneddeepened hishis understandingunderstanding ofof thethe powerpower ofof CRMCRM when when A A hehe savedsaved thethe planeplane byby speakingspeaking upup B B hehe waswas inin chargecharge ofof a a flyingflying tasktask C C hishis bossboss landedlanded thethe planeplane tootoo latelate D D hishis bossboss operatedoperated onon a a patientpatient 答案答案 A A 解析解析 推理判断题 文中第二段首句提到推理判断题 文中第二段首句提到 I I firstfirst readread aboutabout CRMCRM inin 1980 1980 这是作者首次接触这是作者首次接触 CRMCRM 此后不久 在一次飞行事故中 作者的老板在操作飞机降落时忘记把起落架放下来 这时作者主动向老板此后不久 在一次飞行事故中 作者的老板在操作飞机降落时忘记把起落架放下来 这时作者主动向老板 提出提出 我们现在需要把起落架放下来我们现在需要把起落架放下来 从而拯救了机组成员 其他选项均不符合题意 从而拯救了机组成员 其他选项均不符合题意 3838 InIn thethe lastlast paragraphparagraph landing landing geargear up up probablyprobably meansmeans A A followingfollowing flyingflying requirementsrequirements B B overreactingoverreacting toto differentdifferent opinionsopinions C C listeninglistening toto whatwhat fellowfellow doctorsdoctors saysay D D makingmaking a a mistakemistake thatthat maymay costcost liveslives 答案答案 D D 解析解析 词义猜测题 词义猜测题 landing landing gear gear 在文中给出了中文释义 意为在文中给出了中文释义 意为 起落架起落架 landing landing geargear up up 意为意为 把起落架收起来把起落架收起来 结合该词组在文中出现的语境 可以知道在飞机降落时把起落架收起来是有生命危险 结合该词组在文中出现的语境 可以知道在飞机降落时把起落架收起来是有生命危险 的 所以的 所以 keepkeep meme fromfrom landinglanding geargear upup 意为意为 让我避免犯此类会带来生命危险的错误让我避免犯此类会带来生命危险的错误 3939 WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing cancan bebe thethe bestbest titletitle forfor thethe text text A A CRMCRM A A NewNew WayWay toto MakeMake FlyingFlying SafeSafe B B FlyingFlying MakesMakes MeMe a a BetterBetter DoctorDoctor C C TheThe MakingMaking ofof a a GoodGood PilotPilot D D A A Pilot TurnedPilot Turned DoctorDoctor 答案答案 B B 解析解析 标题归纳题 文中第一段提到标题归纳题 文中第一段提到 but but becomingbecoming a a pilotpilot makesmakes meme a a betterbetter surgeon surgeon 在第二 在第二 段中作者讲述了其在一起飞行事件中的经历和从中得到的教训 作者将这一经验应用到手术室中 从而使段中作者讲述了其在一起飞行事件中的经历和从中得到的教训 作者将这一经验应用到手术室中 从而使 他成为一个更好的医生 所以他成为一个更好的医生 所以 B B 项正确 项正确 技巧归纳技巧归纳 1 1 利用主题段来概括标题利用主题段来概括标题 主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段 一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题 主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段 一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题 知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心 把中心概括成一句话或一个短语知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心 把中心概括成一句话或一个短语 文章的标题 文章的标题 2 2 利用主题句来概括标题利用主题句来概括标题 解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句 要注意贯穿文章始终的词语 通过寻找文章的主题句 并对主题句进解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句 要注意贯穿文章始终的词语 通过寻找文章的主题句 并对主题句进 行概括和提炼 从而确定文章的标题 行概括和提炼 从而确定文章的标题 做此类题时 要避免以下三种错误 做此类题时 要避免以下三种错误 1 1 概括不够概括不够 多表现为部分替代整体 从而缩小了范围多表现为部分替代整体 从而缩小了范围 2 2 过度概括过度概括 多表现为人为扩大范围多表现为人为扩大范围 3 3 以事实 细节替代文章大意 以事实 细节替代文章大意 趁热打铁趁热打铁 ArgentinaArgentina inin thethe latelate nineteenthnineteenth centurycentury waswas anan excitingexciting place Aroundplace Around 18701870 itit waswas experiencingexperiencing anan economic economic 经济的经济的 boom boom andand thethe capitalcapital BuenosBuenos AiresAires attractedattracted manymany people Farmerspeople Farmers asas wellwell asas a a floodflood ofof foreignersforeigners fromfrom SpainSpain andand ItalyItaly camecame toto BuenosBuenos AiresAires seekingseeking jobs Thesejobs These jobsjobs didn tdidn t paypay wellwell andand thethe peoplepeople feltfelt lonelylonely andand disappointeddisappointed withwith theirtheir newnew lifelife inin thethe city Ascity As thethe unhappyunhappy newcomersnewcomers mixedmixed togethertogether inin thethe poorpoor partsparts ofof thethe citycity thethe dancedance knownknown asas thethe tango tango 探戈舞探戈舞 came came intointo being being AtAt thethe beginningbeginning thethe tangotango waswas a a dancedance ofof thethe lowerlower classes Itclasses It waswas danceddanced inin thethe barsbars andand streets Atstreets At thatthat timetime therethere werewere manymany fewerfewer womenwomen thanthan menmen soso ifif a a manman didn tdidn t wantwant toto bebe leftleft outout hishis onlyonly choicechoice waswas toto dancedance withwith anotheranother manman soso thatthat hehe couldcould attractattract thethe attentionattention ofof thethe fewfew availableavailable women Graduallywomen Gradually thethe dancedance spreadspread intointo thethe upperupper classesclasses ofof ArgentineanArgentinean societysociety andand becamebecame moremore respectable respectable InIn EuropeEurope atat thisthis timetime strongstrong interestinterest inin dancedance fromfrom aroundaround thethe worldworld waswas beginning Thisbeginning This interestinterest inin internationalinternational dancedance waswas especiallyespecially evidentevident inin Paris EveryParis Every kindkind ofof dancedance fromfrom ballet ballet 芭蕾舞芭蕾舞 toto bellybelly dancingdancing couldcould bebe foundfound onon thethe stagesstages ofof thethe ParisParis theaters Aftertheaters After tangotango dancersdancers fromfrom ArgentinaArgentina arrivedarrived inin EuropeEurope theythey beganbegan toto drawdraw thethe interestinterest ofof thethe publicpublic asas theythey performedperformed theirtheir excitingexciting dancedance inin cafes Thoughcafes Though notnot everyoneeveryone approvedapproved ofof thethe newnew dancedance sayingsaying itit waswas a a littlelittle tootoo shockingshocking thethe dancedance diddid findfind enoughenough supporterssupporters toto makemake itit popular popular TheThe popularity popularity 流行流行 ofof thethe tangotango continuedcontinued toto growgrow inin manymany otherother partsparts ofof thethe world Soldiersworld Soldiers whowho returnedreturned toto thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates fromfrom WorldWorld War War broughtbrought thethe tangotango toto NorthNorth America ItAmerica It reachedreached JapanJapan inin 19261926 andand inin 20032003 thethe ArgentineanArgentinean embassyembassy inin SeoulSeoul hiredhired a a locallocal tangotango dancerdancer toto actact asas a a kindkind ofof dancedance ambassadorambassador andand promotepromote tangotango dancingdancing throughoutthroughout SouthSouth Korea 2019 Korea 2019 安徽 安徽 E E 7272 TheThe originorigin ofof thethe tangotango isis associatedassociated with with A A bellybelly dancersdancers B B AmericanAmerican soldierssoldiers C C a a SpanishSpanish citycity D D thethe capitalcapital ofof ArgentinaArgentina 答案答案 D D 解析解析 细节理解题 由第一段可知 阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯是探戈舞的发源地 细节理解题 由第一段可知 阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯是探戈舞的发源地 7373 WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing isis TRUETRUE aboutabout thethe tango tango A A ItIt waswas createdcreated byby foreignersforeigners fromfrom SpainSpain andand Italy Italy B B PeoplePeople ofof thethe upperupper classesclasses lovedloved thethe tangotango most most C C ItIt waswas oftenoften danceddanced byby twotwo malesmales inin thethe beginning beginning D D A A dancerdancer inin SeoulSeoul becamebecame thethe ArgentineanArgentinean ambassador ambassador 答案答案 C C 解析解析 细节理解题 由第二段中的细节理解题 由第二段中的 so so ifif a a manman didn tdidn t wantwant toto bebe leftleft outout hishis onlyonly choicechoice waswas toto dancedance withwith anotheranother man man 可知 可知 7474 BeforeBefore WorldWorld War War thethe tangotango spreadspread to to A A AmericaAmerica B B JapanJapan C C FranceFrance D D SouthSouth KoreaKorea 答案答案 C C 解析解析 细节理解题 由第三段中的细节理解题 由第三段中的 This This interestinterest inin internationalinternational dancedance waswas especiallyespecially evidentevident inin Paris Paris 可知 可知 7575 WhatWhat cancan bebe thethe bestbest titletitle forfor thethe text text A A HowHow toto DanceDance thethe TangoTango B B TheThe HistoryHistory ofof thethe TangoTango C C HowHow toto PromotePromote thethe TangoTango D D TheThe ModernModern TangoTango BoomBoom 答案答案 B B 解析解析 标题归纳题 本文主要讲述了探戈舞的发展史 标题归纳题 本文主要讲述了探戈舞的发展史 考点考点 2 2 主旨大意之概括文章大意主旨大意之概括文章大意 真题解密真题解密 Indeed Indeed GeorgeGeorge WashingtonWashington wrotewrote inin hishis diarydiary inin 17851785 some some kindkind ofof flyfly oror bugbug hadhad begunbegun toto eateat thethe leavesleaves beforebefore I I leftleft home home ButBut thethe fatherfather ofof AmericaAmerica waswas notnot thethe fatherfather ofof bug Whenbug When WashingtonWashington wrotewrote thatthat EnglishmenEnglishmen hadhad beenbeen referringreferring toto insectsinsects asas bugsbugs forfor moremore thanthan a a centurycentury andand AmericansAmericans hadhad alreadyalready createdcreated lightning bug lightning bug 萤火虫萤火虫 ButBut thethe EnglishEnglish werewere soonsoon toto stopstop usingusing thethe bugsbugs inin theirtheir languagelanguage leavingleaving itit toto thethe AmericansAmericans toto callcall a a bugbug a a bugbug inin thethe nineteenthnineteenth andand twentiethtwentieth centuries centuries TheThe AmericanAmerican bugbug couldcould alsoalso bebe a a personperson referringreferring toto someonesomeone whowho waswas crazycrazy aboutabout a a particularparticular activity Althoughactivity Although fanfan becamebecame thethe usualusual termterm sportssports fansfans usedused toto bebe calledcalled racingracing bugsbugs baseballbaseball bugsbugs andand thethe like like OrOr thethe bugbug couldcould bebe a a smallsmall machinemachine oror objectobject forfor exampleexample a a bug shapedbug shaped car Thecar The bugbug couldcould alsoalso bebe a a burglarburglar alarmalarm fromfrom whichwhich comescomes thethe expressionexpression toto bugbug thatthat isis to to install install 安装安装 anan alarm alarm NowNow itit meansmeans a a smallsmall piecepiece ofof equipmentequipment thatthat peoplepeople useuse forfor listeninglistening secretlysecretly toto others others conversations Sinceconversations Since thethe 1840s1840s toto bugbug hashas longlong meantmeant to to cheat cheat andand sincesince thethe 1940s1940s itit hashas beenbeen annoying annoying WeWe alsoalso knowknow thethe bugbug asas a a flawflaw inin a a computercomputer programprogram oror otherother design Thatdesign That meaningmeaning datesdates backback toto thethe timetime ofof ThomasThomas Edison InEdison In 18781878 hehe explainedexplained bugsbugs asas little little problemsproblems andand difficulties difficulties thatthat requiredrequired monthsmonths ofof studystudy andand laborlabor toto overcomeovercome inin developingdeveloping a a successfulsuccessful product Inproduct In 18891889 itit waswas recordedrecorded thatthat EdisonEdison had had beenbeen upup thethe twotwo previousprevious nightsnights discovering adiscovering a bug bug inin hishis inventedinvented recordrecord player player 2019 2019 辽宁 辽宁 D D 6868 WeWe learnlearn fromfrom ParagraphParagraph 1 1 that that A A AmericansAmericans hadhad difficultydifficulty inin learninglearning toto useuse thethe wordword bugbug B B GeorgeGeorge WashingtonWashington waswas thethe firstfirst personperson toto callcall anan insectinsect a a bugbug C C thethe wordword bugbug waswas stillstill popularlypopularly usedused inin EnglandEngland inin thethe nineteenthnineteenth centurycentury D D bothboth EnglishmenEnglishmen andand AmericansAmericans usedused thethe wordword bugbug inin thethe eighteentheighteenth centurycentury 答案答案 D D 解析解析 细节理解题 根据第一段第三句可知选细节理解题 根据第一段第三句可知选 D D 项 项 69 What69 What doesdoes thethe wordword flawflaw inin thethe lastlast paragraphparagraph probablyprobably mean mean A A Explanation Explanation B B Finding Finding C C Origin Origin D D Fault Fault 答案答案 D D 解析解析 词义猜测题 根据最后一段中的词义猜测题 根据最后一段中的 little little problemsproblems andand difficulties difficulties 可判断选可判断选 D D 项 项 7070 TheThe passagepassage isis mainlymainly concernedconcerned with with A A thethe misunderstandingmisunderstanding ofof thethe wordword bugbug B B thethe developmentdevelopment ofof thethe wordword bugbug C C thethe publicpublic viewsviews ofof thethe wordword bugbug D D thethe specialspecial characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe wordword bugbug 答案答案 B B 解析解析 主旨大意题 文章主要围绕主旨大意题 文章主要围绕 bugbug 一词的发展过程以及不同含义来展开的 故一词的发展过程以及不同含义来展开的 故 B B 项符合文章主旨 项符合文章主旨 技巧归纳技巧归纳 1 1 做概括文章大意题时 有效的方法就是辨认主题句 主题句具有简洁性 概括性的特点 文章的中心思想做概括文章大意题时 有效的方法就是辨认主题句 主题句具有简洁性 概括性的特点 文章的中心思想 往往是每段主题句的综合 若文章无主题句 这就需要我们依据文中的事实 细节 观点去进行分析 推断往往是每段主题句的综合 若文章无主题句 这就需要我们依据文中的事实 细节 观点去进行分析 推断 和归纳 从而概括出文章大意 和归纳 从而概括出文章大意 2 2 在选择答案时 根据自己总结的大意 就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除 在选择答案时 根据自己总结的大意 就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除 趁热打铁趁热打铁 We veWe ve consideredconsidered severalseveral waysways ofof payingpaying toto cutcut inin lineline hiringhiring lineline standersstanders buyingbuying ticketstickets fromfrom scalpers scalpers 票贩子票贩子 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