【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part-II-语法部分-专题8--定语从句

专题八专题八 定语从句定语从句 一 概念 在复合句中 修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句 The old man who whom that we visited yesterday is a famous artist 其中所饰名词即 the old man 称为先行词 引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词 称为关系词 如上句中的 who whom that 关系词的用法与选择须考虑它在定语从句中的 成分 下面分类讲解它们的用法 二 用法 定语从句常用引导词有 that which who whose as where when why 1 that 指人或物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 I like the books that were written by Lu Xun The student that won the first prize is our monitor 2 which 指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 These are the trees which were planted last year Is this the library which you borrow books from 3 who 指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown He is the man who I want to work with 4 whose 指人或物 作定语 表示 的 可转换为 of 关系代词 Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing I saw some trees whose leaves were black 5 注意 that 和 which 的区别 1 先行词为不定代词 everything little much all anything nothing something no some any few one 等时 关系代词只能用 that We are willing to do anything that is good to the people 2 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 用 that This is the best book that I ve ever read 3 先行词被序数词或者 the only 唯一的 the very 正是那个 the last 修饰时 用 that The first book that I read last night was an English novel 4 如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 定语从句的关系代词只能用 that We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about 5 以疑问词 who which what 开头的疑问句 为避免重复 用 that Which is the book that you borrowed from the library 6 关系代词放在介词之后 指物时只能用 which 不能用 that This is the factory in which we once worked 7 非限制性定语从句中 指代物或一种情况时 用 which 不能用 that This is the book which is written by Lu Xun The baby was ill which made the mother very worried 6 关系副词 when 引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词 在定语从句中充当时间状语 Next month when you ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown is approaching 7 关系副词 where 引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词 在定语从句中充当地点状语 She is going to live in Macao where she has some close friends 8 关系副词 why 引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词 reason 在定语从句中充当原因状语 He didn t tell me the reason why he was so upset 高考预测 限制性定语从句 介词 which whom 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种 是我们学习定语从句的重 点 也是高考的常考点 这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which 和 whom 先行词是物时 用介词 which 是人时 用介词 whom 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 1 注意介词的选取 1 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配 I called him by the wrong name for which I should apologize Who is the man with whom you just shook hands 2 根据定语从句意思的需要 不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配 We depend on the land from which we get our food Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 3 根据意思也可用复杂介词 如 by means of as a result of in front of in the back of all of most of none of the taller of 等 He lived in a big house in front of which stood a big tall tree There are forty students in the classroom all of whom are working hard at a difficult problem in mathematics 2 注意代词的选取 在 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句中 如果关系代词指代事物就用 which 如果 指代人则用 whom This is the reason for which he was put in prison Tom has three brothers one of whom is a singer 3 注意关系代词的可替换性 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系代词 结构可以同关系副词 when where 和 why 互换 This is the factory in which I once worked in which 可 where 替换 I have forgotten the exact date on which this country became independent on which 可 when 替 换 4 注意 介词 where 引导的定语从句 有时我们可以见到 介词 where 引导的定语从句 此时要和 介词 which 引导的定 语从句从意思上加以区别 His head soon appeared out of the window from where he saw nothing but trees They stood on the top of the building from where they could see the whole city 5 复合介词短语 关系代词 which whom 引导的定语从句作地点状语 表示存在关系 定语从句主谓常需倒装 They arrived at a small house in front of which sat a small boy I saw a man on the head of whom stood a bird 6 名词 of which 或者 of which 名词 代替 whose 名词 在定语从句中作定语 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase the price of which whose price was very reasonable 7 介词 which 指物 whose 指人 名词 该结构中 只能用关系代词 which 不能用 whom which 单独起形容词作用 修饰它后面的名词 He might be ill in which case we can not wait for him The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps 高考真题探究 高考真题探究 2006 2011 年 年 2011 全国卷 I 31 The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination A that B which C whose D what 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 本题主句中的先行词 writer 和从句中的主语 story 有所属关系 译为作者的故事 因此选 C 句子的意思是 我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者 2011 全国卷 II 7 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt is a stupid thing to do in such weather A this B that C what D which 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 分析句子结构可知 该句为定语从句 首先排除 A 和 C 根据空前的逗号可知 该句为非限制性定语扶句 排除 B 该从句应用 which 引导 which 在从句中作主语 代 指前丽的整个句子 2011 北京卷 26 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others of course make all the others upset A whoB whichC whatD that 答案 B 考点 考查非限定性定语从句 解析 逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语 which 引导非限制性定语从句 指代整 个主句部分的内容 选择 which 2011 上海卷 39 You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family A whichB whereC whenD as 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 先行词为 the bus station 从句中谓语动词 hire 后差宾语 故用关系代词 which 2011 山东卷 32 The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other A they B where C what D that 答案 D 考点 此题考察定语从句的引导词 解析 关系代词 that 代替先行词 small houses 在从句中作主语 句意为 这座古老的城 镇街道狭窄 小房子挨得很近 2011 江西卷 34 She showed the visitors around the museum the construction had taken more than three years A for whichB with whichC of whichD to which 答案 C 考点 考察定语从句 解析 先行词为 museum 在从句中充当定语 博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时 间 介词用 of 选 C 2011 江苏卷 24 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval the audience can buy ice cream A when B where C that D which 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 句意 音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间 在这段时间里观众可以去买 冰激凌 When 引导的定语从句修饰 an interval when 在从句中作时间状语 首先解析句子 结构 判断从句类型 题干说 在音乐会中间有间歇 此时你可以买冰激凌 题干的前半 部分完整无缺 后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事 所以这是一个非限定性定语从 句 先行词为 interval 非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明 由于从句部 分不缺少主干成分 而且 interval 表时间 所以正确答案为 A 2011 安徽卷 28 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator it will keep for two or three weeks A when B which C where D while 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 句意为 剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱 在那里可以保存两三周 本题考查非 限制性定语从句的关系副词 由句型结构可以看出 该题中的先行词 refrigerator 在从句中 作介词的宾语 该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语 故选择关系副词 where when 在从 句中作时间状语 which 在从句中作主语或宾语 while 是连词 不能用于定语从句 2011 浙江卷 8 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures each of uses it somewhat differently A which B what C them D those 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 本句中的先行词是 several diverse cultures 先行词在从句中做 each of 的宾语 所 有应用关系代词 which 2011 浙江卷 10 A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain A when B that C where D there 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 本句中的先行词是 the place 先行词在定语从句中作地点状语 所以应该用关系 副词 where 2011 福建卷 24 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other A which B where C what D who 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 分析句子成分可知 an atmosphere 与修饰它的定语从句被 for her students 隔开 该从句缺少主语 所以用 which 2011 福建卷 33 It was April 29 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony A that B whenC since D berore 答案 B 考点 考查定语从句 解析 去掉 It was 及 that 后 April 29 2011 不可以单独作时间状语 所以不是强调句型 用 when 引导定语从句修饰 April29 2011 2011 四川卷 17 The school shop customers are mainly students is closed few the holidays A which B whose C when D where 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 此处 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 shop 在定语从句中作 customers 的定语 句意为 这个学校商店 其主顾大多是学生 因为放假就关门了 2011 天津卷 10 The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living A when B that C where D which 答案 A 考点 考察定语从句 解析 句意为 when 引导定语从句修饰 The day are gone 为插入语 句意为 全部靠 体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了 2011 陕西卷 11 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake A which B where C who D that 答案 B 考点 考查定语从句 解析 先行词是 hill 表地点 定语从句 we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake 句子成分 中缺少状语 所以应用关系副词 where 答案选择 2011 湖南卷 25 Julie was good at German French and Russian all of she spoke fluently A who B whom C which D that 答案 C 考点 本题考察定语从句中复合关系代词的用法 解析 介词后只能使用的关系代词是 which who whose 因为句子中关系词指代是语言 故选 C 句意 Julie 擅长德语 法语和俄语 这三种语言她说得都很流利 10 福建 Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually A thatB where C which D whose2 答案 B 考点 定语从句 解析 先行词为 planet 表示地点 故用 where 10 湖南 I ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year A who B where C when D which 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词 the students 且在从句中作 met 的宾语 故 选关系代词 who 即 A 项 10 江西 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour A where B who C which D what 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 先行词为 centre she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语 故要填状语 表地点 用 where 10 山东 That s the new machine parts are too small to be seen A that B which C whose D What 答案 C 考点 本题考查定语从句的引导词 解析 句意应为 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器 空格处引导定语从句并 且在从句中作定语使用 所以使用 whose 10 山东 Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future A on which B by which C to which D from which 答案 C 考点 此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句 解析 考查介词 which 的用法 Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future 10 天津 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut You should try the barber s I go It s only 15 A as B which C where D that 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 句意 你能相信我理一次发得花 20 美元吗 你应该到我去的那家理发店试试 只需要 15 美元 句中 the barber s 是先行词 从句中 go 是不及物动词 所选关系代词在从 句中作状语 所以要用 where 10 四川 After graduating from college I took some time off to go travelling turned out to be a wise decision A that B which C when D where 答案 B 考点 考查定语从句 解析 此处应为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 which 代替前边整个句子 句意为 大学毕业后 我们休假一段时间去旅游 这结果证明是一个明智的决定 10 全国 As a child Jack studied in a village school is named after his grandfather A which B where C what D that 答案 A 考点 此题考查非限定性定语从句 解析 句意 还是孩子的时候 Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习 根据选项此题考 查从句 空格设置在名词 school 后 且 school 后有逗号 此题考查非限定性定语从句 定语 从句所修饰的先行词是 school 它在定于从句中做主语 因此使用关系代词 选项中的关系 代词只有 which 和 that 由于是非限定性定语从句 不能使用 that 因此选择 A 10 江苏 The newly built caf the walls of are painted light green is really a peaceful place for us specially after hard work A that B it C what D which 答案 D 考点 定语从句 解析 定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙 10 陕西 The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair A where B which C its D whose 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 所填词引导定语从句 先行词是 the old temple 关系词在从句中做 roof 的定语 用 关系代词 whose 选 D 其余选项与题意不符 10 全国 I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else s fault A who B that C as D what 答案 B 考点 定语从句 解析 不定代词 something 作主语 用 that 引导 10 湖北 My mother was so proud of all 我所做的 that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing do 答案 that I had done 考点 定语从句 解析 先行词是 all 的时候 定语从句只能由 that 引导 又因为主句是一般过去时 我 所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情 所以要用过去完成时 10 湖北 正如我们强调的那样 many times serve the people is our first policy stress 答案 As we have stressed 考点 非限定性定语从句 解析 当句子以整个主句作为先行词 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 as 来 引导 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语 10 北京 Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly A what B whose C which D that 答案 B 考点 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择 解析 不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖 较简单 本定语从句不缺成分 为主系表结构 因此只能在考虑填关系副词 A 中的 What 不能引导定语从句 选 B whose 谁的 符合题意 10 重庆 In china the number of cities is increasing development is recognized across the world A whereB whichC whoseD that 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 development 与先行词 cities 之间是所属关系 所以选 whose 句意是 在中国 城 市的数量在增加 城市的发展被全世界意识到 10 浙江 The settlement is home to nearly 1 000 people many of left their village homes for a better life in the city A whomB which C themD those 答案 A 考点 本题考查定语从句引导词 解析 由 many 之后的逗号和选项特征 此处是主从句关系 排除 C D 项 由于先行词 是 1 000 people 表示人 故用 whom 句意为 这里居住着将近 1000 人 他们中的许多 人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活 09 山东 Whenever I met her was fairly often she greeted me with a sweet smile A who B which C when D that 答案 B 考点 本题考查连词的用法 解析 不论何时遇见她 她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼 这是非常经常的事 考查非限 制性定语从句 从句 was fairly often 插在主句中的时间状语从句后 关系代词 which 可代替主句整个句子的意思并在从句中作主语 答案 B 09 全国 I She brought with her three friends none of I had ever met before A them B who C whom D these 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句 解析 句意为 她带着她的三个朋友 他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过 表示 部分的 词语 of 关系代词 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用 whom 09 江苏 Because of the financial crisis days are gone local 5 star hotels charged 6 000 yuan for one night A if B when C which D since 答案 B 考点 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句 解析 由于金融危机 当地五星级酒店一晚收费 6000 元的日子不复存在了 when 引导 的从句做 days 的定语 09 天津 A person e mail account is full won t be able to send or receive any e mails A who B whom C whose D whoever 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 如果一个人的邮箱帐户满了 就不能收发邮件 根据句意判断 关系代词 whose 替代先行词 a person 作从句中主语的定语 答案 C 09 陕西 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time A of which B with which C about which D into which 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题 先行词是 Gun control 指物 关系词在 从句中做介词的宾语 介词前置 介词与从句动词构成搭配 argue about sth 选 C 09 上海 Mozart s birthplace and the house he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now Ks5u A where B when C there D which Ks5u 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句的用法 解析 句意为 莫扎特出生的地方和他作曲 魔笛 的房间现在都是博物馆了 先行词 the house 在句中作地点状语 需加介词 in where in which 答案 A 09 江西 The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building A in it B in C in that D in which 答案 B 考点 本题考查定语从句 解析 我小时候住过的那房子已经被推倒 取而代之的是一幢办公楼 I grew up 作主语 the house 的定语从句 省略了关系代词 that 或 which 因此判断空格处该填 介词 in 若把空格移到 I 前 则 D in which 是正确答案 答案 B 09 安徽 Many children parents are away working in big cities are taken good care of in the village A their B whose C of them D with whom 答案 B 考点 本题考查定语从句 解析 许多父母离家在大城市工作的小孩在村里得到很好的照顾 先行词是 children 关 系代词 whose 引导定语从句并在从句中作定语 答案 B 09 四川 She ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before A that B which C where D when 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 她永远也忘不了她在那儿逗留期间 在那时她找到了两年前走失的儿子 先行词 her stay 与介词 during 搭配在从句中作时间状语 答案 D 09 辽宁 They ve won their last three matches I find a bit surprising A that B when C what D which 答案 D 考点 考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析 解析 此处意思是 他们赢得了最后的三场比赛 我觉得这确实有点让人意外 which 代 替上句 They ve won their last three matches 做 find 的宾语 选 D A 项不能用于非限制性 定语从句中 B C 此处没有他们的意思 09 福建 It s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently A that B when C which D where 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 先行词是 situation 指物 亦可指地点 关系词在从句中做地点状语 用关系副词 where 选 D 把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的 09 浙江 I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own A whichB whereC how D why 答案 B 考点 考查定语从句 解析 我已经达到人生的一个转折点 在这转折点 我得自己拿主意 考查定语从句 先 行词是 point 与介词 at 搭配在从句中作状语 where at this point 答案 B 09 重庆 Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves A why B what C that D where 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 人生像一场长跑比赛 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己 先行词 race 在定语 从句中作地点状语需加介词 in 因此用 where 答案 D 09 湖南 I was born in New Orleans Louisiana a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind A which B of which C that D whose 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 我出生在路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良市 这是一个看到它的名字就会在我们脑海里 浮现出一副绿树成荫 青草萋萋的画面的城市 先行词 city 在从句中作 name 的定语 因此 填 whose 答案 D 09 全国 My friend showed me round the town was very kind of him A which B that C where D it 答案 A 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 我朋友带我参观这小镇 他这么做真是一个好人 这儿的 which 指代前面整句话 内容 09 北京 What do you think of teacher Bob I find it fun and challenging It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting A where B which C when D that 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 鲍勃 你觉得教书怎么样 我觉得这是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作 这 是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作 先行词 job 与介词 in 搭配在从句中作地点状语 in which where 答案 A 08 全国 The road conditions there turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A it B what C which D that 答案 C 考点 考查定语从句 解析 句意为 那里的路况证明是非常好的 这超出了我们的想象 which 引导非限制性 定语从句 which 指代前面整个句子的内容 A B D 三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句 08 北京 I ll give you my friend s home address I can be reached most evenings A whichB whenC whomD where 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 由于先行词是 home address 表示地点 故定语从句中的关系词应为 where 08 安徽 All the neighbors admire this family the parents are treating their child like a friend A whyB whereC whichD that 答案 B 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 句意为 所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已 在这个家庭里 父母对待他们的孩子 就像对待朋友一样 family 后跟非限制性定语从句 此处缺少地点状语 故用 where 08 江西 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law A whereB whenC whoD which 答案 A 考点 考查定语从句 解析 这个从句应是定语从句 先行词是前面的 cases 空白处在从句中作状语 应用 where 引导 指抽象的地点 意为 在这些案例中 08 湖南 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors are beyond our control A most of themB most of which C most of whatD most of that 答案 B 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 句意为 植物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响 绝大多数的因素是我们控制不了的 which 引导非限制性定语从句 且作介词 of 的宾语 08 陕西 The man pulled out a gold watch were made of small diamonds A the hands of whomB whom the hands of C which the hands of D the hands of which 答案 D 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 watch 是物 故定语从句的引导词不可用 whom 可排除 A B 两项 由句意可知 空格处可填入 whose hands 或 the hands of which 表示所属关系 08 四川 For many cities in the world there is no room to spread out further New York is an example A for whichB in whichC of whichD from which 答案 C 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 句意为 对于世界上许多城市来说 没有可以进一步延展的空间 其中纽约是一个 例子 表达 中的一个 应使用介词 of 用以表示所属关系 08 重庆 They will fly to Washington they plan to stay for two or three days A whereB there C whichD when 答案 A 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 where 引导非限制性定语从句 在从句中作地点状语 08 浙江 Yesterday she sold her car she bought a month ago A when B where C that D which 答案 D 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 which 引导非限制性定语从句 充当 bought 的宾语 that 不能引导非限制性定语从 句 08 福建 By nine o clock all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon A of whichB on whichC from whichD above which 答案 D 考点 考查介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 解析 which 指代 Mount Qomolangma rainbow 应在山峰的上空 故用介词 above 08 江苏 The Science Museum we visited during a recent trip to Britain is one of London s tourist attractions A whichB whatC thatD where 答案 A 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 which 引导非限制性定语从句 指代先行词 the Science Museum 同时又在从句中 作 visited 的宾语 where 为关系副词 不能作宾语 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句 what 不能引导定语从句 08 山东 Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids A whoB whichC whyD when 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 when 此处为关系副词 引导定语从句 修饰先行词 occasions when 在从句中作时 间状语 07 全国 Some pre school children go to a day care center they learn simple games and songs A thenB there C whileD where 答案 D 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 where 引导非限制性定语从句 在从句中作地点状语 相当于 in which 07 北京 We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people most ofare healthy A thatB whichC whatD whom 答案 D 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 most of whom 为 代词 介词 关系代词 在句中引导非限制性定语从句 whom 指 代先行词 people That 不引导非限制性定语从句 07 上海 His movie won several awards at the film festival was beyond his wildest dream A whichB thatC whereD it 答案 A 考点 考查非限制性定语从句 解析 which 引导非限制性定语从句 指代整个主句的内容 07 天津 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activitysight matters more than hearing A whenB whoseC whichD where 答案 D 考点 考查定语从句 解析 句意为 那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动 先 行词 activity 后跟定语从句 从句中 where 作地点状语 意为 在那儿 在那种情况或场合 下 07 安徽 Last week only two people ca