2013年全国高考理综试题及答案-新课标3

Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 2013 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试 一 选择题 本题共 13 小题 每小题 6 分 在每小题给出的四个选项中 只有一项是符合题目 要求的 1 关于 DNA 和 RNA 的叙述 正确的是 A DNA 有氢键 RNA 没有氢键 B 一种病毒同时含有 DNA 和 RNA C 原核细胞中既有 DNA 也有 RNA D 叶绿体 线粒体和核糖体都含有 DNA 2 关于叶绿素的叙述 错误的是 A 叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b 都含有镁元素 B 叶绿素吸收的光可能用于光合作用 C 叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b 在红光区的吸收峰值不同 D 植物呈现绿色是由于叶绿素能有效地吸收绿光 3 下列与微生物呼吸有关的叙述 错误的是 A 肺炎双球菌无线粒体 但能进行有氧呼吸 B 与细菌呼吸有关的酶由拟核中的基因编码 C 破伤风芽孢杆菌适宜生活在有氧的环境中 D 有氧和无氧时 酵母菌呼吸作用产物不痛 4 关于免疫细胞的叙述 错误的是 A 淋巴细胞包括 B 细胞 T 细胞和吞噬细胞 B 血液和淋巴液中都含有 T 细胞和 B 细胞 C 吞噬细胞和 B 细胞都属于免疫细胞 D 浆细胞通过胞吐作用分泌抗体 5 在生命科学发展过程中 证明 DNA 是遗传物质的实脸是 孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验 摩尔根的果蝇杂交实脸 肺炎双球菌转化实验 T2 噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌实验 DNA 的 X 光衍射实脸 A B C D 6 关于酶的叙述 错误的是 A 同一种酶可存在于分化程度不同的活细胞中 B 低温能降低酶活性的原因是其破坏了酶的空间结构 C 酶通过降低化学反应的活化能来提高化学反应速度 D 酶既可以作为催化剂 也可以作为另一个反应的底物 7 在一定条件下 动植物油脂与醇反应可制备生物柴油 化学方程式如下 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 下列叙述错误的是 A 生物柴油由可再生资源制得 B 生物柴油是不同酯组成的混合物 C 动植物油脂是高分子化合物 D 地沟油 可用于制备生物柴油 8 下列叙述中 错误的是 A 苯与浓硝酸 浓硫酸共热并保持 55 60 反应生成硝基苯 B 苯乙烯在合适条件下催化加氢可生成乙基环己烷 C 乙烯与溴的四氯化碳溶液反应生成 1 2 二溴乙烷 D 甲苯与氯气在光照下反应主要生成 2 4 二氯甲笨 9 N0为阿伏伽德罗常数的值 下列叙述正确的是 A 1 OL1 0mo1 L 1的 NaAIO2水溶液中含有的氧原子数为 2N0 B 12g 石墨烯 单层石墨 中含有六元环的个数为 0 5N0 C 25 时 pH 13 的 NaOH 溶液中含有 OH 一的数目为 0 1 N0 D I mol 的羟基与 1 mot 的氢氧根离子所含电子数均为 9 N0 10 能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是 A 浓盐酸与铁屑反应 2Fe 6H 2Fe3 3H2 B 钠与 CuSO4溶液反应 2Na Cu2 Cu 2Na C NaHCO3溶液与稀 H2SO4反应 CO2 3 2H H2O CO2 D 向 FeCl3溶液中加入 Mg OH 2 3Mg OH 2 2Fe3 2Fe OH 3 3Mg2 11 ZEBRA 蓄电池的结构如图所示 电极材料多孔 Ni Nicl2 和金属 钠之间由钠离子导体制作的陶瓷管相隔 下列关于该电池的叙述错 误的是 A 电池反应中有 NaCl 生成 B 电池的总反应是金属钠还原三个铝离子 C 正极反应为 NiCl2 2e Ni 2Cl D 钠离子通过钠离子导体在两电极间移动 12 在 1200 时 天然气脱硫工艺中会发生下列反应 H2S g O2 g SO2 g H2O g H1 3 2 2H2S g SO2 g S2 g 2H2O g H2 H2S g O2 g S g H2O g H3 2S g S2 g H4 则 H4的正确表达式为 A H4 H1 H2 3 H3 B H4 3 H3 H1 H2 3 2 3 2 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a C H4 H1 H2 3 H3 D H4 H1 H2 3 H3 3 2 3 2 13 室温时 M OH 2 S M2 aq 2OH aq a c M2 b mol L 1时 溶液的 pH 等于 A B 11 2 b g a 11 2 a g b C 14 D 14 11 2 a g b 11 2 b g a 二 选择题 本题共 8 小题 每小题 6 分 在每小题给出的四个选项中 第 14 18 题只有一项符 合题目要求 第 19 21 题有多项符合题目要求 全部选对的得 6 分 选对但不全的得 3 分 有选错的得 0 分 14 一物块静止在粗糙的水平桌面上 从某时刻开始 物块受到一方向不变的水平拉力作用 假 设物块与桌面间的最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力 以 a 表示物块的加速度大小 F 表示水平拉力 的大小 能正确描述 F 与 a 之间的关系的图像是 15 如图 在固定斜面上的一物块受到一外力 F 的作用 F 平行于斜面上 若要物块在斜面上保持 静止 F 的取值应有一定范围 已知其最大值和最小值分别为 F1和 F2 F2 0 由此可求出 A 物块的质量 B 斜面的倾角 C 物块与斜面间的最大静摩擦力 C 物块对斜面的正压力 16 如图 在光滑水平桌面上有一边长为 L 电阻为 R 的正方形导线框 在导线框右侧有一宽度为 d d L 的条形匀强磁场区域 磁场的边界与导线框的一边平行 磁场方向竖直向下 导线框 以某一初速度向右运动 t 0 是导线框的的右边恰与磁场的左边界重合 随后导线框进入并通过 磁场区域 下列 v t 图像中 可能正确描述上述过程的是 17 空间有一圆柱形匀强磁场区域 该区域的横截面的半径为 R 磁场方向垂直横截面 一质量为 m 电荷量为 q q 0 的粒子以速率 v0沿横截面的某直径射入磁场 离开磁场时速度方向偏离 入射方向 60 不计重力 该磁场的磁感应强度大小为 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a A B C D 18 如图 在光滑绝缘水平面上 三个带电小球 a b 和 c 分别位于边长为 的正三角形的三个顶l 点上 a b 带正电 电荷量均为 q c 带负电 整个系统置于方向水平的匀强电场 中 已知静电力常量为 k 若 三个小球均处于静止状态 则匀强电场场强的大小为 A B C D 2 3kg l 19 在物理学发展过程中 观测 实验 假说和逻辑推理等方法都起到了重要作用 下列叙述符合史实的是 A 奥斯特在实验中观察到电流的磁效应 该效应解释了电和磁之间存在联系 B 安培根据通电螺线管的磁场和条形磁铁的磁场的相似性 提出了分子电流假说 C 法拉第在实验中观察到 在通有恒定电流的静止导线附近的固定导线圈中 或出现感应 电流 D 楞次在分析了许多实验事实后提出 感应电流应具有这样的方向 即感应电流的磁场总 要阻碍引起感应电流的磁通量的变化 20 目前 在地球周围有许多人造地球卫星绕着它转 其中一些卫星的轨道可近似为圆 且轨道 半径逐渐变小 若卫星在轨道半径逐渐变小的过程中 只受到地球引力和薄气体阻力的作用 则 下列判断正确的是 A 卫星的动能逐渐减小 B 由于地球引力做正功 引力势能一定减小 C 由于气体阻力做负功 地球引力做正功 机械能保持不变 D 卫星克服气体阻力做的功小于引力势能的减小 21 公路急转弯处通常是交通事故多发地带 如图 某公路急转弯 处是一圆弧 当汽车行驶的速率为 vc 时 汽车恰好没有向公路内 外两侧滑动的趋势 则在该弯道处 A 路面外侧高内侧低 B 车速只要低于 vc 车辆便会向内侧滑动 C 车速虽然高于 vc 但只要不超出某一高度限度 车辆便不 会向外侧滑动 D 当路面结冰时 与未结冰时相比 vc 的值变小 三 非选择题 包括必考题和选考题两部分 第 22 题 第 32 题为必考题 每个试题考生都必须作 答 第 33 题 第 40 题为选考题 考生根据要求作答 一 必考题 共 129 分 22 8 分 某同学利用下述装置对轻质弹簧的弹性势能进行探究 一轻质弹簧放置在光滑水平桌面上 弹簧左端固定 右端与一小球接触而不固连 弹簧处于原长时 小球恰好在桌面边缘 如图 a 所 示 向左推小球 使弹黄压缩一段距离后由静止释放 小球离开桌面后落到水平地面 通过测量 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support