定语从句语法例句全解

定语从句 一 概述 在复合句 有主句有从句的句子 中 修饰某一名词或代词 用作定语的从句叫做定语 从句 attributive clause 关系代词 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables 先行词 定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词 antecedent 定语从句必须放在先行词之后 关系代词和关系副词的作用 连接作用 指代先行词 在句子中充当一定成分 引导定语从句的关联词有 关系代词 who whom whose which that as 关系副词 when where why 关系代词作主语 指人 who that 不可省 指物 which that 关系代词作宾语 whom 指人 that who 口语 可省 指物 which that 关系代词作定语 Whose 指人 指物 A plane is a machine that which can fly 飞机是会飞的机器 引导词 that which 在 句中作主语 The foreigner who that visited our class yesterday is from Canada 昨天到我班来访的外 国人来自加拿大 引导词 who that 在句中作主语 They planted the trees which that didn t need much water 他们种植了需水不多的树木 引导词 which that 在句中作主语 The noodles that which I cooked were delicious 我煮的面条美味可口 引导词 that which 可省略 作宾语 The fish which that we bought were not fresh 我们买的鱼不新鲜 引导词作宾语 The girl that whom who 口语 we saw yesterday was Jim s sister 我们昨天看到 的女孩是吉姆的姐姐 引导词作宾语 特殊请况 人 介词 whom 不可省 不可用 that 物 介词 which The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li 刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生 引导词 whom 不可省略 The person t whom that who you just talked to is Mr Li The knife with which we cut the bread is sharp 我们用来切面包用的刀子很锋利 The knife which that we cut the bread with is sharp 指人 Whom that who 口语 介词 可省 指物 which that 题 She was educated at Beijing university she went on to have her advanced study abroad A after which B from which C from that D after that 做题技巧 把现行词带到定语从句中变成一完整合理的句子 答案就出来了 Whose n 物 t he n of which Of which the n 人 the n of whom Of whom the n The room whose windows face south is mine the windows of which face south is mine of which the windows face south is mine He is a teacher whose name is Tom the name of whom is Tom of whom the name is Tom 只用 that 不用 which 的情况 先行词指物除 5 6 条 当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时 all everything nothing something anything little 等不定代词时 something 之后也可用 which All that glitters is not gold 闪光的不光是金子 Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么要我做的事吗 He answered few questions that the teacher asked 他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 或现行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时 This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store 这是这家书店售出的 最有趣的书之一 The first thing that should be done is to get some food 该做的第一件事是弄点吃的 当先行词有 the very the only the right 等修饰时 That s the only thing that we can do now 目前我们只能这样了 Those are the very right words that he used 那就是他的原话 This is the best that I have 这是我所拥有的最好的 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时 They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory 他们在谈论在工厂里 看到的人和事 They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school 他 们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来 聊了约半个钟头 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 China is not the country that it was 中国已经不是过去的中国了 He is not the boy that he used to be 他已经不再是以前的那个男孩了 当要避免与疑问词 which who 重复时 Which is the car that was made in Beijing 哪辆车是北京制造的 Who is the man that is standing by the door 站在门口的那个人是谁 在 there be 句型中 先行词为物时用 that There is a book on the desk that I m very interested in 桌子上放着一本我感兴趣的书 若指人用 who eg There is lived a king in the castle who was very wise This is the first time that There be 不定代词序数词 The very the only the right 即有人又有物 作表语 which who 3 用 which 不用 that 的情况 先行词指物 引导非限制性定语从句 which 在限制性定语从句中可以指代一个或一些物 在非限 制性定语从句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整个主句 Football which is an interesting game is played all over the world 全世界都踢足球 它是一项 有趣的运动 Carol said the work would be done by October which personally I doubt very much 卡罗尔说这 项工作将在十月前做 对此我个人表示怀疑 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play which of course made the others unhappy 桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色 这当然使别人不高兴 直接放在介词后作宾语时 Language is the most important tool without which people can t communicate with each other 语 言是最重要的工具 没有它 人们便无法交流 先行词本身是 that 或 those 时 That Those which you told him about is are what I want to know 你告诉他的事情也是我想知 道的 注意 若 those 指人要用 who eg Those who are for me put up your hands 同意我的人请 举手 the same that 同一物 as 同类 eg This is the same bike that I lost yesterday 这是我昨天丢的那辆自行车 as I lost yesterday 这辆自行车和我昨天对的那辆一样 Way 作状语 in which that 作主语 宾语 which that I don t like the way in which that he speaks to me 状语 This is the way that which really works 主语 I did it in the way that which he told me 宾语 题 I your friend will try my best to help you A that is B which am C who is D who am 注意 关系代词在从句中作主语是 从句中谓语的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致 That is one of those books that are worth reading That is the only one of those books that is worth reading As 1 引导限制性定语从句 作关系代词可指人 物 可作主 宾 表语 常译成 正如 构成固定搭配 the same as such as so as as as as 不可省 I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具 作宾 语 Don t read such books as are not worth reading Read such books as you can understand 不要读 那些不值得读的书 只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了 Repeat this as often as is necessary 根据需要反复这样做 作主语 I gave him as much as he could eat 他能吃多少 我就给了他多少 作宾语 It is so big a stone as no one can lift 定语从句 这是没人能举起的一块大石头 that no one can lift it 结果状语从句 这是如此大的一块石头以至于 没人能举起它 He is such an honest man that we respect him 他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他 如此 以致 引导结果状语从句 He is such an honest man as we respect 他是我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人 such as 像 这样的 引导定语从句 引导非限制性定语从句 1 可放句首 中 末 常指代整个主句 which 只能放在主句后 He is a good student as we all know which 语法合但不能用 As we all know he is a good student He as we all know is a good student 2 as 有 正如 就像 之意 表符合人们的认识事情的发展的 所以主从句语义往往一 致 若不一致 用 which They remarried as we had expected which we hadn t expected 固定搭配 As we all know as is known to all 众所周知 As is expected 正如所料 As I remember understand 正如我所记得的 明白的那样 As is reported said announced in the newspaper 正如报道的那样 As he often was 正如经常那样 As is usual 正如往常那样 As is clear 正如很清楚的那样 As is clear he is right 关系副词 先行词为 时间 在从句中作状语时 when 适当介词 in on at which 地点 where which Reason why for which July and August are the months when the weather is hot 七八月是天气很热的月份 in which This is the house where we lived last year in which This is the reason why he did so 这就是他这样做了的理由 for which 当 point stage spot case situation 等作先行词表抽象地点时 常用 where 引导定语从句 Can you think out a situation where this word can be used Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her 并非先行词是时间地点 reason 时都用关系副词 当 时间 which 地点 在从句中作主 宾时用 that Reason 省去 This is the factory that which we visited last year 这是我们去年参观的那家工厂 I won t forget the time that which we spent in the countryside 我永远不会忘记我在农村度过 的那段时光 This is the reason that which give me 选关系代词还是关系副词 从句中缺住 宾 表 定时用关系代词 从句是完整句子缺状语 时 地 原因 时用关系副词 介词 which 不定式 此种用法多见于正式文体中 相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从 句 She had only 1 87 with which to buy she could buy Jim her husband a present 她只有一元八 角七分钱 用这些钱给他的丈夫吉姆买一件礼物 At last he had something about which to write he could write home 他终于有给家写信的内 容了 当先行词为 the way the time the period 等时 关系代词常用 that 但通常被省略 I don t like the way that you speak to her 我不喜欢你对她说话的方式 who have questions to ask raise your hands A Anyone B Those C Someone D He I have