新目标英语八年级下册unit7知识点总结

Unit 7 What s the highest mountain in the world Section A 1 square 1 adj 平方米 用于数字后表面积 an area of 95 square meters 95 平方米的面积 2 n 正方形 广场 Many old people like dancing on the square after supper 2 in size have has an area of 面积 大小 3 1 025 meters 深 1 025 米 表示事物的长 宽 高 深等时 主要有两种表达方式 1 基数词 单位名词 形容词 long wide tall deep 等 如果数词超过 1 单位名词要用复数形式 单位词 meter foot inch kilogram 等 Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall The river is 50 meters wide 2 基数词 单位名词 in 名词 length width height depth 等 two meters long two meters in length 2 米长 three feet high two feet in height 3 英尺高 3 数字 量词 单位 形容词 long wide tall deep 等 长 宽 高 深还可用复合形容词表示 各个词间用连字符连接 常作前置定语修饰名词 Jeremy Shu How Lin is a 1 91 meter tall basketball player 4 deep adj 深的 take a deep breath 深深呼吸 adj n deep depth long length high height wide width 5 any other 可数名词的单数 任何其他的 1 any other 其他任何一个 后接可数名词单数 在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物 通常用于比较级 多用于同一范围内相比较 Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China 2 any other 可数名词单数 the other 可数名词复 也可用最高级形式表达 Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class any other 可数名词单数 Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class the other 名词复数 Lucy is the most careful student in her class 6 a lot 得多 很多 非常 1 a lot 很多 做副词短语 修饰动词 放在动词之后 相当于 very much It usually rains a lot at this time of year 2 a lot of lots of 复数名词 many 复数名词 much 不可数名词 7 population 人口 人口数量 1 population 做主语且强度整体人口时 谓语动词一般用单数 The population is increasing faster and faster 2 当主语时 人口的百分之几 几分之几 时 谓语动词常用复数形式 Three quarters of the population are workers 3 表示人口的多或少时 用 large 或 small The population of China is very large 中国人口众多 4 询问某国 某地有多少人口时 用 How large How large is the population of your hometown 你们家乡有多少人口 5 What is the population of Canada 加拿大的人口有多少 提问有多少人口句型 6 表示某地有多少人口时 用 has a population of 句型 8 much 得多 修饰比较级 类似的词 even 更 a lot 很多 得多 a little 比 一点 可修饰比较级的词 a bit a little rather much far a lot a great deal any still even 9 even 甚至 用在比较级前 表示程度 10 tour n 旅行 tourist n 旅游者 touristy adj 游客很多的 tour guide 导游 The Stone Forest is an exciting sight But it is too tour Beijing is a tourist city The Great Wall is very famous in the world So it is tour 1 travel v 旅行 traveller n 旅游者 travelling adj 旅行的 2 travel to 到 旅行 travel all over the world 周游世界 11 tour trip travel journey 记 观光游玩用 tour 长途陆路用 journey 短途短期用 trip travel 用法最普遍 特别用于指游记 12 how long 多长 多久 1 对长度提问 How long is the table About 1 2 meters 2 对时间提问 常用 for 或 since 引导的时间状语来回答 How long does it take you to do your homework in the evening For two hours 13 amazing adj 惊人的 令人吃惊的 14 protect v 保护 We should protect children protect sb sth from 保护某人 某物使其不受 protect your eyes from the sun 不要让阳光伤害你的眼睛 15 as 1 conj 像 一样 正如 用来引导状语从句 I was surprised as he opened the door 2 prep 作为 I get job as a teacher 16 as far as I know 据我所知 as far as 就 来说 至于 引导状语从句 强调范围或程度 常与动词 know see 等连用 可放在 句首或句中 as far as I can remember 据我所记得的 as far as I can see 依我所见 17 one of the adj 最高级 可数名词复数 18 famous well known adj 著名的 有名的 1 be famous for 因 而著名 某人因某种知识 技能或特征而出名 China is famous for the Great Wall and Pandas 2 be famous as 作为 而出名 某人以某种身份而出名 Lu Xun was famous as a writer 19 include v 包括 including prep 包括 放在被包括的对象之前 I have many pen pals include Lucy All the people must take part in the activities the monitors and the teachers A include B including C included D to include travel一般指长途旅行 到国外或远方旅行 travel 还可作动词 tour旅行 周游 观光 一般团队都是 tour trip一般指短距离旅行 直达目的地的旅行 journey有时并不指真正意义的旅行 而只是表示走过一段距离 20 freeze v freezing adj 冻冰的 结冰的 Today it is freezing cold frozen adj 冻结的 被冰覆盖的 I don t like frozen food 21 condition 条件 状况 out of condition 不健康 身体不好 in good condition 情况良好 完好 22 take in 吸入 吞入 体内 take after 外貌 相像 take away 拿开 take down 写下 记下 take in 吸收 吸纳 take off 起飞 脱下 take it easy 别紧张 take to 喜欢 开始从事 take pictures 照相 23 while conj 1 然而 连接并列句 表对比 He is a worker while I am a doctor 2 当 的时候 引导时间状语从句 While I was doing my homework my mother came in 24 succeed v 成功 达到 success n 成功 successful adj 成功的 successfully adv 成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事 25 risk one s life to do sth 某人舍命做某事 take risks 冒险 There is a risk of sth doing sth 有 做 某事的危险 26 challenge v n 挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战 1 challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战 He challenged me to a race 他向我挑战赛跑 2 challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战 27 in the face of 面对 问题 困难等 They showed courage in the face of danger 面对危险他们表现出了勇气 28 achieve v 获得 达到 实现 achievement n 完成 成绩 achieve one s dream one s dream comes true 实现某人的梦想 29 human n 人 人类 No human could live like this 没有人能这样生活 30 force 1 n 力量 the forces of 的力量 The force of human is great 2 v 迫使 强迫 force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事 31 nature 不可数名词 自然界 大自然 natural adj 自然地 in nature 在自然界中 Section B Self Check 1 weigh v 称 的重量 重量是 weight n 重量 She weighs herself every day and wants to lose weight 2 time 1 是 的几倍 主语 数词 times as 形容词 as 被比较的内容 Our new school is four times as big as the old one 2 次数 词条是否接宾语用法 achieve是主语一般为 人 come true否主语一般是 梦想 理想 一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 基数词 times three times 三次 three or four times 三到四次 many times 很多倍 last time 在 上次 时 every time 每次 每回 each time 每当 时 the first time 第一次 时 next time 当 下次 时 3 It s time for sth 或 It s time for sb to do sth 该是 的时候了 It s time for dinner 该是吃晚餐的时候了 It s time for children to go to bed 是小孩睡觉的时候了 3 at birth 出生时 用作时间状语 give birth to sb sth 生孩子 产仔 4 up to 高达 1 up to 数量词 达到 某数量 程度等 至多 I can take up to four people in my car Up to now Tony has been very quiet 直到 现在 2 be up to sb 由某人决定 Shall we go out or stay in It s up to you 5 the other 其他的 指两个事物或两个人中的另一个 后接名词时 表示其他的人或物 One The other 两者中 一个 另一个 the others the other 复数名词 the other 的复数形式是 the others 其他东西 其余的人 特指某一范围内的 其他的 人或物 Two boys will go to the zoo and the others will stay at home 6 prepare for 为 准备 1 prepare sth 准备 后接名词或代词作宾语 Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office 2 prepare to do sth 准备做 They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain 他们正准备过河 突然下雨了 3 prepare for sth 为 做准备 The students are busy preparing for the final exam 学生们正在准备期末考试 7 awake adj 醒来 反义词 asleep 睡着的 She was awak all night v 唤醒 使醒来 wake up The noise awak me 8 run ran run running runner 赛跑的人 run over 撞倒 跑过去 run after 追逐 追求 run away from 从 跑掉 逃避 run out 某物 被用完 run out of 用完 某物 run into 无意间碰到 和 相撞 9 excite v 使 兴奋 excitement n 激动 兴奋 1 excited 形容词 表示 兴奋的 指人 物对 感到兴奋 是 主动地感到 兴奋的 2 exciting 形容词 表示 令人兴奋的 使人激动的 指人 事 物本身让人兴奋 激动 He told us an exciting story yesterday Are you excited about going to Beijing 3 be excited about 对 感到激动 4 to one s excitement 使某人兴奋的是 10 fall 落下 跌落 降落 指在重力的作用下落下 或失去平衡而跌落 The leaves fall in the autumn fall down 跌倒强调的是滑倒 倒下 后接宾语时应加上介词 from The book fell down from the table to the floor fall down 倒下 fall over 落在 之上 脸朝下跌倒 fall off 下降 跌落 fall over 向前摔倒 跌倒 11 die v 非延续性动词 死表示生命的结束 death n 死 死亡 dead adj 死的 dying adj 将死的 1 be dead 死 死亡 Lucy s dog s die yesterday Its made her sad His grandpa die for five years 2 die from 外因 死于 主要指事故等方面的外部原因 die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故 die from a car accident 死于一场车祸 3 die of 内因 主要指疾病 衰老 情感等自身原因 die of hunger an illness 饿 病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992 4 die out 家族 物种等 灭绝 绝迹 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了 12 illness 疾病 病 1 ill sick 共同点 生病的 有病的 不同点 ill adj 生病的 有病的作表语 不能作定语 2 be ill in hospital 3 sick 作表语 作定语 病人 a sick man 或 the sick She is ill sick in bed 她卧病在床 She is looking after her sick father 她在照顾她生病的父亲 4 sick 恶心的 厌倦的 The smell makes me sick 这气味使我感到恶心 13 spend in doing 花时间做某事 1 spend spent spent v 花费 主语是人 sb spend 时间 钱 on sth sb spend 时间 钱 in doing sth spend on pay for 支付 He spends too much time on the computer games 2 pay paid paid v 支付 主语是人 sb pay 钱 for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book 3 cost cost cost v 花费 主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb 钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money 4 take took taken v 花费 It takes took sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework 14 cut down 砍伐 砍倒 cut down 砍倒 减少 降低 缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree cut something from something 切下 割下 cut something away 切除 剪去 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断 停止 15 less 更少的 1 less 是 little 小 少 的比较级 He spends less time in doing experiments 他做实验花时间较少 2 less 形容词或副词 构成劣等比较 较不 更不 It is less cold than it was yesterday 天气不如昨天那样冷 3 not less than 基数词表示不下于 至少 不止 4 no less than 基数词表示达 之多 言其多 There are not less than 40 students in this class 这个班级至少有 40 个学生 No less than 1 000 people were missing in the earthquake 地震中失踪人数多达一千人 16 There be 名词 短语 ving 某处有某人或某物在做某事 There is a truck collecting rubbish outside 17 remind v 保持 仍是 系动词 adj Though he has been working hard his math remains A bad B badly C OK At the meeting they said nothing but quiet A took B make C reminded 18 another 数词 另外的 再 1 another 同类事物 三个以上 的另一个 I don t like this one please show me another 我不喜欢这个 请给我另一个 2 some others 一些 另一些 Some boys are reading others are listening to the radio 有些孩子在阅读 有些则在听收音机 3 one the other 表示两者里面的另一个 I ve bought two sweaters One is for you and the other is for my brother 4 other 复数名词 Where are the other students 其他同学在哪里 19 there be 句型的将来时 There willl be There is going to be 20 比较级 and 比较级 越来越 richer and richer become more beautiful and beautiful 21 基数词 用来表示数量的词叫做基数词 1 数字的写法和读法见下表 1 911 1910 90 整十基数词 21 99 非整十基数词 one 1eleven 11ten 10twenty one 21 two 2twelve 12twenty 20twenty two 22 three 3thirteen 13thirty 30thirty three 33 four 4fourteen 14forty 40forty four 44 five 5fifteen 15fifty 50fifty five 55 six 6sixteen 16sixty 60sixty six 66 seven 7seventeen 17seventy 70seventy seven 77 eight 8eighteen 18eighty 80eighty eighty 88 nine 9nineteen 19ninety 90ninety nine 99 1