大学英语语法虚拟语气

精选文库虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。I. 虚拟语气用于状语从句1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句：（1） 表示与过去事实相反的假设时从句中谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用would (could, should, might)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam. (If it had rained, we would not have gone out.)（2） 表示与现在事实相反的假设时从句中谓语用过去式（be的过去式为were）, 主句谓语用would (could, should, might)+动词原形。If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting. (If it rained now, we would not go out.)(3) 表示与将来事实相反的假设时与（2）表与现在相反的假设相同，或用were to+动词原形。 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it should stop raining, the crop would be safe. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out.) (If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.) (If it should rain tomorrow, we wound not go out.)(4) 当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。If you had taken my advice, you would be all right now.(5) 省略倒装式Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.= If you had been here earlierWere I in school again, I would work harder.= If I were in school againShould there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.= If there should be a meeting tomorrow.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.= Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.(6) 用介词或介词短语代替条件从句，主句用法同（1）、（2）、（3）。Without air, there would be no living thing.= If there were no air, there would be no(现在/将来)But for your help, I couldnt have done it.= If you had not helped me, I couldnt have done it.(过去)without = but for= if it were not / had not been forIf it were not for the air, there would be no living thing. = Were it not for the air(现在/将来)If it hadnt been for your help, I couldnt have done it.= Had it not been for your help(过去)We could have succeeded earlier under more favorable condition.Who but a fool would believe that?We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. (7) 其它通过上下文体现条件的虚拟 Given more time, we would do it better. It would be wrong not to take this into consideration. I could continue talking about this, but we must go on to the next topic. Anybody else would have done that. Suppose he never said that to her, what would happen then? (假设他从来没跟她说过那样的话，那情况会是怎么样呢？) Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。)对比：Supposing it rains, we will still go. Supposing it rained, we would still go.2. 虚拟语气用于as if/though, even if/though等引导的方式状语从句中(1) 从句发生在主句之前，从句中谓语用had done/had beenThey are talking as if they had been friends for years.(2) 无先后关系，从句中谓语用did/wereHe walked pass the soldier as if they didnt exist.(3) 从句发生在主句之后，从句中谓语用would/should +动词原形She talked sadly as if she would cry.3. 在in case, lest, for fear that等目的状语从句中，谓语多用“should+动词原形”表虚拟 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I should forget. He got up early that morning lest he should miss the train.(他那天早上起得很早，生怕误了火车。)He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemys hands.4.虚拟语气用于让步状语从句(1)whether引导的让步状语从句Whether she be poor or rich, I will still love her.（虚拟）= No matter whether she is poor or rich, I will still love her.（一般句子）= Be she poor or rich, I will still love her. （虚拟、倒装、省略） So long as the child is shown exactly how to do somethingwhether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. (Book II Unit 1 ) (2) 其它让步状语从句 Whatever be the reason for his action, we will support him. Come what may well carry on our work. （虚拟、倒装、省略）II. 虚拟语气用主语从句It is desirable /strange that we (should) work hard in English.(advisable, best, better, crucial, essential, important, necessary, imperative, incredible, insistent, natural, necessary, possible)It is a desire / request that he (should) talk to his friends like that.(pity, shame, must, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion, wonder)It is desired / requested that he (should) be present.(arranged, decided, ordered, proposed, required, recommended, suggested, settled)III. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句1.wish+宾从, 表不能实现的愿望从句需用虚拟(1) 过去不能实现的愿望，从句中谓语用had+过去分词，或would(could)+have+过去分词We wish we had arrived there 2 hours earlier. (2) 现在不能实现的愿望，从句中谓语用过去式我希望一年四季都是春天。I wish it were spring all the year round.(3) 将来不能实现的愿望，从句中谓语用would(could)+动词原形I wish I would be in Guangzhou a minute later.2. would rather后接从句需用虚拟Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.Id rather she did the work now. I would rather that you came tomorrow. I am very busy now.对比:I would rather go tomorrow (would prefer, would sooner, would just as soon) 3. 在一些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟should+动词原形 We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. (advise, request, require, order, demand, command, order, insist, argue, determine, decide, ask, propose, prefer, recommend)IV. 虚拟语气用于定语从句: It is time后加从句需用虚拟It is (high) time that we went to bed.=It is time to go to bed.= It is time we should go to bed. (should 不可省)V. 虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中His suggestion is that we (should) work hard in English.He made a suggestion that we (should) work hard in English.(advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, motion, necessity, order, plan, preference, pray, proposal, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding)VI. 虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a child, I wouldIf only I had taken his advice, I would have.If only I had another chance.I dread the coming exams. If only I could have time to review my lessons.对比: If only it clears up, we will go. If only it cleared up, we would go.VII. 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿中(动词用原形) ： 世界和平万岁! Long live world Peace!老阿婆说，“愿上帝保佑你。” “God bless you，”said the old woman 愿老天保佑我们。 Heaven help us 祝你一生幸福。 May you be happy all your life 愿再也不发生世界大战！ May there never be another world war!VIII. 其它虚拟语气1. 表喜悦、惊奇、怀疑、失望等情绪的句子，从句谓语多用“should+动词原形”表虚拟 I never expected that she should be the new manager of our company. We are surprised that they should arrive at such a conclusion.2. 用had hoped表过去没有实现的愿望，从句谓语多用“would+动词原形”表虚拟 I had hoped that we would talk about this issue after the conference.3. 有些短语中包含虚拟语气，如：as it were, if need be, would have thought He is，as it were，a walking dictionary (他可说是一部活字典。)In the 11th grade, at the 11th hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.（Book I Unit 1） I can help you take care of the baby if need be. (如果有必要，我可以帮你照看孩子。)Who would have thought we could accomplish our task so smoothly. (谁会想到我们能够如此顺利地完成任务。) 虚拟时间/句式if 从句主句过去现在/将来将来将来时态练习题：1. He is talking so much about America as if he there. A.had been B. has been C. was D.been2. If my daughter here last Saturday, she me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D.were; would have prevented 3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out5. -I