最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习-(精华版)

1 主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致的概念 主谓一致的概念 所谓主谓一致是指 主语和谓语动词 之间 即 主语的人称和单复数形式 决定着 谓语动词对应的形式 1 主谓一致的种类主谓一致的种类 一 一 语法一致语法一致 1 两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候 谓语动词有以下两种情况 1 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候 谓语动词用复数 He and she both students of this school 2 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物 或者指同一概念的时候 谓语要用单数 The singer and dancer going to give us a performance The knife and fork on the table 2 如果主语是不定式 动词 ing 形式或主语从句的时候 谓语动词一般用单数 When he is coming seems very important Collecting stamps is his hobby To love her is not to break her wings 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀 3 定语从句的关系代词 who which that 在从句中作主语时 要与的人称和数保持一致 Those who enjoy singing may join us Tom who is your friend should help you 如果句子中有这些连接词 with along with together with as well as besides like without except but including 和主语连用 谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化 The teacher together with his students is planting trees in the street 二 二 意义一致原则意义一致原则 指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义 有的主语名词在形式上是单数 但在意义上却是复数 有 的主语名词在形式上是复数 但在意义上却是单数 1 中心词为 all most some any none 作主语 谓语动词视情况而定 All of the apples rotten 所有的苹果都烂了 All of the apple rotten 整个苹果都烂了 None of the money left 没有剩下一点钱 None of the students there 没有学生在那里 2 the rest of half of part of majority of percent of one third of 在句子中加名词作主语的时候 谓语动词 与 of 后面的名词保持一致 Half of the students finished their composition 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文 Half of the apple bad 一半的苹果坏了 About 60 percent of the students in our school boys 我们学校 大约百分之六十的学生是男生 3 集合名词作主语 动词可用单数 也可以用复数 主要由句子的意思决定 强调整体谓语动词用单 数 指全体人员时 动词则用复数 这一类常见的集合名词有 public family class crowd population team group His family going out 他们全家要外出 His family all music lovers 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者 4 某些名词如 people police cattle 等 形式上是单数 但意义上是复数 谓语动词应用复数 people 指 民族 时是例外 The police are searching for a thief The cattle are eating grass on the hill 5 复合不定代词作主语 谓语动词要用单数 如 someone somebody something anybody anyone 2 anything everybody everyone everything nobody no one nothing Someone is asking for you Nothing is found in the room 6 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数形式 例如 glasses clothes trousers shoes compasses chopsticks scissors 等 但如果主语用 a kind of a pair of a series of 等加名词 构成时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 The pair of shoes is worn out 这双鞋破了 The shoes are worn out 鞋子破了 7 某些名词以 s 结尾如 maths politics physics news plastics 等 谓语动词应用单数 Physics is a very interesting subject 物理是一门很有趣的学科 8 不定代词 each every no 所修饰的名词 谓语动词仍用单数形 式 every and every each and each no and no 在以上短语中 and 连接的单数名词 整个短 语在句中作主语时 谓语动词常使用单数 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema Each man and each woman is asked to attend Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功 No sound and no voice is heard 听不到任何声音 9 以 a number of 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 以 the number of 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 A number of new books are on the desk The number of students in you class is 50 10 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样 作主语的时候 其谓语动词由上下文决定 这一类名词有 means works deer fish sheep Chinese Japanese 等 Not every means is useful 不是每种方法都好使 Not all means are useful 不是所有的方法都好使 11 如果主语有 more than one 很多 非常 或 many a 许多 构成 one and a half 与单数名词组成的短 语 尽管从意义上看是复数内容 但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式 More than one student has read the book Many a girl has been there 但是 more 复数名词 than one 结构之后 谓语动词一般多用复数形式 More members than one are against your plan A pair of shoes was on the desk Many a boy has seen it 许多孩子都看到了 12 书刊名 时间 距离 价格 度量衡等的复数名词作主语时 谓语动词常用单数 Thirty years is not a long time Roots is a famous American novel 三 三 就近原则就近原则 either or neither nor not only but also whether or 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在 there be 句型 中 谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致 Neither you nor I am wrong There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday 注意事项注意事项 1 this kind of book a book of this kind 这种书 其谓语用单数 短语 this kind of men men of this kind these kind of men 口语 这一类人 但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数 men of this kind 的谓语 用复数 all kinds of 后跟复数名词 谓语用复数形式 3 This kind of men is dangerous Men of this kind are dangerous 2 在主谓倒装的句子中 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 例如 Between the two windows hangs a picture 3 分数或百分数 名词 构成的短语以及由 a lot of lots of plenty of a large quantity of a heap of heaps of half of 名词 构成的短语作主语时 其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致 这 是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词 而短语中前面的量词是修饰语 例如 Lots of damage was caused by fire About three fourths of the earth s surface is covered with water Three fifths of the workers here are women 4 a large quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数 A large quantity of people is needed here quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词一般用复数 Quantities of food nuts were on the table 短语 in quantity in large quantities 意为 大量 in small quantities 意为 少量 a great deal of a large amount of 修饰不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 large amounts of 修饰不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数 例如 5 表示数量的 one and a half 后 名词要用复数形式 但是其短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 One and a half bananas is left on the table 6 单复数同形的名词作主语时 依照意义一致的原则 表示单数意义时 谓语用单数 反之 谓语用 复数形式 这类名词有 sheep deer means 方法 手段 works 工厂 species 种类 7 在主谓倒装的句子中 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 如 Between the two windows hangs a picture 练习一 1 Three died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter A hundreds peopleB hundred people C hundreds peoplesD hundred peoples 2 Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting A is handing outB are to hand out C are handing outD is to hand out 3 I who your close friend will try my best to help you out of trouble A amB isC areD be 4 The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China which known to us all A is to hold isB is to be held was C are to hold isD are to be held is 5 There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up A were itB are them C was itD is them 6 Three million tons of coal every year in the city A is exploited B are exploited C had exploitedD have exploited 7 Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now A isB wasC areD were 8 Mathematics the language of science A areB are going to be C isD is to be 4 9 Both rice and wheat grown in our country A isB areC wasD were 10 either of your parents come to see you recently A HaveB HadC HasD Is 11 What the children in the mountain village need good books A is B areC haveD has 12 The whole family TV attentively A are watchingB is watching C is seeingD are seeing 13 Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday A wasB were C have beenD would be 14 At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village A wereB wasC isD sits 15 If law and order neither the citizen nor his family is safe A are not preservedB is not preserved C were preservedD have not been preserved 16 There little change in that middle school A haveB hadC have beenD has been 17 What such a sunset is strange to us all A going to be B C isD that 18 Seventy five percent of the earth s surface with water A is covered B is covering C were coveredD are covered 19 The following some other mental diseases A beingB areC wasD were 20 Not only you but also I able to help him out A areB isC amD were 21 The Kites us a story of the kite s history A have toldB tells C were toldD was told 22 You and I twin sisters A wereB areC isD am 23 A teacher of English and class teacher us something about volunteer workers A are telling B is telling C are given D were given 24 Thousands of tons of rubbish over a large period of time A rots awayB rot away C has rotted awayD are rotted away 25 Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly built stadium A is cleaning B are cleaning C were cleaningD have cleaned 26 Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln A have knownB knows C is knownD are known 27 The defence works built long ago to keep the enemy away 5 A wereB has been C had beenD was 28 Have you all studied the passage Using the Mind against Disease A Nobody of us hasB Nobody of us have C None of us hasD None of us did 29 A group of Italian soldiers quickly towards their position A were advancingB were advanced C was advancingD advancing 30 Everyone men and women old and young sports and games A is enjoyB were enjoying C enjoysD enjoy 练习二练习二 1 1 TheThe oldold well well lookedlooked afterafter byby thethe governmentgovernment inin China China A A isis B B areare C C hashas beenbeen D D waswas 2 2 TheThe secretarysecretary andand managermanager very very busybusy now now A A isis B B areare C C waswas D D werewere 3 3 BothBoth thethe secretarysecretary andand thethe managermanager agreed agreed toto attendattend thethe meeting meeting A A hashas B B havehave C C areare D D waswas 4 4 TomTom asas wellwell asas twotwo ofof hishis classmatesclassmates invited invited toto thethe party party A A waswas B B werewere C C havehave beenbeen D D hadhad beenbeen 5 5 EitherEither youyou oror I I going going toto thethe teachers teachers officeoffice afterafter class class A A amam B B isis C C areare D D willwill 6 6 MostMost ofof hishis sparespare timetime spent spent inin reading reading A A areare B B werewere C C waswas D D havehave beenbeen 7 7 ThisThis isis oneone ofof thethe bestbest novelsnovels thatthat appeared appeared thisthis year year A haveA have beenbeen B B hashas C C hadhad beenbeen D D havehave 8 8 TenTen thousandthousand dollarsdollars quite quite a a largelarge sum sum A areA are B B isis C C werewere D D havehave 9 9 AboutAbout 2020 percentpercent ofof thethe workwork done done yesterday yesterday A A areare B B isis C C werewere D D waswas 10 10 MrMr SmithSmith togethertogether withwith hishis childrenchildren arrived arrived A areA are B B hashas C C isis D D havehave 11 11 ItIt I I whowho leaving leaving forfor London London A is isA is is B B am isam is C C is amis am D D am amam am 12 12 NotNot onlyonly TomTom butbut alsoalso hishis wifewife fond fond ofof watchingwatching television television A A areare B B werewere C C bebe D D isis 13 13 WhenWhen andand wherewhere toto buildbuild thethe newnew factoryfactory yet yet A A isis notnot decideddecided B B areare notnot decideddecided C C hashas notnot decideddecided D D havehave notnot decideddecided 14 14 AlthoughAlthough thethe firstfirst partpart ofof thethe bookbook isis easyeasy thethe restrest 6 A A areare difficultdifficult B B hashas provedproved difficultdifficult C C isis supposedsupposed difficultdifficult D D havehave beenbeen foundfound difficultdifficult 15 15 ThatThat theythey werewere wrongwrong inin thesethese mattersmatters nownow clearclear toto usus all all A A isis B B waswas C C areare D D werewere 16 16 HalfHalf ofof hishis goodsgoods stolenstolen thethe otherother day day A A areare B B werewere C C isis D D waswas 17 17 MathematicsMathematics the the languagelanguage ofof science science A A areare B B areare goinggoing toto bebe C C isis D D isis toto bebe 18 18 EachEach ofof thethe studentsstudents a a Chinese EnglishChinese English dictionary dictionary A A havehave B B hashas C C therethere isis D D therethere areare 19 19 TheyThey eacheach a a beautifulbeautiful handkerchief handkerchief A A havehave B B hashas C C therethere isis D D therethere areare 20 20 BetweenBetween thethe twotwo rowsrows ofof treestrees the the teachingteaching building building A A standstand B B standsstands C C standingstanding D D areare 21 21 ThisThis pairpair ofof shoesshoes made made inin Nanjing Nanjing A isA is B B areare C C havehave beenbeen D D hadhad beenbeen 22 22 NoNo oneone exceptexcept mymy parentsparents anything anything aboutabout it it A A knowknow B B knowsknows C C isis knowingknowing D D havehave knownknown 23 23 A A numbernumber ofof studentsstudents from from thethe south south A A areare B B isis C C havehave D D hashas 24 24 TheThe numbernumber ofof studentsstudents fromfrom thethe northnorth small small A areA are B B isis C C havehave D D hashas 25 25 WritingWriting storiesstories andand articlesarticles what what I I enjoyenjoy mostmost A isA is B B areare C C waswas D D werewere 26 26 HisHis Selected Selected Poems Poems first first publishedpublished inin 1965 1965 A wereA were B B waswas C C hashas beenbeen D D areare 27 27 MissMiss SmithSmith isis a a friendfriend ofof A A Mary sMary s mother smother s B B Mary sMary s mothermother C C Mother sMother s ofof MaryMary D D MaryMary mother smother s 28 28 A A goodgood dealdeal ofof moneymoney spent spent onon books books A A havehave B B hashas C C havehave beenbeen D D hashas beenbeen 29 29 OnOn thethe wallwall twotwo largelarge portraits portraits A A hangshangs B B hanghang C C hangedhanged D D hanginghanging 30 30 turn turn greengreen inin spring spring A A LeafLeaf B B LeafsLeafs C C LeaveLeave D D LeavesLeaves 31 31 FatherFather wentwent toto hishis doctordoctor forfor about about hishis heartheart trouble trouble A A anan adviceadvice B B adviceadvice C C advicesadvices D D thethe advicesadvices 32 32 AllAll butbut oneone here here justjust now now 7 A A isis B B waswas C C hashas beenbeen D D werewere 33 33 TheThe numbernumber ofof peoplepeople invitedinvited fifty fifty butbut a a numbernumber ofof themthem absent absent forfor differentdifferent reasons reasons A A were were waswas B B was was waswas C C was was werewere D D were were werewere 34 34 TheThe airair inin bigbig citiescities very very dirtydirty byby factories factories A A areare oftenoften mademade B B isis oftenoften mademade C C havehave oftenoften mademade D D hashas oftenoften mademade 35 35 NobodyNobody to to smokesmoke inin thethe cinema cinema A A allowsallows B B allowallow C C isis allowedallowed D D areare allowedallowed 36 36 TheThe ChineseChinese peoplepeople hard working hard working andand brave brave A A areare B B isis C C hashas beenbeen D D areare beingbeing 37 37 can can bebe donedone been been done done A A All All havehave B B AllAll that that havehave C C All All hashas D D AllAll that that hashas 38 38 JohnJohn hashas twotwo brothersbrothers butbut eithereither out out ofof workwork now now A A areare B B isis C C hashas D D havehave 39 39 TheThe policepolice the the murderermurderer everywhereeverywhere whenwhen hehe suddenlysuddenly appearedappeared inin a a theatre theatre A A isis searchingsearching forfor B B werewere searchingsearching forfor C C areare searchingsearching forfor D D werewere searchingsearching 40 40 ApplesApples ofof thisthis kindkind A A tastestastes goodgood B B tastestastes wellwell C C tastetaste goodgood D D tastetaste wellwell 41 41 YourYour trouserstrousers dirty dirty youyou mustmust havehave washed washed A A is is itit B B are are itit C C are are themthem D D is is themthem 42 42 WhereWhere rubbish rubbish therethere areare flies flies A A therethere areare B B therethere isis C C isis D D therethere hashas 43 43 TheThe OlympicOlympic GamesGames held held everyevery years years A A is is fourfour B B are are fourfour C C is is fivefive D D are are fivefive 44 44 ManyMany a a manman comecome toto helphelp us us A A havehave B B hashas C C isis D D areare 45 45 HeHe isis thethe onlyonly oneone ofof thethe studentsstudents whowho elected elected A A areare B B havehave C C hashas D D isis 46 46 Three fourthsThree fourths ofof thethe homeworkhomework today today A A hashas finishedfinished B B hashas beenbeen finishedfinished C C havehave finishedfinished D D havehave beenbeen finishedfinished 47 47 ThoseThose whowho inin compositions compositions pleaseplease handhand themthem inin thisthis afternoon afternoon A A hasn thasn t handed handed hishis B B haven thaven t handed handed theirtheir C hasC has handed handed theirtheir D D havehave handed handed hishis 48 48 JaneJane isis oneone ofof thethe bestbest studentsstudents inin herher classclass whowho by by theirtheir teacher teacher A A areare praisedpraised B B isis praisedpraised C C praisedpraised D D praisingpraising 49 49 TheThe wholewhole classclass the the teacherteacher attentively attentively A A areare listeninglistening toto B B isis listeninglistening toto C C areare listeninglistening D D isis listeninglistening 50 50 BetweenBetween thethe twotwo