灵璧三中高二英语写作学案之五 被动语态讲学练

35 灵灵璧璧三三中中高高二二英英语语写写作作 学学案案 之之五五 被被动动语语态态 讲讲学学练练 制作 张亚 审核 高二普高英语备课组时间 2012 4 3 一 学习目标 1 知道被动语态的用法 1 2 3 2 掌握被动语态的结构 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 人称 数 时态的变化是通过 be 表现出来 被动语态的基本结构 肯定句 主语 be 动词的过去分词 by 否定句 主语 be not 动词的过去分词 by 一般疑问句 Be 主语 动词的过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 be 主语 动词的过去分词 by 3 学会并运用被动语态 二 学前测试 写出被动语态构成的九种形式 以动词do为例 1 一般现在时 2 一般过去时 3 情态动词的被动语态 4 一般将来时 5 过去将来时 6 现在进行时 7 过去进行时 8 现在完成时 三 互动导学过程 知识点一 英语中两种语态的互变 重点是由主动语态变被动语态 其基本变化的步骤 1 主动语态的宾语 被动语态的主语 2 谓语动词由主动 被动 时态要相符 3 原主语有必要时 则用介词 by 引导放在动词后 代词由主格变为宾格 We study English in our school English is studied by us in our school 试一试试一试 1 They play football on Sunday 2 Lucy does the homework in the evening 3 They built the tall building last year 4 He took good care of his little brother yesterday 5 We will have a sports meeting next week 6 Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow 7 He can take care of the baby 8 Lucy may draw the pictures 9 Some workers are painting the rooms now 10 I was doing my homework at 8 00 last night 11 We have made twenty more keys 知识点二 2 当动词带有复合宾语 有宾补 并且宾补是省去 to 的动词不定式时 在被动语态中 应加上 to 即 主动省 to 被动加上 to e g They make us do all the work 被动句 We are made to do all the work by them 1 We often hear her sing songs 被动句 2 I saw him walk to school 被动句 这些动词真奇怪 主动句中to 离开 被动句中to回来 常考词有 make see hear feel watch notice 等 知识点三 当动词带双宾语时 一个宾语是指人 一个是指物 将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句 的主语时 另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来 如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语 在被动句中则指人宾语前应加 to 或 for 常见加 to 的动词有 give send teach write show pass ask tell 常见加 for 的动词有 make buy draw e g He gives me a flower every day I am given a flower by him every day A flower is given to me by him every day My mother bought me a computer 被动 1 I 被动 2 A computer 知识点四 系动词没有被动形式 主动形式表被动意义 常见的有 taste 尝起来 sound 听起来 feel 摸起来 look 看起来 smell 闻起来 等 例如 1 The apple tastes good 36 2 The song sounds gentle 知识点五 有些动词如 sell 卖 wash 洗 write 写 等与副词 well 好 easily 容易 地 等连用 描绘事物的特性 用主动表被动 例如 1 The coat washes easily 2 The books sell well 应该注意的问题 1 主动语态变被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态一致 2 动词加介词或副词构成的短语 变被动语态时 要保持短语的完整 不要把短语 拆 开 也不要把介词或副词去掉 1 we should look after young trees Young trees should be looked after 2 Now the old people must be spoken to politely 3 当主动语态的主语是 nobody on one 等含有否定意义的不定代词时 改被动时 将 其变为 anybody 做 by 的宾语 并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态 e g Nobody can answer this question This question can be answered by nobody 误 This question can t be answered by anybody 正 4 当主动语态为否定句 宾语为 anything anybody anyone 等不定代词时 改被动语 态时应分别改为 nothing nobody no one 做主语 并将谓语动词变为肯定形式的被动语 态 e g They haven t done anything to make the river clean Anything hasn t been done to make the river clean 误 Nothing has been done to make the river clean 正 5 还有一些不能用于被动语态的情况 1 不及物动词 系动词 还有一些短语不能用于被动语态 例如 look sound taste smell seem become happen take place break out come true belong to 2 表状态的动词 例如 have cost fit last own 3 宾语反身代词 相互代词 不定式 动词的 ing 等不能用于被动结构 You must look after yourselves well 4 及物动词后表示地点 处所 组织时不能改被动 例如 enter leave reach join 5 主动句中有表示数量 长度大小等单词做宾语 6 动 名词 构成短语一般不改为被动 The boy makes faces in class 四 四 当堂检测当堂检测 把下列句子改为被动句 1 People use knives for cutting things Knives for cutting things 2 The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month The windows of their classroom twice a month 3 I found the ticket on the floor on the floor 4 I told her to return the book in time She to return the book in time 5 His doctor made him have only two meals a day He only two meals a day 6 Now people can use computers to help them Now computers to help them 7 Did you plant many trees at this time last year at this time last time 8 Must we finish our work today our work today 9 The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps 1 some wonderful stamps 2 Some wonderful stamps 10 The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer Tom to turn on the computer 11 In this factory women do most of the work Most of the work by women in this factory 12 He can mend the bike in two days The bike in two days 13 You must take this medicine