初中 定语从句 讲解与练习(全)

第 1 页 共 4 页 初中初中 定语从句定语从句 一 定义一 定义 何为定语定语 句子中用于修饰名词或代词的句子成分 如 beautiful girl excellent show 一般地 定语在修饰词前 something wrong 此时定语在修饰词后 被称为后置定语 定语从句 定语从句 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman 2 You must do everything that your boss tells you to do 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词先行词 定语从句放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的连词 关系代词关系代词 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 和关系副词关系副词 where when why 关系词常有三个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman who 引导定语从句 代替先行词 man 并在从句中充当 主语 的功能 who the man lives next to us 2 You must do everything that your boss tells you to do that 引导定语从句 代替先行词 everything 并在从句中充当 宾语 的功能 your boss tells you to do everything that 注意注意 who that 也可引导宾语从句 The man says that he lives next to us Jane asked who had sent her the folower 宾语从句无先行词 that 在引导宾语从句时 在从句中不充当任何成分 分类分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有 逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 This novel which I have read three times is very touching I will never forget the touching novel that I have read three times 二 关系代词引导的定语从句二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人指人 在从句中做主语或宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom who you talked about 2 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 注 Mr Liu is the person about whom you talked Mr Liu is the person about who you talked Mr Liu is the person about you talked 3 which 指物指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday which 在句子中做宾语 4 that 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 The people that who come to visit the city are all here 在句子中做主语 2 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 5 whose 的 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 第 2 页 共 4 页 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 4 Do you like the book whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 相似点总结相似点总结 当关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当宾语成分时往往可以省略 但当其充当介词后的宾语时 介词可提前 也可置于从句动词后 若介词至于关系代词前时 关系代词不可省略 Mr Liu is the person about you talked 三 关系词只能用三 关系词只能用 that 的情况的情况 a 先行词被序数词序数词或形容词最高级形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级时 He was the first person that passed the exam This is the best film that I have ever seen b 被修饰的先行词本身为 all everything anything nothong little much 等不定代词时 或先行词被 all any every each much many every some little few no 修饰时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop I have read all the books that you have gave me He told me everything that he knew c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 等词修饰时 只能用 that This is the same bike that I lost He is the only man that I want to see d 先行词同时含有人和物时同时含有人和物时 只能用 that I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room e 句中已有 who 或 which 时 为避免重复 只能用 that Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是 there be 结构 修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用 which There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom there be 句型实为倒装句 真实主语为 a book 而非 there 四 关系词只能用四 关系词只能用 which who whom 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况 a 先行词为 that those one he 时 表物用 which 表人用 who 而不用 that What s that which is under the desk Those who respect others are usually respected by others b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 指人 whom 指物 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives This is the room which that he lives in c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 指代人 用 who whom 指代人 而不用 that Tom came back which made us happy He has a son who has gone abroad for further study 五 关系副词的用法五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is the place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 六 关系代词 六 关系代词 that who whom which whose 与关系副词 与关系副词 when where why 的区分的区分 核心 关系代词在从句充当主语或宾语 whose 充当定语 关系副词在从句中充当状语成分 第 3 页 共 4 页 方法 判断从句的句子成分 若缺主语 则肯定用关系代词 若缺定语 则肯定用 whose 表 的 若缺宾语 则肯定用关系代词 若缺状语 则肯定用关系副词 如何区分从句谓语动词谓语动词后缺的是 宾语 还是 状语 判断该动词的类别 及物动词 不及物动词 若为及物动词 则后本该接名词作宾语 所以用关系代词代替先行词在从句中充当宾语成分 若为不及物动词 且动词后未带介词 则动词后缺状语成分 所以用关系副词在从句中充当状语成分 若为不及物动词 但且动词后带介词 则应用关系代词在从句中充当该介词的宾语成分 Yesterday afternoon I visited Beibei Museum is very interesting I don t think the time we have is enough Monday will be the time he arrived HaiYu hotel they stayed yesterday is four star hotel Hai Yu hotel they stayed in yesterday is four star hotel 巩固练习巩固练习 一 请分析下列定语从句 标出先行词 引导词 并分析先行词在句子中充当了什么成分 1 The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate 2 Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar 3 You couldn t understand people who talked fast 4 I have some ideas that may help 5 Can you think of any problems you have had recently 6 My friends and I talked about the people and the rules that we have in school 7 Standing very close to the person with whom you are talking is quite common in some countries 8 All I ever wanted to do was traveling 9 I will never forget the day when we met there 10 This is the house where I was born 11 I can t imagine the reason why she should refuse my offer 二 选择关系代词和关系副词填空 that which who whom whose when why where 1 This is the man wants to see you 2 The man you went to see has come 3 The student answered the question is Zhang Hua 4 The runner you are asking about is over there 5 The person to you should write is Mr Ball 6 Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday 7 A clock is a machine tells people the time 8 The film about they are talking is very interesting 9 I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited 10 Is there anyone family is in Beijing 11 Disney is an amusement park you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies characters 12 Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad 13 It was March 12th people get together to plant trees 14 That is the reason she doesn t come to work as usual 三 单项选择 1 Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady comes from Beijing A who B which C whom D whose 2 What s the name of the program 第 4 页 共 4 页 A which are listening B you are listening to C to that you are listening D that you are listening 3 The students were all interested you told them yesterday A in which B in that this C all that D in everything 4 He was the only person in his office was invited A whom B whose C that D which 5 This is the museum we visited last year A where B in which C which D in that 6 Charlie told his mother all had happened A that B what C which D who 7 Do you know the student A whom I often talk B with who I often talk C I often talk with D that I often talk 8 I like the house windows face south A whose B who s C it s D its 9 Would you tell me where to get the dictionary A what I need B I need C which I need it D that I need it 10 The young woman I spoke just now is a young doctor A who B to whom C whom D that 11 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 12 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 13 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 14 Anyone with what I said may put up