(精)会计英语大全

1 第一讲第一讲 会计英语的常用术语会计英语的常用术语 1 account n 账 账目 a c 账户 e g T account T 型账户 account payable 应付账款 receivable 应收账款 2 Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提 1 accounting entity 会计主体 entity 实体 主体 2 going concern 持续经营 3 accounting period 会计分期 financial year fiscal year 会计年度 financial adj 财务的 金融的 fiscal adj 财政的 4 money measurement 货币计量 权责发生制 accrual basis accrual n 本身是应计未付的意思 accrue v 应计未付 应计未收 e g accrued liabilities 应计未付负债 3 Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求 1 可靠性 reliability 2 相关性 relevance 3 可理解性 understandability 4 可比性 comparability 5 实质重于形式 substance over form 6 重要性 materiality 7 谨慎性 prudence 8 及时性 timeliness 4 Elements of accounting 会计要素 1 Assets 资产 current assets 流动资产 cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物 bank deposit inventory 存货 receivable 应收账款 prepaid expense 预付费用 non current assets 固定资产 property land and building 不动产 plant 厂房 equipment 设备 PPE e g The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31 2006 was US 1 500 000 2 Liabilities 负债 funds provided by the creditors creditor 债权人 赊销方 current liabilities 当期负债 non current liabilities 长期负债 total liabilities account payable 应付账款 loan 贷款 advance from customers 预收款 bond 债券 由政府发行 government bond treasury bond 政府债券 国库券 debenture 债券 由有限公司发行 3 Owners equity 所有者权益 Net assets funds provided by the investors Investor 投资者 paid in capital contributed capital 实收资本 shares capital stock u s 股票 retained earnings 留存收益 2 同时记住几个单词 dividend 分红 beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings reserve 储备金 资产重估储备金 股票溢价账户 e g The company offered issued 10 000 shares at the price of US 2 30 each 4 Revenue 收入 sales revenue 销售收入 interest revenue 利息收入 rent revenue 租金收入 5 Expense 费用 cost of sales 销售成本 wages expense 工资费用 6 Profit income gain 利润 net profit net income 5 Financial statement 财务报表 1 balance sheet 资产负债表 2 income statement 利润表 3 statement of retained earnings 所有者权益变动表 4 cash flow statement 现金流量表 6 Accounting cycle 1 journal entries 日记账 general journal 总日记账 general ledger 总分类账 trial balance 试算平衡表 adjusting entries 调整分录 adjusted trial balance 调整后的 试算平衡表 Financial statements 财务报表 closing entry 完结分录 2 Dr Debit 借 Cr Credit 贷 Double entry system 复式记账 7 Exercise 练习 1 purchases of inventory in cash for RMB 3 000 现金人民币 3 000 元购买存货 Dr inventory 3 000 借 存货 3 000 Cr cash 3 000 贷 现金 3 000 2 sales on account of US 10 000 赊销方式销售 收入 10 000 美元 Dr account receivable 10 000 借 应收账款 10 000 Cr sales revenue 10 000 贷 销售收入 10 000 3 paid RMB 50 000 in salaries a pollution control device was compulsively required to be installed at a cost of 2 500 loading and unloading fee of 800 please calculate the acquisition cost of the equipment 答疑编号 811030101 List price 60 000 freight costs 1 000 pollution control 2 500 loading and unloading fee 800 total Acquisition Cost 64 300 fair value 公允价值 market value 市场价值 Lecture example Edison company owns a chain of restaurants On January 1 2008 the company acquired a restaurant from its competitor for 40 000 The fair value of the assets was assessed as following the building had a market value of 35 000 the equipments had the fair value of 10 000 and the fixtures of 5 000 Q what s the acquisition cost of each asset Prepare a journal entry to record the acquisition 7 答疑编号 811030102 Total acquisition cost 40 000 Total fair value of the acquired assets 35 000 10 000 5 000 50 000 Market Value Acquisition Cost building 35 000 28 000 40 000 35 000 50 000 equipment 10 000 8 000 40 000 10 000 50 000 fixture 5 000 4 000 40 000 5 000 50 000 50 000 40 000 Dr building 28 000 Dr equipment 8 000 Dr fixture 4 000 Cr bank deposit 40 000 借 固定资产 建筑物 28 000 设备 8 000 固定设施 4 000 贷 银行存款 40 000 4 Depreciation 折旧 depreciation n 折旧 损耗 有些资产 amortization 摊销 无形资产 accumulated depreciation 累积折旧 depreciation expense 折旧费用 depreciate v depreciable adj depreciation base 折旧基数 historical cost of assets book value carrying value 账目价值 historical cost accumulated depreciation estimated residual value estimated salvage value 预计净残值 estimated adj 预计的 估计的 estimate v 估计 判断 估价 residual adj 残留的 剩余的 salvage n 海上救助 海上打捞 从灾难中抢救出的财物 残留物 残余物 depreciable amount depreciation base estimated residual value estimated useful life 预计使用年限 No of years No of production units useful life 使用寿命 使用年限 固定资产已提的减值准备 methods a straight line method 直线折旧法 平均年限法 b units of production method 工作量法 Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧法 c double declining balance method 双倍余额递减法 d sum of the years digits method 年数总和法 journal entry 与折旧有关的会计分录 Dr depreciation expense 折旧费用 Cr accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Lecture examples 1 Straight line depreciation depreciable amount 可折旧金额 depreciation expense of each year 年折旧额 estimated useful life year 尚可使用年限 8 Leo company purchased a laundry equipment on Sept 1 2007 for 60 000 The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of 6 000 The company is comparing the use of the straight line method and the units of production method to depreciate the asset The equipment will be used to produce 10 000 units in the first two years and 20 000 units in the following three years Please calculate the depreciation expense the accumulated depreciation and the book value of the equipment under both methods for each of the five years of the asset s life 答疑编号 811030103 60 000 cost 5 year life 6 000 residual value Depreciation expense of each year in 5 years 60 000 6 000 5 10 800 Year1 2345 Depreciation expense10 80010 80010 80010 80010 800 Historical cost60 00060 00060 00060 00060 000 Accumulated depreciation10 80021 60032 40043 20054 000 Book value49 20038 40027 60016 8006 000 2 Units of production depreciable amount depreciation expense unit 每单位产品的折旧额 units production 生产的产品产量 Depreciation expense of each unit in 5 years 60 000 6 000 80 000 0 675 Depreciation expense of each year depreciation expense of each unit No of units produced in that year 答疑编号 811030104 Year1 2345 Depreciation expense6 7506 75013 50013 50013 500 Historical cost60 00060 00060 00060 00060 000 Accumulated depreciation6 75013 50027 00040 50054 000 Book value53 25046 50033 00019 5006 000 3 Double declining balance book value at start of period 期初账面价值 double straight line rate 双倍折旧率 depreciation expense for that period 当期折旧费用 book value carrying value 账面价值 cost of asset 资产的成本 accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 straight line rate平均年限法折旧率 1 no of years estimated useful life 折旧年限 double straight line rate 双倍余额法折旧率 2 straight line rate 平均年限法折旧率 4 Sum of the years digits 年数总和法 depreciable amount years left at beg of period 期初剩余使用年限 sum of the years digits 年数数位的总和 第四讲第四讲 常用会计科目的英文名称常用会计科目的英文名称 9 1 资产类科目 Assets 现金 Cash and cash equivalents 银行存款 Bank deposit 应收账款 Account receivable 应收票据 Notes receivable 应收股利 Dividend receivable 应收利息 Interestreceivable 其他应收款 Other receivables 原材料 Raw materials 在途物资 Materials in transport 库存商品 inventory 存货跌价准备 provision forthe declinein value ofinventories 坏账准备 Bad debt provision 待摊费用 Prepaid expense 10 交易性金融资产 Trading financial assets 持有至到期投资 held to maturity investment 可供出售金融资产 Available for sale financial assets 短期投资 Short term investment 长期股权投资 Long term equity investment 固定资产 Fixed assets 累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 在建工程 Construction in process 固定资产减值准备 provision for the decline in value of fixed assets 无形资产 Intangible assets 累计摊销 Accumulated amortization 商誉 Goodwill 递延所得税资产 deferred tax assets DTA 11 2 负债类 Liability 短期借款 Short term loans borrowing 长期借款 Long term loans borrowing 预收账款 advance from customers Deposit received 应付票据 Notes payable 应付账款 Account payable 应付工资薪酬 wages payable 应付股利 Dividends payable 应付利息 Interest payable 应交税费 Tax payable 其他应付款 Other payables 递延所得税负债 Deferred tax liabilities 3 所有者权益类 OWNERS EQUITY 实收资本 Paid in capital paid up 资本公积 Capital reserves 盈余公积 Surplus reserves 未确认投资损失 Unrealized investment losses 未分配利润 Retained earnings after appropriation 4 成本类科目 Cost 生产成本 Manufacturing Cost 制造费用 Manufacturing overhead 劳务成本 labor costs 研发支出 R useful life 5 years Dr Intangible assets patent 20 000 Cr Bank deposit 20 000 借 无形资产 专利权 20 000 贷 银行存款 20 000 Lecture example 2 Company A also has an internally generated 自创的 brand name with an estimated fair value of 500 000 注意 自创的品牌不作为企业的无形资产核算 5 Measurement after recognition 无形资产的后续计量 在有关无形资产的题目中 可能还会涉及到用英文处理无形资产的后续计量 无形资 产的后续计量主要是牵扯到资产的使用寿命 useful life 摊销 减值测试等问题 这 就需要我们明白下面一组单词的含义 以便更好的判断是否对无形资产进行摊销或减值测 试 amortization n 摊销 amortize amortise v 摊销 c f depreciate 折旧 e g The intangible asset is to be amortized over five years useful life 使用寿命 intangibles with finite 有限的 useful life 使用寿命有限 amortized over the useful life 在使用寿命内进行摊销 intangibles with indefinite useful life 使用寿命不确定 not to be amortized and be tested for asset impairment 不摊销而进行资产减 值测试 c f indefinite 不确定的 infinite 无限的 definite 确定的 Lecture example 3 Company A purchased a patent for the design of a kind of TV set on 3 January at a cost of 20 000 This patent based on its technology is estimated to have a useful life of 5 years A 公司于 1 月 3 日以人民币 2 万元购买了一个电视的设计专利权 该专利权的使用寿 命为 5 年 14 Dr management expense Amortization expense 4 000 Cr Accumulated amortization patent 4 000 Lecture example 4 Company A purchased a register trade mark 注册商标 for 300 000 The trademark can be renewed 更新 indefinitely subject to continued use 初始计量 Dr Intangible assets trade mark 300 000 Cr Bank deposit 300 000 后续计量 impairment test for each accounting period 每一会计期间进行减值 测试 6 the disposal of intangible assets 无形资产的处置 When the intangible assets are saled 当无形资产被售出时 借 银行存款 无形资产减值准备 累计摊销 营业外支出 处置非流动资产损失 出售实现损失时 贷 无形资产 营业外收入 处置非流动资产利得收益 出售实现收益时 Dr Bank deposit Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets Accumulated amortization Non operating expense loss on disposal of non current assets when loss occurs Cr Intangible assets Non operating revenue gain on disposal of non current assets when gain occurs 当无形资产预期不能为企业带来经济利益时 应当将该无形资产的账面价值予以转 销 其账面价值当作当期损益 借 营业外支出 累计摊销 无形资产减值准备 贷 无形资产 Dr non operating expense Accumulated amortization 15 Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets Cr Intangible assets 第六讲第六讲 资产减值资产减值 Assets Impairment 教学内容 在本章的教学中主要向学生介绍资产的英文定义 资产的会计处理 主要包括资产的 计量方法中使用的英文术语 资产的后续计量中涉及到资产减值的内容 通过课堂例题的 练习使大家掌握资产减值题目的解答方法 1 Definition of asset An asset is a resource owned or controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity owned or controlled by the entity 由企业拥有或者控制 as a result of past events 由过去的交易或者事项形成 from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity 预期会给企业带来 经济利益 此外 满足资产定义还有以下两个条件 probable 很可能的 measurable 可以计量的 2 Asset Measurement 资产的计量 measure v 计量 度量 measurable adj 可计量的 Historical cost 历史成本 原始成本 e g Traditionally a company s assets were valued at their historical costs With inflation such assets were usually undervalued replacement cost 重置成本 e g With replacement cost accounting assets are valued at the amount it would cost to replace them 在重置成本会计方法下 资产通常是以替换现存资产的所需的成本来计量的 net realizable value 可变现净值 e g At the reporting date a company s inventory should be valued at the lower of cost or the net realizable value 在资产负债表日 公司期末存货应按照成本或可变现净值孰低计量 present value 现值 e g The leased assets are usually valued at the present value of future cash flows generated from the assets 租赁资产通常是以来自于该资产的未来现金流的现值来计量的 Fair value 公允价值 e g Real estate investment measured with the fair value model should be adjusted to the fair value 在公允价值模式下计量的投资性房地产 应该被被调整到以公允价值进行计量 Recoverable amount 可回收金额 the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and the present value of expected future cash flow e g When an asset is indicated to be impaired its carrying valued should be reduced to the recoverable amount 当有迹象表明资产减值时 资产的账面金额应该降至可回收金额 selling price 销售价格 16 contract price 合同价格 carrying value book value 账面价值 3 Accounting for Assets 资产的会计处理 Initial recognition 初始计量 account for assets at cost 以成本记入 cost the amount paid consideration any incidental costs consideration n 对价 付款 any incidental costs 杂费 运输费 保险费 会计费用 初始计量的分录 以孤独资产为例 Dr fixed assets Cr bank deposit Depreciation 折旧 Dr depreciation expense 折旧费用 Cr Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Introduction to asset impairment 资产减值 impair v 削弱 损坏 impair by use 因为使用而损坏 e g Technical renovation indicates that the asset owned by our company is impaired impairment n 损害 减少 恶化 e g asset impairment 资产减值 impairment test 减值测试 资产减值适用以下资产 Real estate investment valued under cost model 成本计量模式的投资性房地产 Long term equity investment 长期股权投资 Fixed assets 固定资产 Biological assets 生产性生物资产 Extractive Industries 采掘行业的油气资源 Intangible assets 无形资产 Goodwill 商誉 4 How to do impairment test 如何做资产减值测试 资产减值的迹象 Indicators of asset impairment Is there any indication that an asset is impaired significant decline in market value 资产的市价大幅度下跌 significant changes in the technological market economic or legal environment 企业 经营所处的经济 技术或者法律等环境的重大变化 physical damage or evidence of obsolescence 资产实体已损坏或资产陈旧过时 evidence from internal reporting the asset is performing worse than expected 企业内部报 告的证据表明资产的经济绩效已经低于或将低于预期 如果发生资产减值迹象 我们应该估计可回收金额 Recoverable amount the higher of the asset s fair value less costs to sell 资产的公允价值 减去处置费用后的净额 or its present value of expected future cash flow 资产预计未来现 金流量的现值 Time value of money 货币的时间价值 The carrying amount of an asset should be reduced to its recoverable amount 资产减值分录 Dr Impairment loss Cr provision for the impairment of asset provision for the decline in value of asset 17 借 资产减值损失 贷 资产减值准备 Lecture example1 On Dec 31 2007 Linda company found that there was indicator showing that the asset was impaired and tested an equipment for impairment The carrying value of the equipment is 10million If the company sold the asset it could gain 9 2million The cost to sale would be 0 2million If the equipment is kept in use the present value of expected cash flow generated from the asset would be 8million Please calculate the amount should be recognized as the provision for the decline in value of the fixed assets on Dec 31 2007 林达公司于 2007 年 12 月 31 日发现其拥有的一台机器设备存在减值迹象故进行减值测 试 该设备目前的账面价值为 1000 万元 如果公司出售该资产将获利 920 万 发生的处置 费用预计为 20 万元 如果继续使用该设备 那么该资产预计的未来现金流的现值为 800 万 元 请计算该公司于 2007 年 12 月 31 日应该计提的固定资产减值准备的金额是多少 18 答疑编号 811060101 a Is there any indication that an asset is impaired Yes b What is the recoverable amount of the equipment FV less costs to sell 9million PV of the expected future cash flows 8million The recoverable amount 9million The provision for the decline in value of the fixed assets 10million 9million 1million Dr Impairment loss 1 000 000 Cr Provision for the impairment of asset 1 000 000 Fisher company owns an equipment with the historical cost of 30 million The amount of 8million has been recorded as accumulated depreciation and 2 million as provision for the impairment of fixed assets On Dec 31 2006 the company made impairment test to the equipment and found there was indicator showing that the asset was impaired If the equipment is sold 18 million can be gained gain after the cost to sale is deducted If it is kept in use the residual useful life would be 5 year and the expected future cash flow in the each year is in the following table Year Expected future cash flow Discount rate 1 6 million 2 5 5 million 3 4 million 4 3 2 million 5 1 8 million 5 Please analysis if the equipment has been impaired If it is so make necessary accounting entries 19 费希尔公司拥有某种设备的原值为 3000 万元 已经计提折旧 800 万元以及减值准备 200 万元 该公司于 2006 年 12 月 31 日对甲设备进行减值测试时发现 该类设备存在明显 的减值迹象 如果公司出售该设备 将获得 1800 万元的净利润 如果继续使用 剩余的使 用年限为 5 年 未来 5 年的现金流净值如表中所示 年预计未来现金流折现率 1 600 万 2 550 万 3 400 万 4 320 万 5 180 万 5 请问该资产是否发生减值 如果发生减值 计算其减值准备 并作出会计处理 20 答疑编号 811060102 a Is there any indication that an asset is impaired Yes b What is the recoverable amount of the equipment Carrying value 20 million FV less costs to sell 18million PV of the expected future cash flows 600 1 5 550 1 5 2 400 1 5 3 320 1 5 4 180 1 5 5 18 2million The recoverable amount 18 20million Provision for the impairment of the fixed assets 20million 18 20million 1 8million Dr Impairment loss 1 800 000 Cr Provision for the impairment of asset 1 800 000 第七讲第七讲 负债负债 Liabilities 1 Liabilities n 负债 Definition a present obligation of the entity arising from past events the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits Present obligation 现在的义务 Past events 由过去的交易或事项引起的 Outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits 经济利益的付出 Probable contingent liabilities 或有负债 可能的 Measurable 可以计量的 2 Classification current liabilities and non current liabilities Current liabilities 流动负债 accounts payable 应付账款 current notes payable 应付票据 dividends payable 应付股利 advance from customers 预收账款 Non current 长期负债 long term loan 长期借款 bonds payable 应付债券 3 Measurement of liabilities Current liabilities at face value 以面值计量 Non Current liabilities at net present value NPV 净现值 21 4 Lecture examples illustration Lecture examples1 On Jan 5 X company bought office furniture from Y company for 15 000 on credit and agree to pay the amount by the end of June X company cannot pay its 15 000 account with Y company on time As an accommodation on July 1 Y company agree to accept X company s 3 months note with the face value of 15 000 at the rate of 5 Please do necessary accounting entries for X company 答疑编号 811070101 January 5 Dr Fixed assets office furniture 15 000 固定资产 Cr Account payable 15 000 应付账款 July 1 Dr Account payable Y company 15 000 应付账款 Cr Notes payable 15 000 应付票据 Interest 15 000 5 750 July 31 August 31 Sept 30 Dr Interest expense 750 利息支出 Cr Interest payable 750 应付利息 October 1 Dr Notes payable 15 000 应付票据 Interest payable 2 250 应付利息 Cr Bank deposit 17 250 银行存款 Lecture example 2 On March 1 Lucky Travel Agency Company received 5000 advance payment from ABC company for its employee training tour By the end of March 3000 has been earned by Lucky Travel Agency Company y by provide tour guide service Make the journal entry for Lucky Travel Company 答疑编号 811070102 March 1 Dr Cash 5 000 现金 Cr Advance from customer 5 000 预付货款 22 March 31 Dr Advance from customer 3 000 预付货款 Cr Service revenue 3 000 主营业务收入 Lecture example 3 The board of director of Thomason telecom company declared a annual dividend of 1 5 p