牛津英语译林版毕业班中考英语复习资料

初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 1 初中英语知识点复习系列初中英语知识点复习系列 一 系动词和助动词一 系动词和助动词 1 系动词 系动词 连接主语和表语 它不表示动作 与表语一起描述主语的性质 特征 状态 身份等 它也不能单独 作谓语 但它有自己的汉语意思 和其后面的形容词等一起构成句子的谓语 英语系动词分为两类 例如 1 表示情况的 如 be look keep 等 He is a student 表示身份 The coat is nice and cheap 表示性质 The cat looks like a hat 表示特征 2 表示变化的 如 get grow become turn 等 Winter is coming the weather gets colder and colder The rice grows fine Our country becomes stronger and stronger Spring comes the tree turn green again 常见的连系动词有 be adj n 是 在 become n adj 变成 turn adj 变得 get adj 变得 grow adj 长得 keep adj 保持着 feel adj 感到 look adj 看上去 seem adj n 看起来好象 smell adj 闻起来 fall asleep 入睡 2 助动词 助动词 本身无词义 不能单独作句子的谓语动词 在句中 它主要帮助句子中的谓语动词构成各种时态 语 气 否定和疑问结构等 如果句子是否定结构 not 必须放在助动词后面 英语助动词有 shall will should would be have do 等 例如 The students are playing football now 构成现在进行时 He does not like playing football 构成否定句 Do you like playing football 构成一般疑问句 Do come here tomorrow 构成强调句 典型错句解析典型错句解析 1 You must look after yourself and keep health 解析 health healthy keep 作系动词用时 后接形容词 2 He will become a pianist 解析 will become became become 作系动词用时 一般不用于 将来成为 的意思 此句又可改为 He has become a pianist 3 You will twenty five years old next month 解析 will will be 助动词 will 本身没有词义 可用在各种人称的将来时态中 Will 在将来时态中 后接动词原形 will be 才能构成完整的谓语 4 He works even harder than you work 解析 work do 助动词 do 代替主要动词 以避免重复 二 代词二 代词 代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词 因此代词在句子中的功能和名词一样 可作主语 宾语和表语 有些代词还可修饰名词 英语代词可分为人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 疑问代词 关系代词 连接代词 不定 代词 相互代词等九种 现把学过的六种代词介绍如下 单 数复 数 代 词 第一人称 第二人 称 第三人称第一人称 第二人 称 第三人称 主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey 人称代词 宾格meyouhim her itusyouthem 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 2 形容词 性 myyourhis her itsouryourtheir 物主代词 名词性mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs 反 身 代 词myselfyourself himself herself itself ourselvesyourselves themselves 指 示 代 词this thatthese those 可数 each one many a few both another either neither 不可数 much a little 可数 不可数 all some none such any other不定代词 复合不 定代词 anybody one thing somebody one thing nobody thing everybody one thing 疑 问 代 词 who whom whose which what 1 人称代词 表示 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 等的词 叫做人称代词 人称代词的排列有以下几种 我 你 他 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 即 you he and I 她和老师 名词 人称代词 即 the teacher and she 我 他和一些别的人 人称代词 其他代词 即 he I and some others 第三人称两性 性别 并用时 如 他和她 即 he and she 人称代词的主格作主语 宾格作及物动词宾语或介词宾语 作表语时 书面语用主格 口语中则用宾 格 例如 You must speak English as often as possible He told me the bad news He didn t listen to me Who s going to go 以上代词在句中分别作什么成份 2 物主代词 物主代词表示所有关系 分为形容词性和名词性两种 形容词性物主代词作定语 名词性物主代词作 主语 宾语和表语 形容词性物主代词后要跟名词 名词性物主代词可以单独使用 其作用相当于一个 形容词加上一个名词 物主代词有人称和数的区别 例 This is my dictionary Yours Your dictionary is on the desk 一 Is this your classroom No It s theirs their classroom 3 反身代词 表示动词所表达的动作反回到施动者本身 一般是由第一 二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代 词的宾格加上 self 复数 selves 构成 起强调作用 反身代词可作动词宾语 介词宾语 同位语等 例如 Please help yourself to some fish 作动词宾语 He thinks more of himself than others 作介词宾语 I myself did it 作同位语 I spoke to the manager himself 作同位语 注 反身代词常接在动词 enjoy hurt help 等词后 4 指示代词 指示代词是将所指事物与同类中的其他事物区分开来的一种代词 表示 这个 那个 这 些 那些 等指示概念 指示代词在句中相当于名词 形容词的作用 可作主语 宾语 定语 表 语等 例如 This That is what I want to say 作主语 We should always keep this these in mind 作宾语 For these those reasons I was late 作定语 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 3 The reason is this 作表语 5 不定代词 不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量和不定范围的人和事物 不定代词可代替名词或形容词 在句 中作主语 宾语 表语和定语 下面举例说明 some 和 any some 一些 any 一些 任何 修饰可数名词和不可数名词 some 用在肯定句中 any 多用于疑问句和 否定句中 例如 There are some books in the desk There are not any books in the desk Have you any money 注意 some 可用于表示邀请 请求的疑问句或用于说话者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中 any 有时也用 于肯定句 表示 任何的 任何一个 任何一些 等 例如 Would you like some tea 希望对方肯定回答 Yes thank you Could I ask you some questions 希望对方肯定回答 Of course you can You can ask me any questions 任何问题 little a little few a few little a little 修饰不可数名词 few a few 修旆可数名词 a little a few 表示肯定的概念 即 尽管 少但 有 few little 表示否定的概念 表示 没有 例如 There is a little water in the river You can walk across it There is little water in the river You have to swim across it He has few friends so he often feels lonely I have a few friends in America I often write to them each every everybody everyone everything each 相当于名词和形容词 用作定语或单独使用作主语 宾语 定语 同位语等 every 不可单独使 用 它必须放在名词等前 只能作定语 each 与 every 的区别 1 each 侧重于单个 every 侧重于全体 整体 2 each 用于二者或二者以上 every 用于三者或三者以上 everybody 与 everyone 相同 意思是 每人 人人 everything 意思是 一切 每件事 例如 Two boys came into the classroom Each wore a red coat Every student has a new book Everybody knows this thing don t they Everything goes well doesn t it 把上面两个句子改为反意疑问句 注意用什么代词代替 everybody everything both either neither both either neither 都与 两个 有关 both 两者 都 全 指两个人或事物 可作主语 宾语 定语 例如 Both books are good There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road either 两个中间的 任何一个 这个或那个 可作主 宾 定语 例如 There are two books You may take either of them Would you like a cup of tea or coffee Either is OK neither 两者之间 一个也不 neither 是 either 的否定形式 可作主语 宾语 定语 例如 Neither of them knows Japanese Either Li or Wang knows English none no nobody no one nothing none no nobody no one nothing 都与 无 有关 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 4 none 用于指人或物 可与 of 短语连用 用作单数或复数 而且常用于习语中 nothing 没有东西 没有什么 not anything 若作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 Is there nothing in the box No It s empty 一 How many elephants did you see there None What did you see in the zoo yesterday Nothing 注意 以上两句中的答句 None Nothing 不可相互替代 no 表示 没有 任何的 等于 not any 或 not a an 例如 He has no money He has not any money We have no lessons on Sundays We have not any lessons on Sundays She has no brother She has not a brother nobody 或 no one 后不可接 of 短语来表示 某些人当中 a11 a11 作形容词且与名词连用时 名词前需加 the 或 one s 即 all the one s 名词 例如 I will teach English all my life All the people are here 当 all 代替可数名词作句子主语时 谓语动词用复数 当 all 代替不可数名词作句子主语时 谓语动词 用单数 例 All are here Let s begin our meeting all 代替所有参加会议的人 All is well that ends well all 代替所有事情 other the other others the others another the other 指两者中的另外一个 例 He has two pens one is blue the other is yellow other 复数名词 others 相同 泛指其他的人或物 例 Some students are carrying water others other students are watering the trees the other 复数名词 the others 特指一定范围内的其他人或物 例 There are fifty students in Miss Gao s class twenty students are boys the others are girls the other 数词 指剩余的数目 例 He bought three pencils one is for me the other two are for him another 单数名词或 another 数词 复数名词 表示在原来基础上再来一个或一些 例 I don t like the color of this bag May I have a look at another one May I have another three books 6 疑问代词 疑问代词有 who whom whose which what 等 who 和 what who 问姓名 what 问职业 例 Who is he He is Smith What s your father He is a worker what 和 which which 表示在一定数目 或范围 之内的选择 某某范围内的 哪一个 哪一些 what 则没有这种限 制 例 What do you usually have for lunch 你通常午餐吃什么 Which do you prefer apple or pear 苹果和梨 你喜欢哪一个 Which of you comes from Beijing 你们当中哪一个来自北京 whom 和 whose whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 例 With whom is she talking now Whose book is on the desk 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 5 典型错句分析典型错句分析 1 Is there any one in the classroom None 解析 None No one none 是对 all 即三个以上的否暄 后面常接带 of 的短语 而 no one 代表单数名 词 意为 没有一个人 不能与 of 连用 2 The bird builds its nest in the tree 解析 it s its it s 是 it is 或 it has 的省略形式 而 its 则是物主代词 它的 意义不同 不能混淆 3 I like none of the two novels none neither 对两者 both 否定应为 neither 4 Do you think the TV sets made in Shanghai are better than ones made in Beijing are 解析 ones those one ones 和 that those 皆可代替前面的名词 避免重复但 one ones 要求有代词或形 容词之类的前置定语 that those 则要求有介词短语 分词短语或从句一类的后置定语 例 What kind of ice cream would you like A big pink one The days in summer are longer than those in winter 典型错句解析 1 Is there any one in the classroom None 解析 None No one None 是对 all 即三个以上的否定 后面通常接带 of 的短语 而 no one 代表单数 名词 意为 没有一个人 不能与 of 连用 2 The bird builds its nest in the tree 解析 it s its 是 it is 或 it has 的省略形式 而 its 则是物主代词 它的 意义不同 不能混淆 3 I like none of the two novels 解析 none neither 对两者 both 否定应为 neither 代词练习 A 人称代词 1 Is this picture A my B her C yours D our 2 Some of are Young Pioneers A they B their C them D themselves 3 A friend of came here yesterday A my B his C her D your 4 I saw in the street yesterday afternoon A he B his C him D himself 5 I ll go to see tomorrow morning A she B hers C her D herself 6 Mary decided to do the work A she B hers C herself D himself 7 Nobody taught him drawing He learned it A him self B herself C his D himself 8 This is his ruler That s A I B me C my D mine 9 Whose pencil box is this It s A he B his C him D he s 10 My dictionary is here Where is A you B your C yours D your s 11 She told a friend of would go to America A him her B his hers C him hers D he she s 12 pencil box is beautiful But is more beautiful than A Tom s my he B Tom s mine his C Toms mine him D Tom s my his 13 Most of want to do the work A us ourselves B us ours C we ourselvesD ours ourselves 14 Whose exercise books are these They are A their B theirs C them D their s 15 Did the children enjoy last Sunday A them B themselves C himself D themselves 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 6 16 Don t tell me the answer I ll work out the problem A by me B myself C my self D me 17 Help to some meat please A you B your C yourself D yours 18 Lei Feng was always ready to help others He never thought of A him B his C himself D he 19 Their room is on the first floor and is on the second A our B ours C us D ourselves 20 A friend of will give a talk next Monday A him our B his we C his us D he ours 21 That is violin A Tom B Tom s C Toms D Toms 22 The hospital is a bit far from here It s about A forty minutes s walk B forty minute s walk C forty minutes walk D forty minutes walk 23 This dictionary is not It s A I B me C mine D my B 不定代词 1 I have two pens One is red is blue A the other B others C other D another 2 There wrong with my bike A are something B are anything C is anything D is something 3 Mike and Joan are good at math s A neither B both C each D no one 4 There are two maps on the wall One is a map of America is a map of the world A others B other C the other D another 5 I m not busy Haven t to do A something B everything C nothing D anything 6 His parents are doctors A each B all C both D no one 7 Of the three foreign friends one is from London two are from New York A other B the other C others D the others 8 Are these two books interesting Yes of them are interesting A both B all C either D neither 9 Mary wanted to have a work with Tom She had to tell him A important something B nothing important C anything important D something important 10 There wrong with the machine A aren t something B aren t anything C isn t something D isn t anything 11 My parents are I are interested in music A both B all C neither D no 12 Look at those students Some are cleaning the window are sweeping the floor A the other B other C others D the others 13 She has an apple in one hand and a knife in A other B the other C another D others 14 You may keep the book for two weeks but you mustn t lend it to A other B others C the other D the others 15 I study Chinese English and some subjects A other B the other C others D the others 16 Do they often talk to each in English A others B the other C other D the others 17 World you like milk A some B any C little D a few 18 beasts nor birds would have the bat as their friend A Either B Neither C Not D Both 19 I m hungry Please give me to eat A something B anything C everything D nothing 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 7 20 Mary sings better than of the other girls in her class She sings best A some B any C most D one 21 This story is more interesting than two A other B others C the other D the others 22 All the students had gone out There was in the classroom A somebody B anybody C nobody D everybody 23 Since is here let s begin our meeting A anybody B everybody C somebody D nobody 24 has taken my pencil by mistake I can t find it A Somebody B Everybody C Nobody D Anyone 25 Did they find in the park No they found there A anybody nobody B somebody everybody C anybody somebodyD everybody anybody 26 Tom and Mary are good at French A each B both C no one D all 27 She made mistakes in her exercises A any B another C no D one 28 There are fifty students in their class of them are league members A Both B Either C All D No one 29 We must learn from other A every B on C each D all 30 The students have on Sundays A no any classes B no class C no classes D no any class 31 There isn t on the playground A anyone B everyone C nobody D any people 32 If you need a ruler I ll lend you A some B one C another D the one 33 I have two friends One is from Australia is from Japan A other B the other C another D others C 不定代词 little a little few a few 1 The film is not interesting people like it A Little B A little C Few D A few 2 That teacher was too busy to work in his office He had time to do the work A few B a few C little D a little 3 The artist has learned Russian for four months and he can write Russian now A few B a few C little D a little 4 Don t hurry You still have time A little B a little C few D a few 5 There is ink in the bottle I have to buy some A little B a little C few D a few 6 Tom made quite mistakes in the test A few B a few C little D a little 7 Can you speak English Yes but only I ve studied it for only months A a little few B little a few C a little a few D few a little 8 Would you like some meat Yes just A a few B few C a little D little 9 Be quick There is time left A little B a little C few D a few 10 The question is so difficult that students can answer it A few B a few C little D a little 11 You did quite well in the test You made mistakes A few B a few C little D a little 12 Is there any ink in the bottle Yes there is A few B a few C little D a little 13 Have you any friends in Pairs Yes I have there A few B a few C little D a little 14 Tom was ill yesterday but he is better today 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 8 A few B a few C little D a little 15 The children want to play longer A little B a little C few D a few 16 Sorry I can t answer your questions I know about the subject A few B a few C little D a little 17 Don t hurry We still have time left A little B few C a little D a few D 疑问代词 1 went to the Great Wall with you A What B When C Who D Whose 2 is Jim s bag the blue one or the red one A Which B What C Whose D Where 3 newspaper is this It s mine A Who s B Whom C Which D Whose 4 did Jack do last Sunday A When B What C Where D Who 5 is your father He is very well thank you A What B Who C HowD Where 6 will you have the meeting Tomorrow morning A Where B When C HowD Who 7 are you doing now I m making a model plane A What B When C HowD Where 8 Do you know they re talking about A where B why C whatD how 9 Do you know daughter she is A where B whose C what D which 10 Could you tell me train is leaving for Shanghai A what B which C where D when 11 subjects do you have this year A Which B When C What D Whom 12 do you find easier to learn English or Chinese A What B Which C How D Where 13 do we have for lunch A What B When C Where D How 14 did you meet at the station A What B Who C Where D Why 15 do you like the film I like it very much A How B What C When D Where 三 名词三 名词 名词是表示人 事物 地点的名称的词或抽象概念的名称的词 名词分类见下表 个体名词 可数 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 名词 不可数 抽象名词 专有名词 1 专有名词的用法 1 表示一个人 物或地点的专有名词 须以大写字母开头 例如 Ann Lucy Lily Tom Mike John Beijng Shanghai Nanjing Washington D C Christmas New Year s Day May Day March April June July October 2 专有名词前不加冠词 也无复数 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 9 例如 English spoken in England John lives on Lincoln Street Tuesday comes after Monday 3 海洋 河流 山脉 岛屿等专有名词前要加 the 例如 the Pacific Ocean the Yellow River the Tienshan Mountains 等 4 the 姓 s 表示 某某一家人或某某夫妇二人 例 The Zhangs are having supper at home now The Browns are going to England next month 2 普通名词的用法 1 普通名词有单 复数变化 单数名词前加 a an the 等冠词 复数名词加 s 或 es 而变化过的复数 名词前不加冠词 例 This is the book you lent me yesterday Books are our friends 2 普通名词前如有 this that every whose which John s 等修饰 它们的作用已与冠词修饰名词的作用 相同 名词前则不能再加冠词 例 What does this word mean Dad This is my cap Where is yours 3 复数普通名词用 many a lot of 等修饰 例 There are too many people in that room There is no room to stand in now There are a lot of eggs in the basket Would you like some of them 3 集体名词的用法 1 常用的集体名词有 family population people class police 等 2 强调指整个集体 则视为单数 谓语动词用单数形式 如果该名词强调组成集体的各个分子 则视为 复数 例 His family is going to move into a new house His family are good at swimming Class 5 is a good class Class 5 all like playing basketball 3 police 只用复数名词 例 The police are looking for that lost girl these days 4 不可数名词 不可数名词主要以下同类 表示物质类和抽象类 1 表示物质类的名词 食品 food fish rice coffee wine 材料 wood stone brick iron steel 气 液 体 air gas oil rain snow 物质名词是不可数名词 无复数形式 前面不可加冠词 a an the 修饰 但前可用 much little some no 等修饰 例 We had little rain last year There isn t much water left 表示物质名词的数量时 须在物质名词前 另加计量的名词 如 a piece of a cup of 等 a cup of tea a piece of paper two cups of tea two pieces of paper 2 表示抽象类的名词 如 health knowledge success 等 抽象名词为不可数名词 所以无复数 前不可用不定冠词 例 Health is more important than wealth Failure is the mother of success 抽象名词可以用单位名词来表示数的概念 例 a piece of paper music news advice etc 抽象名词一般为不可数 常用 much little no 来修饰 初中英语知识点复习系列 By Mr Zhang Chuangfu 10 注意 of 抽象名词 形容词 即 of 后接抽象名词等于该抽象名词形容词形式的用法 He is a man of virtue 美德 He is a virtuous man It is of great value 价值 It is very valuable a man of ability 能力 an able man a man of wealth 财富 a wealthy man 5 可数名词复数形式的构成 规则复数形式的拼写 名词的复数一般只加 s 但以下几点注意 1 以 s sh ss ch 或 x 结尾的词其复数通常加 es glasses brushes boxes watches 2 以元音字母 o 结尾的词其复数加 s radios zoos 注 凡缩略词后均只加 s 3 辅音字母 o 结尾的词其复数加 es heroes tomatoes potato 但 pianos photos kilo 例外 4 以辅音字母 y 的词 应也把 y 换成 i 然后再加 es babies cities countries parties 5 以 f fe 结尾的词 变 f 为 v 再加 es leaf leaves knife knives thief thieves half halves 但要注意 gulf 海湾 chief 首领 roof 屋顶 belief 信仰 self 本质 proof 证据 例外 不规则变化 1 元音字母发生变化 foot feet tooth teeth man men woman women mouse mice 2 单 复数同形 deer deer sheep sheep fish fish Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese 3 词尾变化 child children 4 只有复数形式 thanks clothes people police 5 常用复数 trousers glasses shoes 6 复合名词的复数形式 主体名词 s 例如 a flower shop two flower shops an apple tree some apple trees 由 man woman boy girl 等表示性别的名词与其它名词构成复合名词 该名词变成复数时 将 man woman boy girl 以及它们后面的名词一起变为复数 例如 a man doctor two men doctors a woman driver some women drivers 6 名词复数形式应该注意的事项 单复数意义不同 glass glasses cloth clothes good goods 名词作形容词表示单位时用单数形