八下英语现在完成时专题讲解

精品文档 1欢迎下载 现在完成时讲解 一 一 基本结构 助动词基本结构 助动词 have has have has 过去分词过去分词 done done 二 句型结构二 句型结构 肯定句 主语 have has 过去分词 其他 否定句 主语 have has not 缩写成 haven t hasn t 过去分词 其他 一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 过去分词 其他 简略答语 Yes 主语 have has 肯定 No 主语 haven t hasn t 否定 三 用法三 用法 1 1 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 如 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 如 I have spent all of my money so far 含义是 现在我没有钱花了 Guo zijun has just already come 含义 郭子君现在在这儿 My father has gone to work 含义是 我爸爸现在不在这儿 2 2 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 持续到现在的持续到现在的动作 用行为动词表示 动作 用行为动词表示 或或状态状态 bebe 动词表示 动词表示 常与 常与 forfor 时间段 时间段 since since 时间点或过去时的句子 连用时间点或过去时的句子 连用 for 时段 since 过去一个时间点 译为 自从 以来 since 时段 ago since 从句 过去时 It is 时段 since 从句 过去时 如 Mary has been ill for three days I have lived here since 1998 四 四 hashas gonegone to has to has beenbeen to to hashas beenbeen in in 的区别的区别 1 1 Have HasHave Has gone to gone to 去了去了 现在不在说话现场现在不在说话现场 Where is your father He has gone to Shanghai 2 2 Have HasHave Has beenbeen to to 去过 已不在去过的地方 去过 已不在去过的地方 My father has been to Shanghai 3 3 Have hasHave has beenbeen inin 呆了多久 还在所呆的地方 呆了多久 还在所呆的地方 My father has been in Shanghai for two months since two months ago 五 现在完成时的标志五 现在完成时的标志 1 1 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 1 以 already just 和 yet 为标志 如 He has already got her help 他已得到她的帮助 He has just seen the film 他刚刚看过这场电影 He hasn t come back yet 他还没有回来 2 以 ever 和 never 为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影 He has never been to Beijing 他从没有到过北京 3 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times 他说他已经去过美国三次了 4 以 so far 到目前为止 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far 到目前为止他已到了北京 She has passed the exam so far 到目前为止她已经通过了考试 2 2 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 甚至有可能继续延续下去甚至有可能继续延续下去 我们可以从动作我们可以从动作 延续延续 的特性和的特性和 时时 间间 点段的区分入手点段的区分入手 进一步学习现在完成时 进一步学习现在完成时 for 时段 since 过去一个时间点 过去从句 为标志 注意 1 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last week three years ago 等 精品文档 2欢迎下载 2 不能与 when 连用 3 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 六 过去分词六 过去分词 1 1 规则动词 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同 四点变化规 规则动词 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同 四点变化规 则 则 1 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked worked visit visited visited 2 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived lived 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studied cry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stopped drop dropped dropped 2 2 不规则动词不规则动词 需要同学们平时积累和记忆 需要同学们平时积累和记忆 七 七 瞬间动词瞬间动词 buy buy die die join join comecome gogo leave leave joinjoin 不能直接与 不能直接与 forfor sincesince 连用 要将其改变为延续性动词 如 连用 要将其改变为延续性动词 如 1 1 buy have borrow keep come arrive reach get to be in go out be out leave be away begin be on finish be over open be open close be closed die be dead 2 2 常用瞬间动词变 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词延续性动词表 表 1 have arrived at in sw got to reached sw come gone moved to sw have been in sw at 相应的介词 2 have come gone back returned have been back 3 have come gone out have been out 4 have become have been 5 have closed opened have been closed open 6 have got up have been up 7 have died have been dead 8 have left sw have been away from sw 9 have fallen asleep got to sleep have been asleep 10 have finished ended completed have been over 11 have married have been married 12 have started begun to do sth have done sth 13 have begun have been on 14 have borrowed bought have kept had 15 have lost haven t had 16 have put on have worn 17 have caught get a cold have had a cold 18 have got to know have known 19 have has gone to have been in 20 have joined have taken part in the league the Party the army have been a member of have been in have been the Party s member the league member the soldier 1 ever 表 曾 曾经 疑问句或肯定 句 Have you ever been there 你曾到过那里 吗 Have you ever been to London 你曾到过 伦敦吗 精品文档 3欢迎下载 It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen 那是我看见过的最丑陋的人面像之一 2 already 表示 已经 的意思 主要用在肯 定的陈述句中 通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用 Our visitors have come already 来宾已 到 already 也可用在疑问句中 常暗示说话人 的 惊奇 意外 如 Have you already had breakfast 难道你 吃过早饭了 3 just 表 刚才 方才 一般用于肯定句 中 They ve just arrived 他们刚刚到达 I ve just arrived by train she said 我刚 乘 火车到这里 她说道 4 yet 既可作于否定句 疑问句中 也可用 于肯定句中 但表达的意思不尽相同 1 用于否定句 表 还 尚 At two o clock they had not yet decided whether to go or not 两点钟时他们尚未决定是去 还是不去 2 用于疑问句 表 已 经 Is everything ready yet 一切都准备好 吗 3 用于肯定句 表 仍然 还 得 He is yet a child 他还是个孩子 现在完成时练习现在完成时练习 一一 A 选用 have has 填空 1 I told him the news 2 She come back from school 3 You won the game B 按要求改写下列各句 4 They have bought a computer 改成否定句 5 He has lost his book 先改成一般疑问句 再作肯定与否定回答 C 单项选择 6 Where have you Kate I ve to the bank A gone gone B been been C gone been D been gone 7 Her grandfather for two years A died B has died C has been dead D has been died 8 It s six weeks I met you last A when B since C before D for 9 Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already A have got B have gone to C have been to D have reached 现在完成时练习 二 现在完成时练习 二 一 单项选择 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him 呼和浩特 knew have known must know will know 2 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever Still 3 Have you met Mr Li just ago before a moment ago 精品文档 4欢迎下载 4 The famous writer one new book in the past two years is writing was writing wrote has written 5 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good has changed better changed better 6 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying 7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I it twice will see have seen saw see 9 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there will they go did they go do they go have they gone 10 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago Did do finished Have done finished Have done have finished will do finish 11 His father the Party since 1978 joined has joined was in has been in 12 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago were have been have become have made 13 How long have you here About two months been gone come arrived 14 Hurry up The play for ten minutes has begun had begun has been on began 15 It ten years since he left the army is has will was 16 Miss Green isn t in the office she to the library has gone went will go has been 17 My parents Shandong for ten years have been in have been to have gone to have been 18 The students have cleaned the classroom A so they B don t they C have they D haven t they 19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China A How soon comes B How often got C How long came D How far arrived 20 His uncle for more than 9 years A has come here B has started to work C has lived there D has left the university 二 句型转换 1 He has never surfed 改成反意疑问句 2 They have been here since 2000 对划线部分提问 they been here 精品文档 5欢迎下载 3 The old man last year He for a year die 动词填空 4 This factory opened twenty years ago 同义句转换 This factory for twenty years 5 Miss Gao left an hour ago 同义句转换 Miss Gao an hour ago 6 Her mother has been a Party member for three years 同义句 Her mother the Party three years 7 The Green Family moved to France two years ago 同义句转换 two years the Green family moved to France 8 The bus has arrived here It arrived ten minutes ago 把两个句子合并成一个句子 三 汉译英 1 吉姆已做完作业 他现在有空了 2 他昨天收到一封信 3 我父亲以前到过长城 4 她还没有看过那部新电影 5 她去过上海 6 他这些天上哪儿去了 参考答案 一 单项选择 1 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 或过去发生的动作还未结束 一直持续到现 在或将来 重点在于对现在的影响 这种考查难度较大 往往无时间状语 需要从上下文分析 推理才 行 故上两侧根据上下文分析 推理 正确答案是 2 现在完成时常与 already 已经 just 刚刚 正好 ever 曾经 never 从来 也不 从不 before 以前 yet 仍然 等连用 故 2 应选 B 3 C 4 现在完成时常与 recently 近来 so far 到目前为止 in the past last 一段时间 等时间 状语连用 因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间 句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻 开始持续到现在的 故 4 应选 D 5 C 6 现在完成时时常与 for 时间段或 since 过去时间点 连用 含从句 从句过去时 故 6 应选 C 7 C 8 现在完成时还与 once 一次 twice 两次 three times 三次 several times 几次 等表示 重复次数的词语连用 故 8 应选 B 9 现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆 就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去 但二者又有区别 一 般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事 存在的状态或经常发生的动作 说话的侧重点在于陈述一件