2012年清洁生产复习题

清洁生产原理的复习资料 1 Please fill the blank with the word needed 1 The main method of clean production is 2 The strategic core of implementing the clean production is to 3 Train of thoughts for the clean production audit are to to and to 4 The process of the clean production audit in enterprise can be divided 7 stages which include 5 Clean production includes the utilization of clean clean and clean products 6 Clean production is a new production method and measurement on the organic combination of benefit and development 7 The key element which impenetrate in the whole process of clean production is the 8 Analysis on the reason of waste production and energy depletion should carry out from the following 8 items e g 2 Please fill the right choice in the brackets followed the corresponding caption 1 Which is not right in the following expressions on the Clean Production A Clean production don t refer to production process only B Conception of clean production is not only limited in CLEAN C Clean production is not a temporary check D Clean production only emphasize pollution 2 Which is not the characteristics of clean production audit in the following expressions A is a single use behavior B has a distinct destination C emphasizes the prevention D integrates with economic efficiency 3 is main body to carry out clean production A Government B Social organization C Enterprise D Scientific institution 4 Which is the right expression about clean production A Clean production is to treat the pollutants in time B Clean production is to use the clean energy C Clean production refers to the clean production process D Clean production refers to the overall processes are clean such as the exploitation of raw materials fabrication of products usage of products and treatment of wastes 5 The basic precondition for realizing the environmental protection is A the participation of professional artisan B public participation C the participation of enterprises with a serious pollution D to ban the enterprises with a serious pollution 6 is the first stage of the clean production audit A Pre assessment B assessment C Implementation of project D Preparation and Organization 7 Which is one of tasks for the Preparation and Organization of the clean production audit in the following captions A Training and dissemination B Setting up the targets of clean production C Establishing the balance of mass and main pollutants D Economic assessment 8 Setting up the targets of clean production is carried out in the of clean production audit A sieve of projects B assessment C preparation and organization D pre assessment 9 Summarizing the implemented results of non and low cost projects is carried out in the of clean production audit A sieve of projects B feasibility analysisC assessment D pre assessment 10 How many stages are involved in the clean production audit A 4 B 7 C 8 D 6 11 In green chemistry craft the ideal purpose is to completely convert all atoms in the reactants into the object products whose atom economy reaches up to 100 For the synthesis of CH2 C CH3 COOCH3 from CH3C CH in order or gain the highest atom economy which other reactants will be still needed A CO CH3OH B CO2 H2O C H2 CO2 D CH3OH H2 12 The green chemistry aims to completely convert all atoms in the reactants into the object products without wastes emission fits the need of green chemistry in the following process 13 is the characteristics of green chemistry A Treatment of pollutants B Disposal of pollution points C Reducing toxic chemicals D stop the pollution resources 14 Green chemistry is the reactions with a technical and economic feasibility and with little side effects on the environment in following reactions does not accord the original idea of the green chemistry A SO2 removal of the tail gas in vitriol plant SO2 2NH3 H2O NH4 2SO3 B treatment of the tail gas in nitric acid plant NO2 NO NaOH 2NaNO3 H2O C Preparation of CuSO4 Cu 2H2SO4 strong CuSO4 SO2 2H2O D Preparation of CuSO4 Cu O2 CuO CuO H2SO4 aqueous CuSO4 H2O 15 in following reactions can embody the principle for the atom economy of the green chemistry displacement reaction combination reaction decomposition reaction substitution reaction addition reaction elimination reaction polyaddition reaction polycondensation reaction A B C only D only 16 由于原料和环境方面的考虑 对生产中的化学反应提出了绿色化学的要求 现有4种合成苯酚的反应 最符合绿色化学生产过程的是 17 The following materials can be used as oxidant 1 O3 2 K2CrO4 3 H2O2 4 HNO3 5 NaClO The materials which don t give rise to pollution upon environment after oxidation are called as green oxidants So are green oxidants in the above mentioned 5 materials A 1 3 B 2 3 4 5 C 2 4 5 D 1 5 18 In the green organic synthesis in order to reduce the pollution of organic solvents on the environment the synthesis methods carried out in are effective measurements A aqueous phase B solid phase C supercritical fluid CO2 system D A B C 19 in the discharged waste gas from chemical plant are the main reasons for the formation of acid rain A NOx B SO2 C CH4 D A B 20 In order to reduce or eliminate the pollution of coloring matters on the environment the scientists have adopted some effective countermeasures for example A not to use the coloring matters B to exploit the substitutes C innovate the dyeing and finishing craft D B C 21 is the best method to solve the more and more discarded plastics and rubber A dumping B fling at the deep sea C resources recovery D catalytic combustion 22 Green coating is the clean craft during the usage of coating materials Their functions include A saving the coating material B lowering cost C reducing the emission of toxic solvents D A B C 23 In order to reduce the pollution of agricultural pesticides on the environment it is necessary to A modify the types of agricultural pesticides B innovate the skill of usage C synthetically prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests D A B C 24 In the following processes for the production of ethylene epoxide has the highest atom economy 3 Give or in the brackets followed the corresponding captions with the true or false viewpoints 1 End of Pipe pollution controls that are not pollution prevention at source r 2 Public access to information and public participation in decision making is essential to push for clean production systems r 3 Clean production only fits the industrial enterprise w 4 Enterprise must recover the products and packing materials which are involved in the mandatory and enforceable toxic chemicals listed in the law r 5 Fees from the clean production audit and organize training dissemination can be charged to cost r 6 Emission of main pollutants for the audited enterprises listed in the mandatory and enforceable ones should be publicized r 7 View of the scene should be carried out in the stage of assessment w 8 Setting up the targets of clean production can not involve the present situation of enterprise w 9 Chemistry is the science that understand the properties and the corresponding reactions of matters w 10 Natural matters are always beneficial to human being w 11 Natural matters contain no chemicals w 12 Catalysts can quicken the reaction r 13 NO is harmful w 14 The basic characteristics of green chemistry is zero release r 15 Electrosynthesis is basically a green chemical craft with no harm r 16 Solid phase reaction without solvent accords with the demand of green chemistry r 17 The synthesis with water as solvent also accords with the demand of green chemistry r 18 The aqueous coating uses water as disperse medium exhibits an incombustibility no toxicity no pollution and resource costs r 19 Green food is the natural food contains no chemicals w 20 All of agricultural pesticides are innoxious w 21 The exploitation of green agricultural pesticides is one of purposes of developing green chemistry r 22 HCHO is the main pollutant for indoor air is also a source with the highest pollution depth r 4 Short Answer Questions 1 What is clean production defined by UNEP 答 清洁生产是指 不断采取改进设计 使用清洁的能源和原料 采用先进的 工 艺技术与设备 改善管理 综合利用等措施 从源头削减污染 提高资源 利用效率 减少或者避免生产 服务和产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排 放 以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害 Key Clean production is a new and creative way used in production process By clean production it implies an integrated preventative environmental strategy is employed throughout production process products and services so as to increase ecological efficiency and reduce risks imposed on human and environment For production process clean production implies that raw material and energy are to be economized application of toxic raw materials is to be annulled and amount and toxicity of waste is to be reduced before releasing waste in the process of production For products clean production connotes that negative impact on products is reduced in the complete cycle from raw material employment to the final treatment phase As for services it is required to bring environmental factors into designed and provided services 2 What is clean production defined by Law of China Promoting Clean Production 答 促进法所称的清洁生产是指 不断采取改进设计 使用清洁的能源和原料 采用先进的工艺技术与设备 改善管理 综合利用等措施 从源头削减污 染 提高资源利用效率 减少或者避免生产 服务和产品使用过程中污染 物的产生和排放 以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害 Improve design Use clean energy and raw materials Advanced process and device Amend manage Integrated utilization Others Cut pollution in the first place Improve the efficient of resource Avoid the production and discharge of pollutants during procedure servers products use To protect human and environment and improve economic efficiency of enterprise 3 What is clean production audit 答 清洁生产审核是指 按照一定程序 对生产和服务过程进行调查和诊断 找 出能耗高 物耗高 污染重的原因 提出减少有毒有害物料的使用 生产 降低能耗 物耗以及废物产生的方案 进而选定技术经济可行的清洁生产 方案的过程 Clean production audit is a systematic process to analyze and implement pollution sources courses resulting in wastes and solution to deal with them It aims by analyzing and evaluating pollution sources prevention to help enterprise in seeking the methods to use resources raw materials and accessories energy and water etc in a highly effective way as possible as it can and reducing or eliminating the generation and release of wastes Clean production audit is an important basis for enterprise to implement clean production and it is the core and key for clean production 4 What advantages and benefits can the implementation of clean production give the enterprise 答 a 通过清洁生产 企业能实现节能 降耗 减污 降低产品成本和 废 物 处理费用 提高企业的整体经济效益 b 避免或减少末端处理可能产生的风险 改善生产工人的劳动环境和操 作条件 减轻对职工健康的影响 c 提高产品的竞争力 d 实施清洁生产可以提高企业对环境产生最低限度的生产能力和反复 利用生产产品的能力 会使企业生产和销售产品的机会增加 e 绿色市场的诞生 将会促使具有绿色环境标志的产品更具竞争力 Key Overcomes the inherent drawbacks of end of pipe treatment embodies the demand of sustainable development Is beneficial to improve the integral quality and manage level of enterprise Is helpful to mend the work environment reduces the harm on the human and eliminates potential safety hazard Reduces the production and discharge of pollutants improve the public figure of enterprise Improves the competitive power of products which is helpful to eliminate the bulwark in the international trade Improves the realization on the total amount control of pollutants to a stable standard remit the contradiction between the environment pollution and economic development 5 What are the ways of thinking on clean production audit 答 清洁生产审核和物料平衡找出废弃物产生部位并确定产生量 这里的 废弃物 包括各种废物和排放物 Key Identify where the waste is going analyze why the waste is produced bring forward how to reduce or eliminate waste in order to Improve the utilization efficiency of resource reduce or eliminate the production of waste 6 What do the basic measures of implementing clean production include 答 实施清洁生产的基本途径可概括为以下五个主要方面 1 原材料 包括 能 源 有效使用和替代 2 改革工艺和设备 3 改进运行操作管理 4 产 品改革替代 5 生产系统内部循环利用 Key Improve design Use clean energy and raw materials Advanced process and device Amend manage Integrated utilization 7 Please list the Twelve Principals of GREEN CHEMISTRY Key 1 It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed 2 Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product 3 Wherever practicable synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment 4 Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity 5 The use of auxiliary substances e g solvents separation agents etc should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used 6 Energy requirements should recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure 7 A raw material feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practical 8 Unnecessary derivatization blocking group protection deprotection temporary modification of physical chemical processes should be avoided whenever possible 9 Catalytic reagents as selective as possible are superior to stoichiometric reagents 10 Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products 11 Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real time in process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances 12 Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen so as to minimize the potential for chemical accidents including releases explosions and fires 8 What the task during the stage Sieve of projects in clean production audit includes Key 1 Give the alternative clean production projects 2 Classify and collect projects 3 Sieve projects 4 Develop projects 5 Continue the implement of non and low cost projects 6 Summarize the implemented results of non and low cost projects 7 Compose the medium term auditing report 9 What the task during Implementation of project in clean production audit includes Key 1 Organize to implement project 2 Summarize the achievement of the implemented non and low cost project 3 Test the harvest of the implemented medium and high