考点12-非谓语动词-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览

精品文档 1欢迎下载 中考英语语法考点纵览中考英语语法考点纵览 1212 非谓语动词非谓语动词 1 1 非谓语动词概述非谓语动词概述 1 非谓语动词的概念 动词按照在句中作不作谓语 可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 非谓语动词在句中不 可以充当谓语 但是可以充当除谓语以外的其它句子成分 2 非谓语动词的使用条件 在一个单句中 如果已经存在一个谓语动词 而且在没有连词的情况下 需要使 用其它动词时 用非谓语动词的形式 3 非谓语动词的分类 动词不定式 to do 动名词 doing 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 二 非谓语动词考点纵览二 非谓语动词考点纵览 考点考点 1 1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时 常用不定式作主语时 常用 itit 作形式主语 而把真正的主语不定式放在后面 作形式主语 而把真正的主语不定式放在后面 典型例题典型例题 1 1 English is not easy us A Speak for B Speaking to C To speak for D To speak to 答案 答案 C C 不定式用作主语 表示做某事对某人来说怎们样 不定式用作主语 表示做某事对某人来说怎们样 典型例题典型例题 2 2 It is very important us breakfast A for having B to to have C for have D for to have 答案 答案 D D 此题考查句型 此题考查句型 ItIt s adj fors adj for sb tosb to dodo sth sth 典型题典型题 3 3 It is very kind you us A for helping B for to help C of helping D of to help 答案 答案 D D 此题考查句型 此题考查句型 ItIt s adj ofs adj of sb tosb to dodo sth sth 考点考点 2 2 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语 考点一 考点一 不定式的用法不定式的用法 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望 如一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语 常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望 如 wouldwould like like want want wish wish hope hope decide decide plan plan expectexpect 等 等 精品文档 2欢迎下载 典型例题典型例题 1 1 Would you like the movie this evening A to see B seeing C see D sees 答案 答案 A A wouldwould likelike toto dodo sth sth 表示表示 想要做某事想要做某事 典型例题典型例题 2 2 He wants travel around the world 答案 答案 toto traveltravel wantwant 后接动词不定式作宾语 后接动词不定式作宾语 典型例题典型例题 3 3 We decide plan for our summer holiday 答案 答案 toto planplan decidedecide 后接动词不定式作宾语 后接动词不定式作宾语 在动词在动词 findfind thinkthink 后跟不定式作宾语时 常用后跟不定式作宾语时 常用 itit 作形式宾语 而将真正的宾语作形式宾语 而将真正的宾语 放在后面 放在后面 典型例题典型例题 1 1 I find it easy English every day A reading B to read C read D reads 答案 答案 B B 此题考查 此题考查 itit 作形式主语的用法 作形式主语的用法 find it adj tofind it adj to dodo sth sth 典型例题典型例题 2 2 He finds it hard catch up with his classmates 答案 答案 toto catchcatch upup withwith 此题考查 此题考查 itit 作形式主语的用法 作形式主语的用法 find it adj tofind it adj to dodo sth sth 典型典型例题例题 3 3 I think important early A it sleeping B it to sleep C that sleeping D it sleeps 答案 答案 B B 此题考查 此题考查 itit 作形式主语的用法 作形式主语的用法 think it adj tothink it adj to dodo sth sth 考点考点 3 3 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语 精品文档 3欢迎下载 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 Tom asked him to turn off the radio 汤姆要他关掉录音机 I want my father to buy a kite for me 我想要我爸爸给我买个风筝 The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the exam 老师警告学生不要 考试作弊 使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时 不定式要省略使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时 不定式要省略 toto 这样的动词有 这样的动词有 make make let let see see watch watch hear hear noticenotice 等 等 My mother lets me cook the dinner 妈妈让我烧饭 I often see the old man take a walk in the park 我经常看到这个老人在公园 里散步 Can you hear someone sing in the next room 你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗 考点考点 4 4 不定式作表语 不定式作表语 不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性 不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性 My job is to teach English 我的工作是教英语 Her dream is to become a scientist 她的梦想是成为一个科学家 Our goal is to win the game 我们的目标是赢得比赛 考点考点 5 5 不定式作定语 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时 应放在名词后面 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 如果是不定式不不定式作定语时 应放在名词后面 它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 如果是不定式不 及动词 且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时 要在不定式后面加上适当的介词 及动词 且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时 要在不定式后面加上适当的介词 I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 There is nothing to worry about 没有什么好担心的 We are looking for a hotel to live in 我们正在找一个宾馆住下 考点考点 6 6 不定式作状语 不定式作状语 精品文档 4欢迎下载 不定式作状语 表示目的 意为不定式作状语 表示目的 意为 为了为了 典型例题典型例题 1 1 I come here my grandparents A visiting B to visit C visited D visits 答案 答案 B B 这里动词不定式 这里动词不定式 toto visitvisit mymy grandparentsgrandparents 用作目的状语 用作目的状语 典型例题典型例题 2 2 he works hard A To live well B Living well C Lives well D Lived well 答案 答案 A A 这里动词不定式 这里动词不定式 toto livelive wellwell 用作目的状语 用作目的状语 考点考点 7 7 不定式常与特殊疑问词 不定式常与特殊疑问词 whatwhat whichwhich when when where where howhow 连用 相当于一个连用 相当于一个 宾语从句 宾语从句 典型例题典型例题 1 1 I don t know the museum A how can I get to B how get to C how to get to D how to get 答案 答案 C C 此题考查特殊疑问词 此题考查特殊疑问词 不定式的用法 不定式的用法 典型例题典型例题 2 2 The teacher is telling the students A what to do B what to do it C what can they do D what doing 答案 答案 A A 此题考查特殊疑问词 此题考查特殊疑问词 不定式的用法 不定式的用法 典型例题典型例题 3 3 They haven t decided tomorrow morning A when set off B when to set off C when setting off D when sets off 答案 答案 B B 此题考查特殊疑问词 此题考查特殊疑问词 不定式的用法 不定式的用法 考点考点 1 1 动名词作主语 动名词作主语 精品文档 5欢迎下载 动名词作主语多表示习惯性动作 谓语动词用单数 动名词作主语多表示习惯性动作 谓语动词用单数 Collecting stamps is his hobby 集邮是他的爱好 Eating too much is bad for health 吃太多对你的健康有害 Speaking loudly in the reading room is not allowed 在阅览室里大声说话是不 允许的 考点考点 2 2 动名词作宾语 动名词作宾语 动名词作宾语放在某些动词后边以及介词后面 表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作 常动名词作宾语放在某些动词后边以及介词后面 表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作 常 见的这类动词有 见的这类动词有 finish finish enjoy enjoy mind mind imagine imagine miss miss spend spend keep keep practice practice allow allow advise advise feelfeel like like havehave funfun 等 等 I have finished doing my homework 我已经做完作业了 Do you mind opening the window for us 你介意帮我们打开窗户吗 The children feel like drinking some water 孩子们想喝点水 What about going swimming in the afternoon 下午去游泳怎么样啊 考点考点 3 3 动名词作表语 动名词作表语 Her job is teaching English 她的工作是教英语 My hobby is lying on the bed and watching TV 我的爱好是躺在床上看电视 考点考点 4 4 动名词作定语 动名词作定语 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途 作用等 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途 作用等 a swimming pool 游泳池 the reading room 阅览室 teaching methods 教学方法 考点二 考点二 动名词的用法动名词的用法 考点考点 5 5 某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 精品文档 6欢迎下载 stopstop toto dodo 停下来去做另一件事 stopstop doingdoing 停止做某事 He stopped to have a rest 他停下来休息了会 Let s stop talking 让我们停止谈话 forgetforget toto dodo 忘记要去做某事 未做 forgetforget doingdoing 忘记做某事 已做 Don t forget to turn off the light 不要忘记关灯 He forgot locking the door 他忘记把门已经锁了 rememberremember toto dodo 记得要去做某事 未做 rememberremember doingdoing 记得做过某事 已做 Remember to hand in your homework 记得交作业 Don t you remember seeing the person before 你不记得以前见过这个人吗 regretregret toto dodo 对要做的事表示遗憾 未做 regretregret doingdoing 对做过的事表示遗憾 已做 I regret to tell you that I have failed in the exam 我很后悔告诉你我考试 没过 The lady doesn t regret marrying the man 这个女的不后悔嫁给这个男的 trytry toto dodo 设法或努力做某事 trytry doingdoing 尝试做某事 We must try to be more careful 我们必须多加小心 He is trying opening the door 他正在尝试打开门 meanmean toto dodo 打算做某事 meanmean doingdoing 意味着做某事 I mean to buy a car but I have no money 我打算买俩车 但是我没钱 Doing that means wasting time 那样做意味着浪费时间 精品文档 7欢迎下载 gogo onon toto dodo 放下手头的事继续做别的事 gogo onon doingdoing 继续做原来的事 We got up and went on to have breakfast 我们起床后 接着吃早饭 He didn t have a rest and went on working 他没有休息 继续工作着 考点考点 1 1 分词的分类及用法 分词的分类及用法 分词分为现在分词现在分词和过去分词过去分词 现在分词由 动词 ing 构成 过去分词由 动词 ed 构成 但也有不规则变化 现在分词现在分词有主动 进行主动 进行之意 过去分词过去分词有被动 完成被动 完成之意 考点考点 2 2 分词作定语 分词作定语 典型例题典型例题 1 1 Do you know the girl under the tree A standing B stands C stand D stood 答案 答案 A A 此处现在分词短语 此处现在分词短语 standingstanding underunder thethe treetree 用作定语 用作定语 典型例题典型例题 2 2 I bought a table A making of wood B made of wood C makes of wood D make of wood 答案 答案 B B 此处过去分词短语 此处过去分词短语 mademade ofof woodwood 用作定语 用作定语 典型例题典型例题 3 3 This is a book from the library A borrowing B borrows C borrow D borrowed 答案 答案 D D 此处过去分词短语 此处过去分词短语 borrowedborrowed fromfrom thethe librarylibrary 用作定语 用作定语 考点三 考点三 分词的用法分词的用法 考点考点 3 3 分词作表语 分词作表语 精品文档 8欢迎下载 现在分词表示主语的性质 特征 过去分词表示某种状态 现在分词表示主语的性质 特征 过去分词表示某种状态 典型例题典型例题 1 1 That film is very A interesting B interest C interested D interests 答案 答案 A A interestinginteresting 表示表示 有趣的有趣的 强调某个物体很有趣 强调某个物体很有趣 典型例题典型例题 2 2 Tom felt when he saw a snake A frightened B frightening C frighten D frightens 答案 答案 A A frightenedfrightened 表示表示 感到害怕的感到害怕的 强调某个人感到害怕 强调某个人感到害怕 典型例题典型例题 3 3 They got after they heard the good news A excite B excites C excited D exciting 答案 答案 C C excitedexcited 表示表示 感到兴奋的感到兴奋的 强调某人感到兴奋 强调某人感到兴奋 考点考点 4 4 分词作状语 分词作状语 现在分词作状语时 其逻辑主语是主句主语 过去分词作状语时 其逻辑宾语是主句现在分词作状语时 其逻辑主语是主句主语 过去分词作状语时 其逻辑宾语是主句 主语 主语 典型例题典型例题 1 1 The students went out of the classroom A laughing and sing B laughing and singing C laughed and sung D laughing and sung 答案 答案 B B 此处现在分词 此处现在分词 laughinglaughing andand singingsinging 表示伴随状况 作伴随状语 表示伴随状况 作伴随状语 典型例题典型例题 2 2 the village is beautiful A Seeing from the mountain B Seen from the mountain C See from the mountain D Sees from the mountain 答案 答案 B B 此处过去分词短语 此处过去分词短语 seenseen fromfrom thethe mountainmountain 用来作状语 用来作状语 典型例题典型例题 3 3 精品文档 9欢迎下载 he jumped up A Hearing this B Hear this C Hears this D Heard this 答案 答案 A A 此处现在分词短语 此处现在分词短语 hearinghearing thisthis 用来作状语 用来作状语 3 3 巩固训练巩固训练 2013 2013 淮安市淮安市 1 At times parents find it difficult with their teenage children A talk B talked C talking D to talk 2014 2014 淮安市淮安市 2 What else should we pay attention to building the bridge The change of the weather I think A finishB finished C to finishD finishing 2016 2016 淮安市淮安市 3 great fun Andrew has DIY in the art room with his classmates A What doing B What done C How doing D How done 2013 2013 南京市南京市 4 Why are you so excited today We were told a picnic this weekend A have B to have C having D had 2014 2014 南通市南通市 5 Why have you stopped Kitty The singing competition is coming up soon A to practice to sing B to practice singing C practicing to sing D practicing singing 2015 2015 南通市南通市 6 This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo A to warn B to warning C to make D to making 2016 2016 南通市南通市 7 The couple will be away for a while and they need someone the baby A look after B looking after C looked after D to look after 2 20 01 14 4 苏苏州州市市 8 The driver wanted his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to A park B parked C to park D parking 2015 2015 苏州市苏州市 9 I was tired out so I stopped the car a short rest A haveB havingC to have D had 2016 2016 泰州市泰州市 10 Mr Ling I have some difficulty the article Remember it three or four times at least A to understand reading B understanding reading C understanding to read D to understand to read 2013 2013 无锡市无锡市 11 Don t throw away the waste paper It needs so that it can be reused 精品文档 10欢迎下载 A to destroyB destroyingC to collectD collecting 2013 2013 宿迁市宿迁市 12 It s dangerous a close look at the tiger in the zoo A for us takingB of us to takeC of us takingD for us to take 2013 2013 宿迁市宿迁市 13 At present lots of people would rather in the country because there is pollution in the city A live moreB to live lessC live lessD to live more 2015 2015 宿迁市宿迁市 14 I heard Tom when I walked past his room yesterday A sing B singing C to sing D sang 2012 2012 徐州市徐州市 15 I m sleepy I prefer at home to going out for a walk A sleeping B to sleep C slept D sleep 2014 2014 徐州市徐州市 16 It was dark outside Sue decided to the bank alone A not going B going not C not to go D to not go 2016 2016 徐州市徐州市 17 David said that the glass was broken and warned me it A don t touch B to not touch C not to touch D no touching 2016 2016 盐城市盐城市 18 We must do everything we can waste water from running into rivers A preventB preventedC preventingD to prevent 2013 2013 扬州市扬州市 19 What are you going to do when you grow up A singer but my parents wish me a teacher A am B to be C will be D be 2014 2014 扬州市扬州市 20 Some children can t afford necessary stationary Let s donate our pocket money to them A buyB buyingC to buyD be bought 2015 2015 扬州市扬州市 21 What should we take when going birdwatching We should take a pair of binoculars the birds clearly A seeB seeing C to see D sees 2013 2013 镇江市镇江市 22 He dinner at restaurants last year but now he usually comes tack home after work and cooks supper for his family A used to have B is used to have C was used to have D is used to having 2014 20