2018届高考英语专题复习(江苏)：任务型阅读(有详细答案)

专题专题 10 任务型阅读任务型阅读 1 2017 年高考江苏卷英语 任务型阅读 共任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 分 满分分 满分 10 分 分 请认真阅读下面短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 Population Change Why is the world s population growing The answer is not what you might think The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies In 1900 people died at the average age of 30 By 2000 the average age was 65 But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4 9 in the early 1960s to 2 5 nowadays Furthermore around 50 of the world s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level i e 2 1 births per woman and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub replacement birth rate You might think that developing nations would make up the loss especially since 80 of the world s people now live in such nations but you d be wrong Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China for instance What does it imply First China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country Second if other factors such as technology remain constant economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50 Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5 since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961 Why is this occurring Nobody is quite sure but poor diet and above all long time alcoholism have much to do with it If current trends don t bend Russia s population will be about the size of Yemen s by the year 2050 In the north of India the population is booming due to high birth rates but in the south where most economic development is taking place birth rate is falling rapidly In a further twist birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas In total 25 of India s working age population has no education In 2030 a sixth of the country s potential work force could be totally uneducated One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration As for the USA it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20 from 2010 2030 Moreover the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants As a result it s likely to see a rise in the size of its working age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term Population Change 71 答案 lower 解析 根据 declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st 可知 21 世纪的出生率比 20 世纪低 且 much even far a lot a little 等修饰比较级 故填 lower 72 答案 size scale 解析 根据第二段中的 almost all developed nations are experiencing sub replacement birth rate 可知 发达国家人口出生率正在下降 即人口难以维持现有的规模 maintain 一词是做题 的依据 故填 size scale 74 答案 economic 解析 接下来几段分别讲了中国 俄罗斯 印度的人口与经济问题 根据 economic development before a population decline hits the country 可知答案 75 答案 old older 解析 根据 A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China 可知 中国可能会 迎来年轻劳动力的危机 故填 older 76 答案 earlier 解析 根据 the country has shrunk by 5 since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961 but poor diet and above all long time alcoholism have much to do with it 可知 俄 罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降 77 答案 living life 解析 此处是说 如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式 他们的情况可能会好一些 78 答案 equality 解析 根据倒数第二段中的 but in the south where most economic development is taking place birth rate is falling rapidly 可知 教育可以降低出生率 因此 可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长 79 答案 immigration 解析 根据最后一段中的 One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration 可知 通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法 80 答案 compensate 解析 根据最后一段中的 Moreover the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants As a result it s likely to see a rise in the size of its working age population 可知 美国的移 民政策将会使劳动力有所增加 接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺 2 江苏省泰州市泰州中学 2018 届高三上学期开学考试 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾当的单词 注意 每个空格只填一个单词 请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上 The gaokao China s national college entrance exam is winning more recognition as a way for universities overseas to evaluate Chinese students recruiting officers said Stanley Nel vice president of international relations at the University of San Francisco in the United States who is responsible for the university s admissions from China said he had had several inquiries from US universities about how to recruit Chinese students on the basis of their gaokao scores The Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL and the Scholastic Aptitude Test SAT have long been two musts for students from other counties including China to apply to study in the US USF a private university in California started a pilot program to accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores in 2015 The idea came from USF President Paul Fitzgerald s belief that standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a criterion referenced exam It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge he said Currently at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances The Illinois Institute of Technology a private institution in Chicago started the practice first in 2009 Outside the US countries including Spain Italy Singapore France and Australia also recognize gaokao scores More than 200 students from China requested an interview with USF last year 74 of them were selected for a follow up interview 44 received offers and 20 accepted the invitation and joined USF for the 2015 fall semester Students admitted in this way have done exceptionally well in the past academic year Nel added The average GPA for all gaokao students is about 3 5 out of 4 For all other students American and non gaokao international students American and non gaokao international students the average GPA is 3 2 he said Zhu Zihao gained admission in computer sciences at USF in 2015 through the program and performed well in his first academic year He said that students who had experienced China s gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge which helps them excel in studies Nel said students admitted through China s gaokao are not only smart but extremely conscientious 认真的 and hardworking This year we hope to recruit about 50 students in this way and even more in years to come he said The gaokao Past situation Universities in the US evaluated Chinese students according to two 1 The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test 2 situation The gaokao is increasingly 3 as a way of evaluating Chinese students by universities abroad Stanley Nel the person responsible for the university s admissions from China Chinese students having received good scores in the gaokao performed academically well when studying in America Chinese students admitted through China gaokao are smart conscientious and 5 Paul Fitzgerald USF President Despite the 6 the gaokao has received it has its advantages It tests students 7 to master a given body of knowledge Some standardized tests cannot 8 students performance at the university well 4 of the people concerned Zhu Zihao a student admitted to USF in 2015 The 9 of the gaokao is helpful for the performance at the university well Future situation More Chinese students will be recruited by the universities overseas 10 on their performance in the gaokao 答案 1 musts 2 Present Current3 recognized 4 Opinions Views Ideas Beliefs5 hardworking 6 criticisms 7 ability 8 predict 9 experience 10 based 分析 1 信息查找题 根据 The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test 可以 定位到原文的第三段 The Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL and the Scholastic Aptitude Test SAT have long been two musts 所以填原词 musts 必要条件 2 信息查找题 根据 universities abroad 可以定位到原文第五段 Currently at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances 可知应 该填 Current Present situation 现状 3 信息查找题 根据原文第一段 可知将 recognition 替换成表格中的 be recognized as 被当成 被 认可 4 总结概括题 根据表格右侧的内容可知 左侧应该是总结 相关人物的观点 故填 Opinions Views Ideas Beliefs 5 信息查找题 根据 conscientious 可以定位原文最后一段 not only smart but extremely conscientious 认真的 and hardworking 6 信息查找题 根据 Paul Fitzgerald 可以定位到原文第四段 其中 We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a criterion referenced exam but 作为转折可以替换成 despite of criticism 7 信息查找题 根据第四段的最后一句 It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge 将 be able to 换成 ability 8 信息查找题 根据 standardized tests 可以定位原文的第四段 standardized tests like the SAT are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university 可以得出 cannot 后填动词原形 predict 9 信息查找题 根据 Zhu zihao 可以定位到倒数第二段 He said that students who had experienced China s gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge which helps them excel in studies 表格中用 experience 名词 10 信息查找题 根据原文第 4 段开头 accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores 不难得 出应该填 based 3 南京 盐城 2016 2017 学年第一次模拟考试 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填 1 个单词 Until about 18 years ago it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development During the first few months or years of life an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli 听觉刺激 for the associated brain cells and connections to develop In this way neuronal circuitry 神经元回路 is shaped according to the environment during sensitive periods of brain development This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions What about later development of higher level brain regions which are involved in decision making control and planning as well as social understanding and self awareness We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence However we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain This is something that should concern us There s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games But maybe all this worry is misplaced After all throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation When the printing press was invented there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people s minds and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television Maybe we shouldn t be worried at all It s possible that the developing brains of today s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable creative multi tasking brains that have ever existed There is evidence from adults that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory Much less is known about how gaming social networking and so on influence the developing adolescent brain We don t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive negative or neutral We need to find out Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development However according to UNICEF 40 of the world s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health population growth rates child mortality rates HIV rates as well as for women s self esteem and quality of life Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world s teenagers access to education Worrying about the teenage brain Introduction Different from the previous researches a new one reveals that brain development will 1 even in the teenage years and beyond which 2 some worries Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to 4 neuronal circuitry at the early time of life We should be 5 about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people s minds are 6 We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the 7 of the teenage brain Various factors 3 the teenage brain and new worries Education is of great 8 in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped However it isn t 9 to two fifths of the world s teenagers girls in particular We are expected to be 10 of the effects of education on the developing brains 答案 1 continue 2 causes 3 affecting influencing 4 shape 5 concerned worried anxious 6 corrupted 7 development 8 importance significance benefit 9 accessible available 10 aware conscious 分析 1 句意理解题 对应原文 But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans 中的 undergo prolonged development 可知整个青少年时期人的大脑的生长发展都一直不断进行着 得出答案 2 句意理解题 定位到原文 This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones 中找到核心短语 has increased old worries 徒增烦恼 也就是导致 造成烦恼 只有 cause 符合 注意三单 3 总结概括题 根据后面的六点可以反推这里在讲影响大脑的一些因素 原文第二段最后也有提示 we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain 但 注意缺词空所在的不是句子是名词短语 所以不能填 influence 的谓语动词形式 4 句意理解题 对应原文 an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli 听觉刺激 for the associated brain cells and connections to develop In this way neuronal circuitry 神经元回路 is shaped according to the environment during sensitive periods of brain development 这里是拿 neuronal circuitry 做主语是被 particular visual or auditory stimuli 塑造 be shaped 那以 particular visual or auditory stimuli 做主语就是塑造 shape 了 neuronal circuitry 5 信息查找题 根据文章 However we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain This is something that should concern us 可知人们对这些 environmental factors 并不熟悉和确定 所以持担忧的态度 可以将句尾的 concern 加上 ed 改成形容 词 也可以用 worried 或 anxious 6 信息查找题 定位到原文 When the printing press was invented there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people s minds and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television 和表格里的句子进行比较找到核心词 corrupting 表格据前面有 be 动词为被动句 答案为 corrupted 7 信息查找题 对应细节 We don t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive negative or neutral We need to find out 找到核心词汇 developing 空格部分需填名 词 所以转换为名词形式 8 句意理解题 对应细节 Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development 再加上缺词空 be of great sth 的句型可知答案 importance significance benefit 9 信息查找题 对应细节 40 of the world s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher 文中的 40 的 人对应 two fifths of the world s teenagers have no access to education 对应 be accessible available to 10 总结概括题 对应细节 Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particulaly beneficial I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world s teenagers access to education 可以概括出希望我们能意识到教育对大脑发育的作用 be of 表示意识 到可填 aware 或 conscious 4 苏州市 2017 届高三第一次调研测试 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 10 分 请认真阅读下面短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填 1 个单词 Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before Like the flower narcissism 自恋 has continued to flourish in modern civilization which has become such a part of culture But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture which really has three types of narcissism Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form Grandiose 浮夸 narcissism is the outgoing extraverted 外向 form The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter better looking and more important than others And of course he or she gets special treatment for this fact In fact some of them can be very charming likable and enjoy people On the opposite side narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring Vulnerable 脆弱 narcissism is the second flavour of narcissism It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low selfconfidence and are not typically extraverted Imagine someone living in his mum s small room He spends his evenings watching X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act Unfortunately he hasn t the confidence to do it and instead becomes a net citizen who posts offensive controversial or divisive materials on an Internet community The th