广州市八年级下英语Unit1同步教学

广广 州州 学学 乐乐 教教 育育 Unit1 同步教学 学生姓名学生姓名 就读年级就读年级 授课老师授课老师 授课日期授课日期 教研院审核教研院审核 1 1 学生上次作业评价 学生上次作业评价 好好 较好较好 一般一般 差差 备注 备注 作作 业业 布布 置置 2 2 本次课后作业 本次课后作业 课课 堂堂 小小 结结 家长签字 家长签字 日期 日期 年年 月月 日日 Unit 1 Helping those in need Voluntary work Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays They wrote the following reports I did some voluntary work in a children s hospital The children there all suffer from serious illness We organized a painting competition for them I met a girl called Cindy She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home I went there and took some photos of it Cindy used them for her painting Betty There are many children without parents I met some of these children with my mother We taught them to tell stories This helps them express their feelings One child said My friends don t understand my pain We spent time with a girl called Vivien Her parents died in a car accident and she is unhappy and very lonely She needs friendship My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien Mark I wanted to help disabled children They have difficulty walking or moving I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace I met a boy called Tim He hurt his legs in an accident but he has lots of courage We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits I will continue to do voluntary work in the future Annie 重点单词的讲解重点单词的讲解 1 raise v 筹集 提升 增加 第三人称单数 raises 过去式 raised 过去分词 raised 现在分词 raising 搭配 raise one s voice 提高嗓门 raise a family 养家糊口 raise money 筹款 raise price 提高价格 raise one s spirits 打起精神 raise keep 有 饲养 抚养 的意思 如 raise cattle keep cattle 饲养牲口 和 raise children 抚养孩子 辨析 raise rise rise rose risen 的区别 1 这两个词都有 提高 上升 增加 的意思 但其用法不同 raise 是及物动词 其主语通常是人 而 rise 是不及物动词 其主语通常是物 例如 The sun rises and bathes the earth 太阳升起 普照大地 2 raise 和 rise 用于同一事物时含义不同 例如 The price of TV sets has been raised recently 最近电视机提价了 政府或厂家主 动行动 The price of TV sets has risen recently 最近电视机提价了 市场调节 2 permission n agreement 准许 批准 Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money 给校长写一封信 请求允许筹钱 同根词 permit v allow you to do it 许可 准许 默许 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder 3 disabled adj 有伤残的 丧失能力的 不中用 I taught disabled children to sing 我教残疾的孩子唱歌 同根词 disable v make sb unable to do sth 使无能力 使残废 使伤残 He is disabled from voting 他失去了选举资格 enable v make sb able to do sth 使 某人 能够做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病 搭配 mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4 offer v be willing to do something 主动提出 Peter offered to teach them water skiing 彼得主动提出教他们滑水 搭配 offer one s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb sth 为某人提供某物 They have offered me a large sum of money to go away 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析 provide offer 的区别 provide 用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西 仅仅是 出于某种责任 强调提供必须用的东西 尤其是生活用品 常用于 provide sb with sth 或 provide sth for sb 的固定搭配中 offer 表示主动提供服务 工作等 常用于 offer sb sth 或 offer sth to sb 固定搭 配中 例如 offer sb 主动提出帮助某人 offer sb a good salary 给某人一个好工资 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing 她总算设法 使她的孩子有饭吃 有衣穿 He offered me a glass of wine He offered a glass of wine to me 他端给我一杯酒 5 illness n 某种 病 The children there all suffer from serious illness 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨 同根词 ill adj 有病的 比较级 worse 最高级 worst 辨析 ill sick 的区别 ill 和 sick 都有 生病的 有病的 之意 但用法并不完全相同 ill 表示 生病的 有病的 这一意思时 一般用作表语 不能作定语 而 sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语 如 病人 可以说 a sick man 或 the sick 但不能说 an ill man 或 the ill 例如 She is ill sick in bed 她卧病在床 She is looking after her sick father 她在照顾她生病的父亲 sick 有 恶心的 厌倦的 之意 例如 The smell makes me sick 这气味使我感到恶心 ill 作定语修饰名词时是 坏的 邪恶的 之意 例如 He is an ill man 他是一个邪恶的人 6 organize v 组织 In the end we all decided to organize a concert for Easter 最终 我们一致决定组织 一场复活节音乐会 同根词 organization n 组织 机构 团体 What do you know about our organization 关于我们的组织你知道些什么 7 express v 表达 表露 This helps them express their feelings 这有助于他们表达他们的情感 同根词 expression n 表现 表示 表达 表情 She gave expression to her sadness 她流露出了悲伤之情 8 lonely adj 孤独的 寂寞的 荒凉的 比较级 lonelier 最高级 loneliest It felt like the loneliest place in the world 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方 辨析 lonely alone 的区别 alone 为形容词 意为 单独的 只作表语 不能作定语 侧重说明独自一 人 没有助手或同伴 没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态 lonely 意为 孤独的 表示主观上感到孤独 寂寞 有较浓的感情色彩 指因缺少朋友 同情 友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情 它为形容词 在 句中作表语或定语 作定语时 意为 荒凉 偏僻 多修饰表示地点的名词 alone 还可以作副词 alone adv 单独 独自 She went home alone She went home by herself 她独自回家去了 The old man lives in a lonely town he lives alone but he doesn t feel lonely 这位老 人住在偏僻的镇上 他独自一人住着 但他并不感到孤独 9 friendship n 友情 友谊 同根词 friend n 朋友 复数 friends I had a long talk about this with my best friend friendly adj 友好的 Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系 处得很好 friendliness n 友善 She also loves the friendliness of the people 她也喜欢人们的友善 10 difficulty n be not able to do something easily 困难 费劲 The country is facing great economic difficulties 该国正面临巨大的经济困难 同根词 difficult adj hard to do 困难的 The child is going through a difficult phase 那孩子正经历困难的阶段 搭配 have difficulty in doing something 做 有困难 I had no difficulty in making myself understood 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思 in difficulty difficulties 处境困难 The bank is in difficulty difficulties 这家银行处境困难 11 joy n a feeling of great happiness 愉快 喜悦 I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace 我教他们唱歌 因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静 同根词 joyful n 快乐的 高兴的 令人开心的 使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success 他因成功而激动欣喜 搭配 to one s joy 令人高兴的是 使某人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university 12 peace n 平静 宁静 the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 One more question and I ll leave you in peace 再问一个问题 我就不打扰你了 同根词 peaceful adj 和平的 爱好和平的 安静的 平静的 Evening in the country is a very peaceful time 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻 13 hurt v injure 使疼痛 受伤 Tim hurt his legs in an accident but he has lots of courage 提姆在一次事故中伤了 腿 但他很勇敢 同根词 hurt adj 受伤的 痛苦的 受 损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt 他们看起来没有受重伤 搭配 hurt oneself 受伤 Have you hurt yourself 你伤着自己了吗 14 courage n 勇气 勇敢 He showed great courage and determination 他表现得十分勇敢和果断 同根词 encourage v 鼓励 鼓舞 支持 促进 鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud 我的英语老师常常 鼓励我们大声读英语 搭配 take one s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做 敢作敢为 Taking her courage in both hands she opened the door and walked in 她壮着胆打 开门 走了进去 courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量 15 pay v 付款 偿还 We paid 35 for each ticket 我们每张票付了 35 英镑 同根词 pay n 工资 薪水 报答 They complained about their pay and conditions 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件 搭配 pay off 偿清 债务 支付 债务 的全部数额 pay for 为 付款 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观 拜访 辨析 spend take cost 和 pay 的用法区别 take spend cost pay 都可以表示 花费 但用法却不尽相同 spend 的主语必须是人 常用于以下结构 1 spend time money on sth 在 上花费时间 金钱 例如 I spent two hours on this maths problem 这道数学题花了我两个小时 2 spend time money in doing sth 花费时间 金钱 做某事 例如 They spent two years in building this bridge 造这座桥花了他们两年时间 3 spend money for sth 花钱买 例如 His money was spent for books 他的钱用来买书了 cost 的主语是物或某种活动 还可以表示 值 常见用法如下 1 sth costs sb 金钱 某物花了 某人 多少钱 例如 A new computer costs a lot of money 2 doing sth costs sb 时间 某物 做某事 花了 某人 多少时间 例如 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time 他花了大量时间才记住了这些 单词 注意注意 cost 的过去式及过去分词都是 cost 并且不能用于被动句 take 后面常跟双宾语 常见用法有以下几种 1 It takes sb 时间 to do sth 做某事花了某人多少时间 例如 It took them three years to build this road 他们用三年时间修完了这条路 2 doing sth takes sb 时间 做某事花了某人多少时间 例如 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon 他花了一下午修车 pay 的基本用法是 1 pay sb money for sth 付钱 给某人 买 例如 I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month 我每个月要付 20 英镑的 房租 2 pay for sth 付 的钱 例如 I have to pay for the book lost 我不得不赔丢失的书款 3 pay for sb 替某人付钱 例如 Don t worry I ll pay for you 别担心 我会给你付钱的 4 pay sb 付钱给某人 例如 They pay us every month 他们每月给我们报酬 5 pay money back 还钱 例如 May I borrow 12 yuan from you I ll pay it back next week 6 pay off one s money 还清钱 cost 某物价值多少元 The book costs 2 yuan 那本书 2 元钱 spend 某人花费多少元 We spend 2 yuan buying the book 我们花费 2 元买那本书 注意 cost 的主语是物 某物花费了多少 spend 的主语是人 某人花费了 多少 sth cost sb some money sb spend some money time on sth in doing sth The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars 这车花去他一万美元左右 The error cost the company one million pounds 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑 spend 主语只能是人 表示 在 上花费了 I spent 100 on the bike 我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车 They spent three months touring Europe 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲 总结 take 一般用 it 作主语 例如 it takes sb sometime to do sth spend 一般是人作主语 例如 I spend an hour finishing my homework cost 表示某物值什么的 价值或钱 例如 The book cost 200 yuan pay 一般是人作主语 例如 I pay lots of money for books 学习语法学习语法 专题讲专题讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词 动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种 动词不定式 动名词和分词 非谓语动词没有 人称和数的变化 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式 其结构为 to 动词原形 其中 to 不是介 词 而是动词不定式的符号 称为小品词 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语 在句子中可以用作主语 表语 宾语 补足语 定语 状语等 一 一 一些动词常接动词不定式作宾语 如 want decide hope ask agree choose learn plan need teach prepare 等 例 I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring My mother hates to move from place to place for she feels tired I decide to work hard and get doctor s degree 注 有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语 也可接动名词作宾语 但所表达的意义 不同 常见的有 1 stop to do sth 停止正在做的事 去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 2 go on to do sth 做完一件事后 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做同一件事 3 remember forget to do sth 记住 忘记去做某事 remember forget doing sth 记得 忘记做过某事 二 不定式结构中 不定式前加一个疑问代词 what which who whom whose 或疑问副词 where when how why 以及连词 whether 构成特殊的不 定式短语 其作用相当于一个从句 这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾 语 常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有 know see decide tell ask consider discover explain find out forget guess hear imagine learn remember think under stand wonder 等 例 I couldn t decide which book to choose I can tell you where to get this book They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year 三 有些动词 如 tell ask want invite teach like call 等可接带 to 的动词不 定式作宾语补足语 构成 tell ask want call invite sb to do sth 结构 例 He asked you to call him at ten o clock I d never allow my children to behave like that 注意 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to 在被动语态中应 加上 to 这些动词可归纳为 一感一感 feel 二听 二听 listen to hear 三让 三让 let make have 四看四看 look at see watch notice 半帮助 半帮助 help 即在动词即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时 后面作宾语补足语时 to 可有可无可有可无 另有口诀帮助记忆 感使动词真奇怪 感使动词真奇怪 to 在句中像妖怪 主动句中在句中像妖怪 主动句中 to 离开 被动句中离开 被动句中 to 回来回来 let 不用于被动语态 例 Whenever something is wrong with you please let me know I will have the students write a passage about Internet 四 动词不定式还可表目的 例 In his third year he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft 在三年级时 他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学 课堂练习课堂练习 Multiple choices 1 Last summer I took a course on A how to make dresses B how dresses be made C how to be made dresses D how dresses to be made 2 Where did he go He went to another store A to buy pencils B for buying pencils C buy pencils D buying pencils 3 Do you get someone your clothes Yes I often have them A wash washed B to wash washed C washing wash D washed washing 4 Robert often asks us his Chinese so his Chinese is much better than before A help him B to help him C to help with D helps him with 5 They ve up to 20 000 yuan for the Hope Project A rose B raise C raised D risen 6 The T shirt looks nice on you How much does it I just ten dollars for it A take afforded B cost paid C cost spent 7 His grandparents live in a small house but they don t feel A lonely alone B alone lonely C lonely lonely D alone alone 8 Cancer patients suffer great pain when they are dying A B from C of D for 9 He started early get there before nine A in order that B because C so as to D in order to 10 I caught the from you A disease B illness C sickness D ill Fill in the black with the proper words learned in Unit 1 The first letter of each word has already been given 1 They cannot leave the country without p 2 Since his parents died early he had to earn his own living when he was a t 3 World P is important for every country 4 Spending evenings outside is one of the j of summer 5 I cannot e to you how grateful I am 6 Someone o 10 000 pounds for an old car 7 No p no gains 8 She fell down the stairs and h her leg 9 They will o a Bridge Club 10 She takes good care of her d father Complete the following sentences 1 当人们需要帮助的时候 你是否经常主动提供帮助 Do you often offer to help people when they are help 2 你常头痛吗 Do you often headaches 3 为了得到个好座位 她到得很早 She arrived early get a good seat 4 我们在选择剧目上有一些困难 We choosing the play 一 必记单词 1 筹募 增加 提高 v 2 准许 批准 n 3 丧失能力的 有残疾的 adj 4 青少年 n 5 主动提出 v 6 受苦 受折磨 v 7 严重的 8 某种 病 n 9 组织 v 10 表达 v 11 痛苦 n 12 孤独的 寂寞的 13 友情 14 困难 费劲 15 愉快 喜悦 n 16 平静 宁静 n 17 使 疼痛 受伤 v 18 勇气 勇敢 n 19 情绪 心境 n 20 付费 v 二 常考短语 1 残疾人 2 筹钱 3 主动提出做某事 4 为某人提供某物 5 因 受苦难 6 拍照片 7 讲故事 8 教某人做某事 9 需要帮助的 10 义务性工 11 报请批准 12 使振奋 13 目的在于 为了 14 做某事有困难 15 继续做某事 16 某人需要做某事 17 一个叫做玛丽的女孩 三 单项选择 1 The kids offered the dishes A do B to do C doing D does 2 Welcome to our hotel I hope you ll have a good time your stay here A after B with C during D since 3 We are money for charity A putting B giving C rising D raising 4 Many companies suffer a shortage of skilled workers A from B at C to D for 5 I always tell my students on the road because it s dangerous A not to play B to play not C not playing D playing not 6 He was but he was not A alone alone B lonely lonely C alone lonely D lonely alone 7 She had a lot of difficulty that book A read B reading C to read D reads 8 Taking her in both hands she opened the door and walked in A love B courage C confidence D care 9 Tim used to sports until he hurt his legs in an accident A love B loves C loving D loved 10 I couldn t do it your great help Thanks a lot A with B without C for D to 11 Daisy is such a good daughter that she most of her spare time with her parents A spends B costs C takes D affords 12 The little boy his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus A lent B took C offered D brought 13 Do you know that the Earth is home to animals A million B millions of C millions D million of 14 Thank you for helping me so much A Don t thank me B All right C Don t say so D You re welcome 15 The T shirt looks nice on you How much does it I just ten dollars for it A take afford B cost paid C cost spent D cost cost 四 用单词的适当形式填空 1 In order learn Japanese he went to Japan 2 Daming has great difficulty speak English 3 help others makes me happily 4 Do you know the girl name Mary 5 Shenzhen has a population of over ten million 6 My mother often teaches me play the piano 7 Some photos take by the children of Yushu are really great 8 The house needs clean 9 She needs buy some food 10 After a short rest she continues read the book 五 拓展练习 完形填空 Many people think the 1 time is spent the more work will be done So students have to spend the whole day doing school work 2 the three meals Modern students have many 3 They love sports computers and music A 4 holiday can get them away from too much school work and they can do what they like But still teachers do not 5 it Because they have too much homework they have no time to enjoy themselves Students are really tired of their weekend homework So they don t do it 6 Sunday night And there is not enough time to finish the homework carefully The poor weekend homework usually makes teachers 7 Things always get worse 8 right ideas Too much school work makes students lose 9 in learning It s also bad for their health A horse runs faster after a rest But for students only a rest is not enough So such a condition should be 10 to give students both pleasure and knowledge 1 A many B much C more D most 2 A except B for C during D with 3 A hobbies B books C pens D friends 4 A two days B two days C two day D two day s 5 A talk about B think about C speak of D look after 6 A on B except C after D until 7 A to get angry B get angry C to feel unhappy D quite surprised 8 A to B by C without D with 9 A interested B interest C interesting D themselves 10 A changed B kept C taught D made 阅读理解 A I have never taken cooking classes I learned cooking from my mother because she was really interested in teaching me how to cook The main reason for this was that when my mother got married she di