人教版八年级英语上册单词-短语-句型和语法总结

1 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 重点语法重点语法 不定代词 不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词 用法注意 1 some 和 any 可数名 不可数名 some 多用于肯定句 any 多用于否定句 疑问句和条件从句 有些问句中用 some 不用 any 问话者希望得到对 方肯定回答 2 由 some any no every 与 body one thing 构成的复合不定代词作主语时 其谓语动词用三单 3 不定代词若有定语修饰 该定语要置于其后 如 something interesting 重点短语重点短语 1 buy sth for ab buy sb sth 为某人买某物 2 taste adj 尝起来 3 nothing but V 原形 除了 之外什么都没有 4 seem to be adj 看起来 5 arrive in 大地方 arrive at 小地方 到达某地 6 decide to do sth 决定做某事 7 try doing sth 尝试做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 8 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 9 want to do sth 想去做某事 10 start doing sth 开始做某事 begin doing sth 11 stop doing sth 停止做某事 区分 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 12 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 14 so adj that 从句 如此 以至于 16 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人 不要 做某事 17 keep doing sth 继续做某事 18 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 词语辨析词语辨析 1 take a photo take photos 拍照 quite a few 名词复数 许多 2 seem 形容词 看起来 You seem happy today seem to do sth 似乎 好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems 从句 似乎 It seems that no one believe you 2 seem like 好像 似乎 It seems like a good idea 3 arrive in 大地点 get to reach 地点名 到达 arrive at 小地点 注 若后跟地点副词 here there home 介词需省略 如 arrive here get home 4 feel like sth 感觉像 feel doing sth 想要做某事 5 wonder 想知道 疑问词 who what why 引导的从句 6 because of 名 代 V ing because 从句 He can t take a walk because of the rain I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive 7 enough 名词 足够的 形容词 副词 enough Unit2 How often do you exercise 重点语法重点语法 1 频率副词 always usually often sometimes never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前 be 动词或助动词之后 常用于一般现在时态中 2 次数 的表达方法 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词 times 如 three times five times 3 how often 多久一次 问频率 回答常含有频率词组或短语 常见的 how 疑问词 1 How soon 多久 以后 How soon will he be back 他多久能回来 He will be back in a month 他一个月后能回来 2 how long 多久 How long did it take you to clean the house 你打扫房子用了多久 It took me half an hour to clean the house 我打扫这房子用了半小时 3 How many 名复 How much 不可名 多少 问数量 how much 还可问价格 3 重点短语重点短语 1 go to the movies 去看电影 2 look after take care of 照顾 3 surf the internet 上网 4 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5 go skate boarding 去划板 6 keep healthy stay healthy 保持健康 7 eating habits 饮食习惯 8 take more exercise 做更多的运动 9 the same as 与什么相同 10 be different from 不同 11 once a month 一月一次 12 twice a week 一周两次 13 make a difference to 对 有影响 作用 14 most of the students most students 15 shop go shopping do some shopping 购物 16 be good for 对 有益 17 be bad for 对 有害 18 come home from school 放学回家 19 of course certainly sure 当然 20 get good grades 取得好成绩 21 keep be in good health 保持健康 22 take a vacation 去度假 词语辨析词语辨析 1 maybe may be maybe 是副词 意为 大概 可能 或许 一般用于句首 May be 是情态动词 意为 可能是 也许是 大概 是 The baby is crying Maybe she is hungry The woman may be a teacher 2 a few few a little little a few 少数的 几个 一些 a little 一点儿 少量 表示肯定 few 很少的 几乎没有的 little 很少的 几乎没有的 表示否定 修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词 People can live to 100 but few people can live to 150 There is little time left I won t catch the first bus Could you give me a little milk 3 hard hardly 4 hard 作形容词 意为 困难的 艰苦的 硬的 作副词 意为 努力地 猛烈地 hardly 为副词 意为 几乎不 The ground is too hard to dig I can hardly understand them It s raining hard The people can hardly go outside 4 As for homework most students do homework every day as for 意思是 至于 关于 名词 代词或动词的 ing 形式 即动名词 如 As for him I never want to see him here 至于他 我永远不希望在这里见到 As for the story you d better not believe it 关于那故事 你最好不要相信 5 That sounds interesting 这是 主语 系动词 表语 结构的简单句 sound 听起来 look 看起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 觉得 seem 好象 grow 变得 get 变得 等词在英语中可用作系动词 后跟形容词作表语 如 It tastes good 这味道好 The music sounds very sweet 这音乐听起来很入耳 The smoke grew heavier and heavier 烟雾变得越来越浓了 6 percent 名词 意为 百分之 百分数的表示方法 基数 percent 不用复数形式 percent 做主语时 谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定 50 fifty percent 百分之五十 Fifty percent of the apples are bad 50 的苹果都坏了 Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge 20 的肉都在冰箱 7 not at all 意为 一点也不 not 应放在 be 动词 情态动词或助动词之后 The story isn t interesting at all 那个故事一点也没有趣 8 It is adj to do sth 做某事是 的 It is interesting to play computer games 玩电脑很有趣 9 take spend pay It takes sb some time to do sth 意为 花费某人 时间来做某事 人 sb spend 时间 钱 on sth 买某物花了 钱 人 sb spend 时间 钱 in doing 花费多少时间来做某事 pay 的主语必须是人 而 花钱买某物 为 pay for 10 however 副词 意为 然而 可是 表示转折关系 可放在句首 句中 句末 5 Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister 重点语法重点语法 1 形容词和副词的比较等级 1 形容词和副词的原形就是原级 2 比较级 表示较 或更 3 最高级 表示最 2 比较级句型 1 A be 动词 形容词的比较级 than B A 比 B 更 注意 A 与 B 必须是同级的 即必须是人与人 物 与物进行对比 2 A 实意动词 副词比较级 than B 表示 A 比 B 3 比较 A B 两人 两事物问其中哪一个较 时用句型 Who which 谓语动词 adj adv 比较级 A or B Who is thinner Jenny or Mary 3 比较级的特殊用法 1 比较级 and 比较级 意为 越来越 多音节比较级用 more and more 原级 2 the 比较级 the 比较级 意思是 越 越 The more the better 3 主 is the 形容词比较级 of the two 名复 主语是两者中较 的 4 两者在某一方面相同 A 谓语动词 be 动词 as adj adv 原级 as B Helen is as tall as Amy Peter studies as hard as Tom 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时 用 not as so 形容词或副词原级 as I am not as tall as my sister 5 形容词 副词比较级前的修饰语 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时 可以用 much a lot a little a bit 等来修饰形容词比较级 注意 比较级不能 用 very so too quite 等修饰 重点短语重点短语 1 more outgoing 更外向 更开朗 2 as as 与 一样 3 the singing competition 歌咏比赛 4 the most important 最重要的 5 be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 6 the same as 与 相同 7 care about 关心 留意 关注 8 be different from 与 不同 6 9 be like a mirror 像一面镜子 10 as long as 只要 与 一样长 11 bring out 显示 显出 12 get better grades 取得更好的成绩 13 reach for 伸手达到 达到 14 touch one s heart 感动 15 in fact 事实上 16 make friends 交朋友 17 be good at 在某方面成绩好 18 the other 另一个 19 be similar to 与 相似 20 be good with 与 和睦相处 21 have fun Have a good time 玩得开心 have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 22 do the same things as me 做和我一样的事情 23 It s adj for sb to do sth 做某事 对某人来说 是 的 24 make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 25 as long as 只要 既然 引导条件状语从句 词语辨析词语辨析 1 be good at do well in 其后可接名词 代词或动名词 表示擅长 2 care about 关心 care for 关爱 take care 当 小心 take care of 照顾 look after 3 make sb do sth 让 使 某人做某事 make 后跟不带 to 的不定式 His father always make me get up before five o clock make sb 形容词 使某人保持某种状态 My friends always make me happy 4 be like 就像 I am like your sister look like 外貌上的像 I look like my sister 5 That s why 句子 那就是 的原因 那就是为什么 That s why I study English hard 那就是我努力学习英语的原因 6 be different from 与 不同 反 be the same as 与 相同 7 7 though adv 不过 可是 然而 句末补充说明使语气减弱 conj 虽然 尽管 although 与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中 He said he would come He didn t though 他说他要来 可是并没有来 Though Although he has been dead for many years many people still remember him 尽管他已经去世很多年了 但很多人仍然记得他 8 get better grades 取得更好的成绩 9 does 助动词 do did 为了避免重复 可代替上文出现过的实意动词 10 be good with sb 与某人相处得好 Unit4 What s the best movie theater 重点语法重点语法 1 形容词最高级 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较 标志词 表比较范围时用 in of 形容词最高级前须加定冠词 the 副词最高级前可省略 the 2 表示 三者 或以上 中最 的 的句型 1 A be the 形容词最高级 表示范围 in of 介词短语 2 A 实意动词 the 副词最高级 表示范围的 of in 介词短语 3 常用句式 1 Who Which 最高级 A B or C 2 one of the 形容词最高级 名词复数形式 意为 最 之一 3 序数词后跟形容词最高级 重点短语重点短语 1 so far 到目前为止 迄今为止 2 no problem 没什么 别客气 3 have in common 有相同特征 想法 兴趣等方面 相同 4 be up to 由 决定 是 的职责 5 all kinds of 各种各样的 6 play a role in doing sth sth 发挥作用 有影响 7 make up 编造 故事 谎言等 8 for example e g 例如 9 take seriously 认真对待 8 10 not everybody 并不是每个人 11 close to 离 近 12 more and more 越来越 词语辨析词语辨析 1 How do you like 名 代 V ing What do you think of 你认为 怎么样 2 Thanks for Thank you for 名 代 V ing 感谢 3 You re welcome Not at all 不客气 4 talent 名 可 天赋 talent show 才艺表演 talented adj 有天赋的 be talented in 在 方面有天赋 5 be good at 擅长 do well in 反义短语 be poor weak in 在 方面薄弱 be good for 对 有益 后跟人或事物 其反义短语是 be bad for be good to 对 好 和善 慈爱 相当于 be friendly to 后面通常接人 6 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 a kind of 一种 kind of 有点 adj kind of boring fat thin 7 win vt 赢得 奖品 winner n 赢者 8 watch sb do sth 观看某人做了某事 watch doing sth 观看某人正在做某事 9 举例 such as 常列举几个例子 不能穷尽 可和 and so on 等等 连用 like 可和 such as 互换 for example 一 般只列举一个 作插入语用逗号隔开 可置于句首 句中 句末 Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show 重点语法重点语法 1 询问某人对某物的观点及看法 What do you think of How do you like 2 描述喜好 I love like don t mind dislike can t stand 9 3 复习巩固一般现在时态 主语 V 其他 主语 三单 V 三单 其他 重点短语重点短语 1 find out 查出 发现 2 be ready to do 准备做 3 dress up 打扮 化妆成 4 take one s place 代替某人 5 do a good job 干的好 表演的出色 6 think of 想到 思考 7 game show 游戏节目 8 learn from 向 学习 9 talk show 访谈节目 10 soap opera 肥皂剧 11 go on 继续 12 watch a movie 看电影 13 one of 其中之一 14 try one s best to do one s best to 竭尽全力 15 a pair of 一双 16 as famous as 一样闻名 出名 17 look like 看起来像 18 around the world 世界各地 19 have a discussion about 讨论 20 one day 有一天 某一天 21 such as 例如 22 a symbol of 一个象征 标志 23 something enjoyable 快乐的事情 24 interesting information 有趣的信息 词语辨析词语辨析 1 want n 想要 want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事 2 mind 介意 其后 名词 代词 V ing 3 stand 1 站 站立 e g Stand up 起立 2 忍受 多用于否定句 疑问句 后可 名 代 V ing 10 4 plan vt 出现 sth happens to sb 或 sth happened 时间 地点 句式 7 情态动词 may 语气弱于 can 意为 可能 might 表推测 语气最弱 意为 可能 may might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱 意为 可能不 They may not be very exciting 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋 8 expect to do sth 期盼做某事 hope to do sth 希望干某事 很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语 如 want like hope wish learn start begin prefer try ask 9 be famous as 作为 而出名 be famous for sth 因为 而出名 10 one of 后跟可数名词复数 表示 之一 其后的谓语动词用单数 One of my favorite movies is Mr Bean 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生 11 show n 节目 TV shows talent shows v 展示 show sth to sb show sb sth Unit6 I m going to study computer science 重点重点词语词语 短短语语用法解析用法解析 1 want to be become 职业 名词 想要成为 I want to be be a scientist when I grow up 2 write stories 写故事 tell stories 讲故事 3 keep on doing sth 继续做某事 表动作的反复 keeping doing sth 保持做某事 表动作或状态的持续 11 4 be sure about 名 代 V ing 肯定 Are you sure about that make sure that 从句 确保 Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out 5 learn sth We must learn English every day learn to do sth I am going to learn to play play the piano 6 discuss v 讨论 商量 名词是 discussion discuss with sb 与某人讨论 Discuss this question with your partner Let s discuss this problem 让我们讨论一下这个问题 All we need now is action not discussion 我们现在需要的是行动 不是讨论 7 be able to do sth 能够做某事 1 can can 动词原形 无人称和数的变化 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时 不能用于将来时 be able to 动词原形 有人称和数的变化 可用于多种时态 2 can 常指客观上能够 be able to 更侧重于经过努力 克服一定困难有能力做成某事 He will be able to 能够 speak English next year 在此不能填 can 8 promise n 承诺 诺言 v 许诺 承诺 答应 make a promise to sb 对某人 许下诺言 keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 promise sb to do sth 许诺某人干某事 promise sb that 从句 He promised to help me 他许诺过要帮助我 I promised that I study hard from now on 我承诺从现在起努力学习 9 have to do with 关于 与 有关系 The book has to do with computers 那本书与计算机有关 10 take up sth doing sth 尤指为消遣 学着做 开始做 I am going to take up cooking next year 明年我将要学煮饭 11 Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep too 形容词 副词 to 动词原形 表示 太 而不能 如 12 The kid is too young to play this game 这个小孩太小 不能玩这个游戏 12 one s own 名词 某人自己的东西 强调某物为个人所有 my own book 我自己的书本 重点重点语语法法 一般将来一般将来时时 am is are going to 动词动词原形原形 结结构构 1 基本形式基本形式 否定式 am is are not going to 动词原形 一般疑问式 am is are 主语 going to 动词原形 其他 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词 一般疑问式 He is going to spend his holidays in London 他打算在伦敦度假 Look at the dark clouds There is going to be a storm 看那乌云 快要下雨了 Is he going to collect any data for us 他会帮我们收集数据吗 What are you going to do tomorrow 明天你打算作什么 2 基本用法基本用法 1 表示事先经过考虑 安排好打算 计划要做某事 Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧 2 表示根据目前某种迹象判断 某事非常有可能发生 表示推测 Look There come the dark clouds It is going to rain 瞧 乌云密集 天要下雨了 Unit7 Will people have robots 13 重点词语重点词语 短语用法解析短语用法解析 1 many 可数名词 许多 much 不可数名词 许多 2 live to be 基数词 years old 活到 岁 3 be in great danger 处在极大的危险中 4 play a part in 名 代 V ing 参与某事 做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth 5 help sb with sth 帮助 某人 做某事 He often helps me with my English help sb to do sth 帮助 某人 做 He often helps me study English help oneself to 自用 食物等 Help yourself to the fish 请随便吃鱼 6 the same as 和 一样 反义短语 be different from 7 It takes took will take sb some time to do sth 某人花了 时间做某事 时态根据具体情况决定 It takes me an hour to get to my office spend time money on sth 在 上花费时间 金钱 sb spend time money in doing sth 花费时间 金钱 做某事 I spent two hours on this math problem 这道数学题花了我个小时 They spent two years building this bridge 造这座桥花了他们两年时间 8 hundreds of 名词复数 许多 大量 数词 hundred 名词复数 几百 类似的数词还有 thousand 千 million 万 There are four hundred students in our grade There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year 9 during 在 期间 during the vacation the daytime the weekend 10 the meaning of 的意思 14 Can you tell me the meaning of the words 重点重点语语法法 一般将来时 点击左方蓝字即可查看一般将来时全部知识内容 Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake 重点重点词语词语 短短语语用法解析用法解析 1 cut 是 切 割 的意思 过去式为 cut cut up 意为 切碎 Cut up the bananas Cut the bananas up Cut it them up 2 turn on 打开 接通 电流 煤气 水等 turn off 关掉 截断 电流 煤气 水等 turn up 开大 调高 音量 热量等 turn down 调低 关小 音量 热量等 3 one more thing 另外一件事情 another ten minutes 再多十分钟 数字 more 物品 指 另外的 another 数字 物品 指 另外的 当数字为 one 时 常与 more 连用或只用 another Give me two more hamburgers another two hamburgers 4 forget to do sth 忘记 去 做某事 forget doing sth 忘记已做过某事 5 It s a time for sb to do sth 该是 某人 做某事的时期了 It s time for sb to do sth It s time for sth 该是 某人 做某事的时间了 It s a time for you to study English It s time for us to go to school It s time for school 6 give thanks for 名 代 V ing 感恩 We should give thanks for our parents He gave thanks for life and food 15 7 Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal by sth doing 1 以 方式 I study English by listening to English songs 2 在 的旁边 I am sitting by the pool 3 在 之前 I have to go to school by 8 00 4 搭乘 I go to school by bus 8 Here is 名单 宾语 这是 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my family Here are 名复 Here are some English books 当宾语是代词时 要用顺装 如 Here you are 对 Here are you 错 9 fill sth with sth 用 把 装满 强调动作 be full of 装满 强调状态 I filled the cup with the milk The cup is full of the milk 10 put in into 把 放到 里 11 cover with 用 覆盖 12 cut into 把 切成 Cut the apple into four pieces cut up 切碎 13 serve v 服务 n service serve 名 代 提供 The shop serves nice food serve sb sth serve sth to sb Serve it to your friends with some vegetables serve sb with sth 用某物招待某人 Serve the guests with some tea 重点重点语语法法 名词的单复数 点击左方蓝字即可查看名词单复数的全部知识内容 Unit9 Can you come to my party 重点重点词语词语 短短语语用法解析用法解析 1 one another 表示不确定数目中的另一个 one the other 表示两者中的另一个 16 I don t like this one can you show me another I have two brothers One is a lawyer and the other is a manager some others 表示没有范围限定的 一些 另一些 some the others 表示某一范围的 一些 其余的 Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus 2 invite v 邀请 n invitation invite sb to do sth 邀请某人干某事 invite sb to 地点名词 1 Mr Green invited me to visit his factory last week 2 Thanks a lot for your invitation 3 Thanks for inviting me to your party 3 1 What s the date today 意为 今天是几月几号 It s 月 日 2 What day is it today 意为 今天是星期几 It s 星期几 What s the date It s September 10th What day is it today It s Wednesday 4 have a lesson class 上课 have an English lesson 5 prepare v 准备 n preparation prepare sth 准备某物 所准备的东西就是后面的宾语 prepare for sth 为 做准备 指为后面的宾语做准备 prepare to do sth 准备做某事 6 bring to 带来 把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方 take to 带去 把某物从说话的地方带到别处去 两者方向相反 Bring your homework here and take the book away 把你的作业拿过来 把这本书带走 7 without 介词 没有 反义词 with 具有 We can t live without water Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair 17 8 so that 从句 以便于 目的是 I study hard so that I can get good grades 9 surprise n 惊奇 surprised adj 感到惊奇的 指人 surprising adj 令人惊奇的 指物 be surprised at sth 惊奇于某事 to one s surprise 令某人惊奇的是 I m surprised at the surprising news 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊 To my surprise he left without leaving a word 令我惊奇的是 他一声不响地离开了 10 look forward to 介词 名 代 V ing I look forward to your reply 我期待你的答复 I look forward to seeing you again 11 hear from sb get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信 I heard from my friends yesterday I got a letter from my friend yesterday 12 the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方式 Exercising is the best way to keep healthy 13 how to do that 该怎么做 疑问词 to do sth 常用来做宾语 I don t know how to make a banana milk shake I don t know what to do 14 at the end of 在 末尾 Now it is at the end of 2014 反义短语 at the beginning of 在 开始 15 be glad happy sad to do sth 很高兴 难过做某事 I am glad to see you 16 reply to sb sth 回复 Reply in writing to the invitation 以写信形式回复这份邀请函 重点重点语语法法 一一 表示邀表示邀请请的句型的句型 18 1 Can Could you come to my party 2 Would you like to Would you like to my party 接受 Sure Yes Of course I d love like to 拒绝 I m sorry I can t I have to must V 原 陈述理由 I d love like to but I 理由 3 I m afraid not I 理由 二二 must 与与 have to 1 must 表示主观 必须 must 表示 主观上的要求 无人称和时态的变化 否定回答 needn t 或 don t have to 不 必 mustn t 表示 禁止 2 have to 表客观需要 有人称和时态变化 否 don t doesn t didn t have to 没必要 Must I be home before eight o clock 8 点之前我必须回家吗 Yes you must No you needn t No you don t have to Unit10 If you go to the party you ll have a great time 重点词语重点词语 短语用法解析短语用法解析 1 have a great time 意为 玩得愉快 enjoy oneself have fun have a good wonderful nice time have a great good time in doing sth 做某事很开心 2 ask sb not to do sth 要求某人 不 做某事 The teachers ask us to do do lots of homework 3 order sth from 地点 从