美国人力资源管理—福利管理-教学课件12.ppt

GLOBALEMPLOYEEBENEFITSATAGLANCE Chapter12 McGraw Hill Irwin Copyright 2011TheMcGraw HillCompanies Inc Allrightsreserved NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 2 LEARNINGOBJECTIVES DifferencesbetweenbenefitsintheUSandaroundtheworldPaidtime offbenefitsinvariouscontinentsandcountriesProtectionbenefitssuchasretirement healthcare andsocialsecurityinvariouscontinentsandcountriesLegalandregulatoryinfluencesonemployeebenefitspracticesOtherpracticesthatdistinguishcountriesbenefitsprograms NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 3 TheWorldIsFlat AccordingtoThomasFriedmaninhisbestseller TheWorldIsFlat recenttechnologicalglobalizationhasincreasedthe interconnectedness betweeneconomiesinvariouspartsoftheworld ThismeansthatthatU S economymustbecomemoreglobally agileandwithitU S companiesmustemployH R professionalwhocannavigateandunderstandlegalandcomplianceissueswithintheglobalcontextandspecifically withinthecountrieswheretheircompanyhasestablishedaeconomicpresence NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 4 NORTHAMERICA NAFTA NAFTA NorthAtlanticFreeTradeAgreement allowedtradeandinvestmentflowstoskyrocketinNorthAmerica withInternationalMonetaryfundestimatingthattradetripledbetweenMexico Canada andtheUSbetween1993and2002 ThelaborsideofNAFTAistheNorthAmericanAgreementonLaborCooperation NAALC andwascreatedinordertopromotecooperationbetweentradeunionsandsocialorganizationsinordertochampionimprovedlaborconditions NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 5 CANADA ThebasicruleofCanadianlawholdsthatlaborandemploymentlawfallwithintheexclusivejurisdictionoftheprovinces8and9annualpaidholidays 2weekspaidvacation2statepensionplans oneforQuebecresidentsonlyandonefortherestofCanadaMedicalandbasichospitalcarepaidforbyprovincialmedicalinsuranceplanswithcompulsorycoverageforallresidentsPercapitaexpenditureforhealthin2006was 3 672 NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 6 MEXICO Paidtime offduringpublicholidaysordoubletimepay6weeks leavepriortogivingbirthand6weeks leaveafterbirthonfullsalarySocialsecurityprogramsinMexicoareadministeredbytheMexicanSocialSecurityInstituteMedicalservicesprovideddirectlytopatientsthroughthehealthfacilitiesoftheMexicanSocialSecurityInstituteMexicoisafederalrepublicandMexicanlaborlawisbasedontheMexicanFederalLaborLaw NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 7 SOUTHAMERICA AccordingtotheInternationalMonetaryFund Brazil Argentina Columbia andChilearethelargesteconomiesinSouthAmerica Othercountriesareexperiencingeconomicdevelopmentaswell Thetwolargesttradeblocksmergedin2004intoTheSouthAmericanCommunityofNationswhichplanstomodelitselfaftertheEuropeanUnion NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 8 Brazilisafederalrepublicwitha100 9million strongworkforceandapercapitaGDPof 10 100 ItisthestrongesteconomyinSouthAmerica ConsolidationofLaborLawshighlyregulatesemploymentpracticesAlthoughtheoreticallyemployeesareprotectedbyprincipalofcontinuity employersdischargeemployeesarbitrarilybecauseofthesubstantialsupplyofreadyworkerswillingtoacceptlowerpayBrazilianlaborlawstipulatesa30daypaidannualvacationwitha1 3monthbonusaswellasapaid120daymaternityleave ComprehensivesocialsecuritybenefitsforallworkersPensionsareprovidedforindustry government andtheself employed Voluntarycoverageisofferedforstudents housewives andtheunemployed Employersarerequiredtocontribute20 oftheirpayrollwithnomaximummonthlyearnings MedicalservicesareprovideddirectlytopatientsinruralandurbanareasthroughtheUnifiedHealthSystem NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 9 ARGENTINA 14daysofpaidannualvacation morewithover5yearsofseniorityAlsoentitledto3 6monthsofsickleavebasedonseniorityMaternityleavefor45daysbeforebirthand45daysafterbirthThereisamandatoryretirementandpensionsystem bothemployerandemployeepay11 coveredearnings EmployeehealthinsurancemandatedbystatuteTheCIAFactbookreportsthatArgentina ademocraticrepublic enjoysahigheducationlevelandrichnaturalresources WithacurrentGDPof 14 500andalaborforceof16 27million Argentinahasexperiencedareboundineconomicgrowthsinceadownturninthe1990 s Recently thegovernmentnationalizedprivatepensionfunds NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 10 EuropeanUnion UniqueinternationalorganizationhopingtoelevateparticipatingEuropeancountriestobecomeaneconomicpowerhouseLimitedauthorityinemploymentmatters memberstatesmustgiveemployeesawrittenemploymentdocumentLaborlawwasdesignedwiththeaimofensuringthatthecreationoftheSingleMarketdidnotresultinaloweringoflaborstandardsordistortionsincompetitionTheconceptof employmentatwill doesnotexistintheEUasintheUnitedStates NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 11 FRANCE 5weekspaidleaveafteroneyearofemploymentSocialsecuritybenefitsgrantedtoemployeescontainthreecomponents healthinsurance unemploymentinsurance andretirementinsuranceOrganizationofmedicalservicesforemployeesistheresponsibilityoftheemployerEmployeesmustbeinformedinwritingregardingthetermsandconditionsoftheiremployment orchangesregardingthesame Asademocraticrepublic France sGDPis 32 700anditslaborforceis28 5millionstrong Franceismovingtoaneconomicmodelwithlessgovernmentcontrolandinterventioninlarge Frenchcompanies NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 12 GERMANY 4weekspaidvacation cannotberequiredtoworkonholidaysStatutorypensionsystemanalogoustotheSocialSecuritysystemintheUnitedStatesGermanlawsstipulateguidelinesforminimalhealthwelfareofworkers Germanyisafederalrepublicwiththe5thlargesteconomyintheworld GDPis 44 800 perCIAFactbookwithaworkforceof43 2millionworkers Germanyhassufferedhighunemploymentratesandhasrecentlybeenpushingforlaborreformregardingwomenandtheolderworker TheGermanCivilCodeprovidesnumerousstatuteswhichdealwithindividualemploymentaswellascollectivebargainingagreements NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 13 SPAIN StatuteofWorkersdefinestheemployer employeerelationshipGuaranteed30daysofpaidtimeoffeachyearLeaveofabsenceforupto3yearsfrombirthWorker scompiscoveredunderthepensionsystem PensionfundsareregulatedundertheSocialSecuritysystemMedicalservicesprovidedtopatientsdirectlythroughtheNationalHealthManagementInstituteAccordingtotheCIAFactbook Spainhasaparliamentarymonarchyandamixedcapitalisticsystem ThecurrentGDPis 34 600andtheworkforcesizeis2 1million NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 14 UnitedKingdom 4weekspaidannualleaveincludingholidaysEmployerscanrecoverspecificemployeesickleavecostswhenconditionsoftheNationalInsuranceContributionsActaremet26weeksmaternity whichmaynotbeginpriorto11weeksbeforebirthAllemployeeswiththerequisiteNationalInsuranceContributionsareentitledtobasicstatepensionWorkers CompisalsorequiredMedicalservicesareprovidedbytheNationalHealthService TheUnitedKingdomisaconstitutionalmonarchywithalaborforceof31 2millionandapercapitaGDPof 46 600 Mostrecently theLaborgovernmentinstitutedtheEmploymentRelationsActof1999 Generallytheemployer employeerelationshiphasfewgovernmentalrestrictions NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 15 THENETHERLANDS TheEmploymentAgreementActprovidesspecificrulesfortheemploymentrelationship PaidleaveforworkscouncildutiesPregnancyandchildbirthleaveof16weekswithfullpaySocialsecuritysystem employeeandnationalinsuranceandsocialassistanceschemesHealthbenefitsareprovidedbetweentheinsurerandtheinsured StateOldAgePensionsActprovidesoldagebenefitsTheNetherlandsisaconstitutionalmonarchywithPercapitalGDPof 41 300and7 5millionworkers NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 16 ITALY TheCivilCodeenactedin1942andalegislativelyimplementedEUDirectivecoversemploymentEmployeesentitledto3to5weeksofpaidvacationForIllnessoraccidentsemployeesreceivefullpayfor1monthand payforthefollowing2monthsPaidmaternityleave mandatory2monthsbeforebirthand3monthsafterbirthTwotypesofpensionplans compulsoryandcomplementary TherepublicofItalyhasadiversifiedindustrialandagriculturaleconomy TheGDPpercapitais 31 000andthelaborforceis25 09millionstrong NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 17 POLAND Polandisanexampleofarepublicwithagrowingeconomy Ithasalaborforceofalmost17millionandapercapitaGDPof 17 300 TheemploymentrelationshipiscontainedinthePolishLaborCodeandbenefitsareprovidedunderanewConstitution 20dayspaidvacationiflessthan10yearsofservice 26daysif10 Allemployeesentitledto18 20weeksofmaternityleave withadditionalunpaidleaveaswellThree pillarsystemofpensionsMedicalservicesareprovideddirectlytopatientsbyprivatehealthcareprovidersundercontracttotheNationalHealthFund NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 18 SWEDEN 1600hoursworkyear shortestintheworld14weeksofmaternityleave 80 wages TwostatutorypensionplansWorkers medicalbenefitsincludefreemedicalpercapitalimitperindividualperyearof1 800kronorTheCIAFactbookreportsthatSweden sconstitutionalmonarchycharacterizedbycapitalismwithextensivesocialwelfarebenefitshasalaborforceofalmost5millionandapercapitaGDPof 38 500 NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 19 RUSSIA 28dayspaidleaveEveryoneguaranteedsocialinsuranceGovernmentpensionsarepaidoutofafederalbudgetCompulsorymedicalinsurancecoversmedicalservicesprovideddirectlytopatientsbypublicandprivatehealthprovidersTheFederationofRussiahasalaborforceof75 7millionandapercapitaGDPof 15 800 TheConstitutionoftheRussianFederation NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 20 PEOPLE SREPUBLICOFCHINA PRCLaborLawwasestablishedin1995establishesindividualworkcontractsMedicalbenefitsaredeterminedbyageandlengthofservice homeleaveisgrantedforemployeesworkingfarfromhomePensioncharacterizedbysocialinsuranceandmandatoryindividualaccountsUnderaunifiedmedicalinsurancesystem healthinsuranceconsistsofbothPooledFundandPersonalAccountsChinaisexperiencingrapideconomicgrowthwhileshiftingfromacentralizedtoamoremarket orientedeconomy TheGDPhasbeengrowingatarateof10 peryearforthelaborforceof807 7millionworkerswithacurrentGDPof 6 000 NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 21 HongKong HongKongbecamealimiteddemocracyunderPeople sRepublicofChinarulebeginningJuly1 1997 Althoughthelaborforceisrelativelysmall 3 6million theGDPexceedsthefourlargestEUeconomies ThegoverningconstitutionisknownastheBasicLaw theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionhastheauthoritytomakeemploymentlawsandtheEmploymentOrdinanceprovidesminimumlaborstandards Employee swhoselengthofserviceisoveroneyearareentitledtoupto14daysofpaidleave Publicinstitutionsobserveadditionalholidaysaswell Employeesget80 oftheirpayforregularsickdaysandthereisaprovisionforsickleaveaccrual Maternityleaveis10weeksat80 pay Worker scompensationexistsforon the jobinjuries Universaloldageanddisabilitypensions mandatoryoccupationalbenefits andsocialassistancesystemsarekeyelementsofretirementprotection Freemedicalcareinpublichospitalsisavailableforqualifiedsocialassistanceparticipants NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 22 JAPAN Annualpaidleavebeginsat10daysandcapsat20daysperyearbasedonlengthofserviceMaternityandfamilyleavesystemsarebaseduponboththeindividualemploymentcontractandnationally providedemploymentinsurancebenefitsPensionsareprovidedforallresidentswithadditionalbenefitsfortheemployedThenationalhealthinsuranceplancoversmedicalcareandtreatmenttypicallycontractedwiththeinsurancecarrier Costsharingisbasedonageandthereisnobenefitdurationlimit Japanisaconstitutionalmonarchywithaparliamentarygovernment alaborforceof66 15millionandapercapitaGDPof 34 200 Theemploymentrelationshipisbasedonthetraditionalnotionoffreedomofcontract however somebasicemploymentprovisionsexistintheCivilCodeof1896whichhasbeenrecentlyupdatedwithlawsregardingallaspectsoftheemployer employeerelationship NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 23 SOUTHKOREA 10dayspaidleaveforfulltimeemployeesFemaleemployeesareentitledtomaternityleaveandarecompensatedbyanunemploymentfundSickleaveisrequiredonlyforoccupationalinjuries accidentsPensionscovermostworkers boththeemployerandemployeecontributetoretirementbenefitsandemployeesareeligibleafter20yearsofserviceEmployeehealthinsurancesubscriptionisrequiredatarateofapproximately5 ofannualbasesalary MedicalservicesareprovidedbyclinicsandhospitalsundercontractwiththeNationalHealthInsuranceCorporation NHIC SouthKoreaisaRepublicwhichhasexperiencedconsiderablehigh technologyglobalgrowth SouthKorea slaborforceis24 35millionandtheGDPis 26 000 Manylaborprovisionsaregovernment mandatedandviolationsaretreatedasacriminaloffense NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 24 INDIA Upto30dayspaidleavebaseduponnumberofdaysworkedinpreviousyear thereisnostatutorymaternityleaveorbenefitPension relatedlawspassedinbeginningin1952culminatingina2004lawenactingoldage disability andsurvivors benefits Thereisalsoaprivatepensionoptionwhichmaybeexercisedinsteadofthegovernmentbenefit Thereisgovernment sponsoredHealthcarethroughEmployees StateInsuranceCorporationIndiaisademocraticfederalrepublicwithadiverseeconomy India sworkforceiscomposedof23 5millionindividualswithapercapitaGDPofonly 2 800 TheDirectiveofStatePolicyaffectsvariousaspectsofemployment NoelleBaker ContributingEditor 1 25 SAUDIARABIA IslamicShari alaw15 21dayspaidvacationbasedonlongevityEidAl Fitr 10dayholidayMat