（医学课件）健康城市中绿色基础设施的作用

TheRoleofGreenInfrastructureinHealthyCities健康城市中绿色基础设施的作用 1 PresentationOverview主要内容 SingleSystems IntegratedSystems综合设施 UrbanVegetationWaterRequirements城市植被需水量 MappingofGI Full medium andsmall scalegreenroofsFertilisedandunfertilisedIrrigatedandnon irrigated PropertyscaleStreetscalePrecinctscale WaterdemandestimationFit for purposewatersupply RemotesensingorurbanvegetationwaterrequirementsMappingoffunctionalsurfaces 物业规模街道规模社区规模 遥感或城市植被需水量功能区域规划 需水量估算不同用途供水 整体的 中小规模的绿色屋顶施肥和不施肥灌溉和不灌溉 绿色基础规划 单独设施 2 Greenroofs绿色屋顶 Intensive厚屋顶 Semi intensive中厚屋顶 Extensive薄屋顶 60 80mm 80 200mm 200mmormore Source http www greenroofguide co uk 3 DevelopingResilientGreenRoofsforAdelaide开发阿德莱德具有回复能力的绿色屋顶 June2011 June2012 Dec2011 Feb2014 Oct2012 Oct2013 4 Site1 ANZHouserooflayout场地1 ANZ大楼屋顶布置 2Intensive 4 5m 3 0m 300mm2个厚屋顶2extensive 4 5m 3 0m 100mm2个薄屋顶and2controlroofs 54m2 2个控制屋顶 AsphaltRoof AluminiumRoof GR1 GR2 GR3 GR4 5 NativeAustralianplants澳大利亚本地植物1 Carpobrotusrossii2 Lomandralongifolia Tanika 3 Dianellacaerula Breeze 4 Myoporumparvifofium 2Depths 100and300mm Length 4 5m Width 3 0m DripIrrigationsystems Rootbarrier Drainagelayer Insulationlayer 1 Whataretheeffectsofintensiveandextensivegreenroofsystemsonstormwaterqualityandwhatarethepossiblereuseoptionsfortheoutflowwaterfromgreenroofsystem 6 Samplingevents降雨量 7 厚屋顶水样 薄屋顶水样 铝板屋顶水样 8 ResultsforExperiment1实验1结果 Generally extensiveroofsperformedbetterthanintensivesystems厚屋顶效果较薄屋顶好Manyofthepollutantsdetectedinexperiment1werelargelysourcedfromtheappliedfertilizer leachingofthesubstrateconstituentsandalsocomplementarysummerirrigationwithmunicipalwater在实验1中检出的许多污染物主要来源于施肥 从介质层渗出 部分来源于夏季市政灌溉用水Intermsofthepotentialforrecyclingofoutflowwaterfromgreenroofs currentstandardsindicatethatsuchwatercanbereusedforurbanlandscapeirrigationandfornon potablepurposessuchastoiletflushing绿色屋顶净化后的水可以用于灌溉用水和冲洗厕所 9 Exp2 MawsonLakesCampus medium scale 场地2 案例2 Mawson湖校区 中等规模 Howaretheplantgrowthandsurvivalratesingreenroofsaffectedbymediadepth growingmediatypeandirrigationscenarios 介质厚度 类型和灌溉方案如何影响绿色屋顶的植物生长和存活率 Towhatextentcanintensiveandextensivegreenroofspotentiallymitigateurbanheatislandeffects andhowcandifferentscenariosofaddinggreenroofstoatypicalAdelaideurbanenvironmentreduceurbantemperatures 薄屋顶和厚屋顶减轻城市热岛效应到什么程度 什么样的绿色屋顶组合可以降低阿德莱德市的温度 Whatisthehydrologicalbehaviourofextensiveandintensivegreenroofsinadryclimate 在干燥的气候中 薄屋顶和厚屋顶的水文特性是怎样呢 10 CRBmethod 2Scenariosofwatering完全随机分区方法 2种浇灌方案 11 100 100 87 5 50 50 75 100 75 Plantheightandsurvival株高与存活天数 Uni variateTwo wayANOVAeffectofwateringregimeandgrowingmedia 单变量双向方差分析灌溉和生长介质的影响 12 Plantsucculenceandsurvival植物肉质量与存活天数 CAM CrassulaceanAcidMetabolism Highwateruseefficiency C3plants 13 Monitoredrainfallevents监测的降雨事件 226rainfalleventswererecorded16significantevents记录到226场降雨 其中有16场大的降雨 14 Greenroofhydrology绿色屋顶水文 1 Theaverageretentionwas74 fromextensiveand89 fromintensiveroofs薄屋顶和厚屋顶的之流能力分别是74 和89 2 Anaverageattenuationtimeofalmost3hourswasobservedinextensiveroofsandthecorrespondingattenuationwasupto17hoursinintensiveroofsbode薄屋顶滞留时间约3h 厚屋顶滞留时间高达17h 40 peakreduction 15 Exp3 small scale 场地2 案例3 小规模 3 WhataretheeffectsoffourelementsofgreenroofsnamelySlope Depth MediaandSpeciesandtheirpossibleinteractionsintermsofplantgrowthresponsesinadryclimateandwhatcombinationofSlope Depth MediaandSpeciesproducetheoptimumperformance 干燥的气候下绿色屋顶的坡度 深度 介质 物种和它们的相互作用的影响如何 什么样组合可以产生最佳性能 4 Whatisthestormwaterqualityandquantityoftheoutflowfromnon fertilised lowcost small scalegreenroofsystemsandwhataretheeffectsofvegetationonstormwaterqualityandquantity 从非施肥 低成本 小规模的绿色屋顶暴雨径流水质和径流量如何 暴雨径流水质和径流量对植被的影响怎样 16 Experimentaldesign split splitplots 实验设计 分体式图 DependentvariablesPlantspecies 3levelsSlope 2levels 1 25 Depth 2levelsMediatype 3levelsTotally 2 2 3 3 36configurations IndependentvariablesWaterqualityWaterquantity retentionPlantperformance PR platformrows PC platformcolumns Area area P platforms S slope Pl plots M growingmedia D depth andSP species 17 ExperimentalconditionatthestartofthestudyandFinalexperimentalconditionafterayearofmonitoring A 研究开始时的实验状况 B 监测一年后的实验状况 18 P3 DisphymacrassifoliumRound leavedPigface P1 BrachyscomemultifidaCut leavedDaisy RockyDaisyandHawkesburyDaisy P2 ChrysocephalumapiculatumEverlasting Vegetated Non Vegetated Vegetated 52 to95 Non Vegetated 31 to65 Waterquantityandquality水量与水质 VegetatedsystemsactedasapollutantsinkNofertilizerswereaddedandrecordednutrientlevelswerelowerthaninANZproject 20 PresentationOverview主要内容 SingleSystems IntegratedSystems综合设施 UrbanVegetationWaterRequirements城市植被需水量 MappingofGI Full medium andsmall scalegreenroofsFertilisedandunfertilisedIrrigatedandnon irrigated PropertyscaleStreetscalePrecinctscale WaterdemandestimationFit for purposewatersupply RemotesensingorurbanvegetationwaterrequirementsMappingoffunctionalsurfaces 物业规模街道规模社区规模 遥感或城市植被需水量功能区域规划 需水量估算不同用途供水 整体的 中小规模的绿色屋顶施肥和不施肥灌溉和不灌溉 绿色基础规划 单独设施 21 Integratedgreeninfrastructuresystemsatthepropertyscale物业规模的绿色基础设施 Totalmaterialscost 2 200percarspace每个车位造价2000澳元 22 Couplingpermeablepavementreusesystemwitharainwatergarden透水铺装与雨水花园联合体 23 Solarpumpactivatedbysoilmoisturesensors土壤湿度传感器 太阳能泵 24 Integratedsystematthepropertyscale物业规模的绿色基础设施 Integratedsystematthestreetscale街道规模综合设施 T Lucke S Beecham Optimisingpermeablepavementswithunderlyingreservoirstoenhanceurbantreeperformance ARCLinkageGrantLP120200678 2012 2015 S Beecham P Howlett L White J Boland Y Stokes Pavingtheway anexperimentalapproachtothemathematicalmodellinganddesignofpermeablepavements ARCLinkageGrantLP110100222 2011 2014 J vanLeeuwen D Chittleborough S Beecham E Bestland J Cox M Drikas C Chow R Smernik Impactofnaturalorganicmatterandnutrientsonwaterquality identificationofcatchmentsourcesandattenuationprocesses ARCLinkageGrantLP110200208 2011 2014 26 existinggrass linedopenchannel existingwetland new40 spacecarparkwithpermeablepaving newEcoCentrebuildings Integratedsystemattheprecinctscale社区规模的综合设施 PresentationOverview主要内容 SingleSystems IntegratedSystems综合设施 UrbanVegetationWaterRequirements城市植被需水量 MappingofGI Full medium andsmall scalegreenroofsFertilisedandunfertilisedIrrigatedandnon irrigated PropertyscaleStreetscalePrecinctscale WaterdemandestimationFit for purposewatersupply RemotesensingorurbanvegetationwaterrequirementsMappingoffunctionalsurfaces 物业规模街道规模社区规模 遥感或城市植被需水量功能区域规划 需水量估算不同用途供水 整体的 中小规模的绿色屋顶施肥和不施肥灌溉和不灌溉 绿色基础规划 单独设施 35 Researchonwaterrequirementsofagriculturalcropsiswellestablished有许多农业作物需水量的研究Littleresearchhasbeenconductedonthisaspectforurbangreenspacemixedplantings城市绿地混合种植的研究较少Suchcomplicatedenvironmentsmakemeasuringwaterdemandofurbanlandscapesdifficult城市景观水需求量难以测量 Waterrequirementsforurbanvegetation城市植被水需求 PARK21 Experimentalsite实验场地 37 Drainageandsoilmoisturemeasurement排水与土壤湿度监测 38 Outcomes结果 Outcomeswillcontributetothetheoreticalandmethodologicaldevelopmentofwaterbalancesandconsequentlysustainableirrigationmanagementforurbangreenspaces实验结果将有助于水平衡的理论和方法的研究 从而有助于城市绿地可持续灌溉管理 39 PresentationOverview主要内容 SingleSystems IntegratedSystems综合设施 UrbanVegetationWaterRequirements城市植被需水量 MappingofGI Full medium andsmall scalegreenroofsFertilisedandunfertilisedIrrigatedandnon irrigated PropertyscaleStreetscalePrecinctscale WaterdemandestimationFit for purposewatersupply RemotesensingorurbanvegetationwaterrequirementsMappingoffunctionalsurfaces 物业规模街道规模社区规模 遥感或城市植被需水量功能区域规划 需水量估算不同用途供水 整体的 中小规模的绿色屋顶施肥和不施肥灌溉和不灌溉 绿色基础规划 单独设施 40 MappedFunctionsNativeBirdHabitatWaterRecreationCommunityGardensOutsideSocialEventsFloodMitigation TwoFunctions e g NativeBirdHabitat SocialEventsNotallpinkarethesetwofunctions Mappingofgreeninfrastructure绿色基础设施规划 两个功能 本地鸟类栖息地和社会活动 不是所有的粉红色地块都具有这两个功能 规划的功能本地鸟类栖息地水上娱乐社区花园户外活动减轻洪水 Mappingfunctionalsurfaces功能区域规划 WorldView2 0 46m FalseColourNearIR DataSourcesMultiscaleLandUseLandCovere g turf trees shrubs pavements waterbodiesGIS SatelliteDataEcologicale g birdhabitatDataModelsBenefitsEconomicSocialEnvironmentalNetworkConnectivityInterconnectednessFragmentation RapidEye 5m FalseColourNearIR GreenInfrastructuredescribesthenetworkofgreenspacesandwatersystemsthatdelivermultipleenvironmental economicandsocialvaluesandbenefitstourbansettlements 1 Climatechangeadaptationandmitigation2 Floodalleviationandwatermanagement3 Qualityofplace4 Healthandwell being5 Landandpropertyvalues6 Economicgrowthandinvestment7 Labourproductivity8 Tourism9 Recreationandleisure10 Landandbiodiversi