研究生英语写作

1 Lecture02 EnglishWriting InstructorZhengLi郑莉MobilePhoneilyzheng712 OfficePlace Rm 310 Building7C EastCampus 2 Overview Inthislecture youwilllearn PossibilitiesforStartingtheExpositoryEssays andHowtowritetheconclusion 3 Preview Whatisexposition Expositioniswritingthatexplainsorgivesinformation PatternsofExpositionCharacteristicsofanExpositoryEssayIntroductionandthesisstatement 4 PossibilitiesforStartingtheExpositoryEssays AnecdotePersonalExperienceDescriptionQuestionQuotationAnalogyDefinitionShockingStatementBackgroundInformation 5 Anecdote Whilesittingbytheconcretefountaininthemall Inoticedapudgymaninared and yellowT shirt Itwasn thisprotrudingbellythatcaughtmyattention Iwasdrawntothemessageonthefrontofhisshirt AbovehissaggingwaistlinewasamapofJapanwithtwostarsonitandabovethemap theline TwoBombsWereNotEnough Whoknowswhatreasonshehadforwearingsuchaddisplayoftastelessness butitistypicalofallthoseoffensivelittlebumperstickersandT shirtmessagesthatassaultuseveryday Eachonemakesusalittlelessinventivetothenextassault Ourcultureisrevelinginanorgyofbadtaste andnooneseemstomind 6 PersonalExperience IcametotheUnitedStatesoneyearagoandIhadnoideaaboutlifeintheUnitedStatesandAmericantraditions exceptthatlifewascomplicatedandpeoplewerestrange AtthetimeIarrivedatJ F KennedyAirport IfeltveryhappybecauseIwasfondoftravelingaroundtheworld ComingtoAmericahadbeenoneofmydreams Afewminuteslater however Ifeltafraid IaskedmyselfwhyIhadcometothisstrangeworldandwhatIwasdoinghere IrememberedwhatmyfriendsathomesaidaboutAmericanstreatingstrangers AfterIattendedcollege however IdiscoveredtheoppositeofwhatIhadexpected Americansarefriendlytostrangers 7 Description Shedoesnotgooutofherwayformostpeople shealmostnevergivesaparty sherarelyinvitespeopletodinner sheseldomcallsanyoneonthephone Mostpeopletendtoboreher Issheanunhappy maladjustedrecluse Quitetothecontrary peopleareattractedtoherbecausesheiswelladjusted IadmiremyfriendAnneLeebecausesheisself assuredanddiscriminating 8 Question Doyouseetheglasshalf fullratherthanhalfempty Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut notuponthehole Suddenlytheseclich sarescientificquestions asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking 9 Quotation Aboutoneofman sfrailtiesThomasWolfewrote hetalksofthefutureandhewastesitasitcomes ThisobservationisrelatedtoaprinciplebywhichItry withoutalwayssucceeding tolive Ibelievelivinginthepresentbecauseitisfutiletodwellonthepast toworryaboutthefuture tomissanythingintheonlyrealityIknow 10 Analogy Everybodysweats includingme RichardSimmons RonaldReaganandprobablyyou too JustwhatdoIsweatover Isweatovertests overartcritiques oversillythingslikemycar friends family IsweatwhenIexercise andalwayswhenIwrite Justthementionofwritinginvariablymakesmesweatbecauseitremindsmeofexercising Writing exercising sweating they reallthesameinmylittlebookoflife 11 Definition Threepassions simplebutoverwhelminglystrong havegovernedmylife thelongingforlove thesearchforknowledge andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind Thesepassion likegreatwinds haveblownmehitherandthither inawaywardcourse overadeepoceanofanguish reachingtothevergeofdespair 12 ShockingStatement Formanypeopletoday readingisnolongerrelaxation Tokeepupwiththeirworktheymustreadletters reports tradepublications interofficecommunications anever endingfloodofwords Ingettingajoboradvancinginone theabilitytoreadandcomprehendquicklycanmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure Yettheimportantfactisthatmostofusarepoorreaders 13 BackgroundInformation Eachfallanewcropoffirst yearcollegestudents waveringbetweenhighhopesforthefutureandintenseanxietyabouttheirnewstatus scancollegemapssearchingfortheirclassrooms Theyhavebeentoldrepeatedlythatcollegeisthekeytoawell payingjob andtheycertainlydon twanttosupportthemselvesbyflippinghamburgersorworkingatsomedead endjob So notebooksattheready theyawaitwhatacollegehasinstore Unfortunatelymanyofthem indeedoverthirtypercent willnotreturnafterthefirstyear Whydosomanystudentsleave Thereareseveralreasons Somefindtheacademicprogramtoohard somelacktheproperstudyhabitsormotivation othersfallvictimtothetemptationsofthecollegeenvironment andalargegroupleaveforpersonalreasons 14 Conclusion FormsofWritingtheFinalCommentRestatementSummaryRestatementandSummaryFinalEvaluationoftheSubjectPredictionoftheFutureWarningThatAlertstheReaderWittyRemarkThatImpressestheReaderStatementoftheEssay sBroaderImplications 15 Restatement Thesis Friendshipisbothasourceofpleasureandacomponentofgoodhealth Restatement Circumstancesandpeopleareconstantlychanging Somefriendshipslastforever othersdonot Nevertheless friendshipisanessentialingredientinthemakingofahealthyandrewardinglife 16 Summary Thesis Althoughthereisaperiodofabout200yearsbetweenthetwomusicgiants theyaresimilarincertainways Summary ThenamesofBeethovenandLenonareinscribedonthemonumenttothehistoryofmusic Theywillalwaysberememberedfortheiruniquestyles greatproductivity andindomitablepersonalities 17 RestatementandSummary Thesis Soapoperashavegainedtremendouspopularitybycreatingamoredesirablelifestyleformodernviewers RestatementandSummary Soapoperasarepopularnotbecausetheyaremindlessdrivelformulatedtodistractusfromourdailychores butbecausetheypresentlifeasmanyofuswantittobe fast paced glamorous andfullofexcitingcharacters 18 FinalEvaluationoftheSubject Therenewedenthusiasmingraduatestudiesiscausedbythewishforabetterlife thepressureofchallengeandthedrivetoaccomplishone sgoal Itisshapedbysociety butinturn italsohelpstoshapeandbenefitsociety 19 PredictionoftheFuture Thegreatadvantagetoshorterworkweekisthatworkershavemoretimeofftothemselvesandtheirfamilies However consideringthefinancialdemandsuponAmericanfamiliesinthefuture itmayalsobecomecommonforworkerstoholddowntotwofull timejobsatonetime GiventheAmericanworksethic mostworkerswillprobablyfilltheirfreetimewithmoreworkinsteadofmoreleisure 20 WarningThatAlertstheReader Finally whenweuseaeuphemism weshouldbeawarethatwearetryingtomakeanideamoreacceptable Attimes thismaybepreferable butlet snotforgetthateuphemismscamouflagereality Afterall coloringthetruth isstilllying 21 WittyRemarkThatImpressestheReader Manyofustendtouselongwordstospeakourminds Iftheysayjustwhatwewant thatisokay However ifbigwordsmakethewaydarkforthosewhohearwhatwesayandreadwhatwewrite wemightaswellusesmallwords Likefastfriends theywon tletusdown 22 StatementoftheEssay sBroaderImplications Inconclusion althoughthetwentiethcenturyhasindeedgivenusalotofadvantagesbymakingusricher healthierandfreertoenjoyourlives ithasnotmadeuswiser ThetwentiethcenturyhasmadeourEarthdirtier ourpeoplelesshumane andourspirituallivespoorer Weshouldcontinuetoenjoythebenefitsoftechnologicaladvancementsbecausetheyhavegivenusfreedomtopursueourinterestsandgoals However wemustmakeaconcertedefforttopreserveournaturalenvironmentforfuturegenerations Moreover weshouldtakethetimenowtomakeourlivesmoremeaningfulinanincreasinglyimpersonalandmechanizedsociety 23 TipsonWritingtheConcludingParagraph Startwithanarrowstatementtoconnecttheconcludingparagraphwiththepreviousone Avoidbringinginanynewtopic Maintainthesametoneasintherestoftheessay Don tapologizethatyoucan tofferprofoundanalysis Endtheessaybrieflyandnaturally 24 Comparethetwopairofconcludingparagraphs Whichonesaremoreeffectiveandwhy Sciencefictionmoviesarecreatorsofhumanemotion Theyofferpeopleenoughroomtosetfreetheirimaginationandcreativity Insciencefictionmovies peoplegetwhattheycan tgetbuthopetogain Theyaretotallyfree sotheycanenjoythemselves Sciencefictionmoviesarecreatorsofhumanemotion Theyfulfillthedreamofgettingwhatpeoplecan tgetbuthopetogetinreallife Moreimportant sciencefictionoffersvastroomtosetfreetheirimagination