同位语从句重难点解析及习题

同位语从句一、 同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。二、 同位语从句点拨（1） 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2） 同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3） 分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4） 后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1） 所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。（定语从句） The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all. 她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。（同位语从句） （2） 在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。 如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。（同位语从句） The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。（定语从句）（3） 所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 （4） wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如；I have no idea where the meeting will be held.（同位语从句）He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.（定语从句）四、 相关练习(1)There is no obvious evidence_there is life on any other planet in the solar system.A.which B.that C.how D.where解析：选B没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位语从句不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。(2)My friend showed me round the town,_was very kind of him.A.which B.that C.where D.it解析：选A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇，他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以用which引导，先行词是前面的整个句子。That不能引导非限制性定语从句；where引导定语从句在从句中作状语；it不能引导从句。(3)Many children,_parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom解析： 选B许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工，这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照顾。根据句子结构判断，逗号后面是定语从句，从句主语parents前缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导。Their和of them 不能引导定语从句；with whom 不能作定语。(4)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where(5)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what解析： 选D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定-婚姻，几乎完全寄托于运气。Leave在此是及物动词，表示“把留给某人决定”，所选项引导其宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以选连接代词what。As不引导名词性从句；that引导名词性从句不作成分；which表示选择意义，意为“哪一个”。1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D.it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce