英语国家概论

英语国家概论 姓名：刘笑 学号：13680515.What do you think are the characteristics of American political system? The U.S. system of government is, in the shortest possible terms, characterized by limits on power. No individual or group, elected or appointed, has absolute power and few individuals or groups can exercise any power at all without the consent of others. This is accomplished by constitutional limits on power, division of powers, checks and balances and the protection of civil liberties and individual rights.1.Constitutional Limits on PowerUnlike a dictatorship or other tyrannical form of government, the U.S. government cannot simply do as it pleases. The U.S. Constitution clearly spells out the powers of the government including its individual branches and the rights and powers reserved to the people. State constitutions further spell out the powers of the individual state. Both the U.S. Constitution and the various state constitutions are designed to be difficult to modify and in no case can any one branch of government modify a constitution by itself.2.Division of PowersAlthough the U.S. Constitution does not specifically mention the separation of powers, it was an accepted and hotly debated topic at the time of the Constitutions creation. To ensure that no one branch of government ever held too much power, the various powers of government were divided between the branches of government, the states and the people. The states also have similar separations of the powers of branches of government and the people as well as granting certain powers to local government.3.Checks and BalancesIn addition to limiting and dividing the powers of government, the U.S. Constitution and the various state constitutions provide a system of checks and balances. The purpose of these is to prevent any branch of government from exercising power independently. For example, for the U.S. federal government to pass a law it must pass both houses of Congress and be signed by the president. The Supreme Court can then overturn that law if the Court finds it to be unconstitutional.4.Civil RightsIn addition to limiting, dividing and providing checks and balances on the powers of government, the U.S. Bill of Rights places restrictions on the government. The Bill of Rights protects certain rights of individuals and any law or exercise in government power that contravenes those rights can be thrown out or reversed by the courts. Among the rights protected are freedom of speech, religion and assembly. This ensures that even if all branches of government are working together certain liberties remain protected.DoyouthinkpoliticalsystemofChinashouldhaveitsown characteristics? Yes,I do. I think politicalsystemofchinashouldhaveitsowncharacteristics. During the more than half a century which the Communist Party of China has been in power, it has stuck perseveringly and vigorously to the pursuit of its long-term objective. That objective is, in a few words, to successfully materialize socialism and ultimately communism in China. During the 20 years that we have been engaged in this arduous economic reform, our political system has been improving through persistent exploration and innovation, The system of the Peoples Congress at the level of the county, the province, and the nation has been much improved. In spite of the progress in the Chinese political system,with the improvement of peoples living standards and educational level, the progress in mass media and information communication, and the closer exchanges and integration between China and other parts of the world, Chinese people, especially the younger generation, are more and more attracted by participatory democracy. The further promotion of the reform of the Chinese political system is still a crucial and pressing mission facing the CPC and Chinese people. We can ex