小升初-祈使句精讲及练习

小升初：祈使句精讲及练习（含答案）3一、祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。请求） Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。劝告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） No parking. （禁止停车。禁止） 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯你去告诉他。）二、相关口令 祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加dont否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。三、表现形式 （一）肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。 如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。 如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。（二）否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:(1)“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”(2)“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。 如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟 !No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!四、let带头的祈使句 由let带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种： 1. 表示“建议”。 这个句型里的let后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如： (1) Let me try. (2) Lets do it. (3) Let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b: (4) a. Dont disturb him. b. Lets not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。 2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： (5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. （让robert接管市场部。）(6) Let her join our choir. （让她加入我们的合唱团。）3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如： (7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time. 五、用let的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： （一）、let 的否定句有两种。如果宾语是第三人称用Dont let.（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用Let.not （见例(10)）： (9) Dont let this type of things happen again. (10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. （二）、Let只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： (11) Let the man be sent to prison. (12) Let all the excellent staff be promoted. （三）、Let后头除了是不带to的不定式动词之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone (13) Let the man out. (14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please. （四）、用Lets时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用Let us时，并不包括对方，如： (17) Lets try it, shall we? (18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(17)里的shall we和(18)里的will you，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句练习一1. The TV is too loud. Please_. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it2. _ late again, Bill! A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not3. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont4. Please help me carry it, _? A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we5. Dont make so much noise, _? A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you6. Do you know the girl _under the tree? A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood7. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing8. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell9. Ive kept the dog _Maomao for a long time. A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name10. Dont you know that _ is good for our health? A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 祈使句练习二I.将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Come here early. . 2. Ask him. . 3. Please wait for her. Please dont wait for her 4. Read the book carefully. Dont read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. Dont sit under the tree,please. 6. Lets go there together. Lett not go there together.II.选择最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, _ a rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had2. _ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do letB. let do C. Doing letD. To do let3. He is not honest. _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. To not D. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we5. Never come late again, _? A. will you B. wontC. do youD. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train. A. Getting B. Get C. To getD. Got7. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont playD. Dont to play8. Please _ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lendingC. to lendD. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please _ seated. A. be B. are C. isD. being10. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. KeptIII. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _read_ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.VI. 选择填空 ( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No ( )2. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read ( )6. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry about C Not worry for D Dont worry with ( )7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to ( )8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont ( ) 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )10.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B dont C arent D cant ( )11. Why dont you join us in the game?(考察why dont you =?) A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ( ) 12 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang. A Lets B Let me C Letus D Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,_? A does he B will he C do you D will you ( )14. Lets do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do youV.将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。 _. 2. 让我们去学校吧! _! 3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! _! 4. 不要把书放这儿。 _. 5. 不要让猫进来。 _. 祈使句练习一答案：1-5 ABDBA 6-10 CADBB祈使句练习二答案：I.将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Dont come here early. 2. Dont ask him 3.Please dont wait for her 4. Dont read the book carefully. 5. Dont sit under the tree,please. 6. Lett not go there together. (注意lets否定是 lets not) II、选择最佳答案填空：1-5 AABAA 6-10 BCAAA解析：(是对动词的强调，记住在动词前加助动词）III. 用括号内所给动词的适