四级考试重点笔记.doc

大学英语四级考试写作辅导笔记六类作文行文思路1. 现象解释型 2. 问题解决型 3. 对比选择型4. 观点论证型 5. 记叙文 6. 应用文现象解释型写作模板-行文思路1Topic 首段（描述图表段） From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. As early as 图表中最早的时间，当时的数据. Then 一段时间 later, 图表中数据的变化/ And (However), by 图表中数据发生显著变化的时间，图表中数据的显著变化. 中间段（说明原因段） There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化. / Then why 产生该现象或变化. Firstly，原因一. 进一步说明原因一. Secondly，原因二. Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. ) 结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段） As to me/ As far as I am concerned, 我的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. For another/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.现象解释型写作模板-行文思路2Topic 首段（描述现象段） From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. 现象表现或变化（表现一、二/变化一、二.） The reason for this phenomenon are varied./ There are many different factors influencing该现象或其他情况/说清楚原因. 中间段（说明原因/影响段） Among these reasons/factors, 原因一 plays a critical role. /Undoubtedly, 该现象 have brought great (negative) effect on 影响对象. 进一步说明原因一/影响一. Secondly，原因二/影响二. In addition, 原因三/影响三. 结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段） No doubt/From my point of view, 对该现象做出总体评价 . However,可能存在的问题./ it is worth noting that应该注意的事项. 进一步描述问题或注意事项. All in all/Therefore, 总结全文.问题解决型写作模板-行文思路Topic 首段（描述问题段） Nowadays/recently/In recent years, 问题 is becoming more and more of a problem/has become quite a serious problem in /has aroused widespread attention/concern from.问题表现一/原因一/危害性一Whats worse/In addition,问题表现二/原因二/危害性二 中间段（说明危害/原因段） It is very clear that 该问题 is bringing great harm to 危害对象 /There are many factors resulting in 该问题 / Above all, 危害一/Among these原因一 plays a vital role. 进一步说明危害/原因一. Whats more，危害二/原因二. 结尾段（说明方法段） Considering the seriousness of该问题, it is an urgent thing for us to take effective measures to 解决该问题. First of all 方法一.进一步阐述方法一/Secondly,方法二. Thirdly/In addition,方法三. Only through these ways, can the problem be solved./To conclude, it is everyones responsibility to take effort to solve the problem.对比选择型写作模板-行文思路1Topic首段（提出观点段） When it comes to 谈论主题, there is no complete agreement among people/different people will offer different Some people take it for granted/believe一种观点/选择However, others maintain /prefer 另一种观点 /选择. 中间段（对比论证段） Those people who hold the first opinion/make the former choice believe 观点/选择一的理由一. (In addition,) in their eyes, they maintain/point out 观点/选择一的理由二. However, still others think differently/ do not agree this. In their opinions, 观点/选择二的理由一. Besides, they argue 观点/选择二的理由二. 结尾段（总结观点段） Weighing up these two argument/choices/preferences, I prefer/am inclined to the former/the latter one/我的选择. For one thing,理由一. For another/Whats more,理由二. Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/ I may reasonably conclude/suggest 重申观点. / In a word, 提出建议.对比选择型写作模板-行文思路2Topic首段（提出观点段） Nowadays/In recent years, 一种现象. Some people 一些人的看法或做法,while others, 另一些人地看法或做法. As to me, I prefer to/ am in favor of the former/latter.中间段（反面论证段） Of course, 我不赞同观点的合理性. For example, 支持其合理性的例./进一步阐述其合理性. But it doesnt mean/it is worth noting that 我 不赞同观点的不足. From my point of view/In my view, 我的不同观点.结尾段（正面论证段） The following reasons can account for/contribute to/support my argument. First,理由一. A good example to illustrate,支持理由一的例子/进一步说明理由一. Second, 理由二. To conclude/From the foregoing,重申观点. 观点论证型写作模板-行文思路Topic首段（提出观点段） Nowadays still many people believe/For years many people have such thought that 与论点冲突的背景观点或现象.进一步说明背景观点或现象. However, 论点. The following reasons can support the argument. 中间段（说明危害/原因段） Undoubtedly, 论据一. 进一步说明论据一. Furthermore/Moreover,论据二. For example，支持论据二的事例/进一步说明论据二. In addition/ Whats more, 论据三. 结尾段（总结观点段） All mentioned above tell that 重申观点. 进一步阐述论点. Therefore, we should 正确态度或做法. 记叙文写作模板-行文思路1Topic首段（描述背景段） 背景事件 will come soon, 事件的重要性或意义.There is no more appropriate time than this for 相关人员的态度或行动.So on this special occasion, 我的愿望或打算. 中间段（叙述经过段） Now I still remember clearly 主题事件. Firstly，原因一. 进一步说明原因一. Secondly，原因二. Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. )结尾段（阐述观点段） As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. For another/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.）记叙文写作模板-行文思路2Topic首段（描述背景段） 简要介绍事件发生的时间, I witnessed总述目击事件. 事件给人印之处, which is still vivid in my mind./该事件was so 事件的突出特点that I was left a deep impression.中间段（叙述经过段） It was/happened 事件开始时间，when 当时的情形. ( Suddenly, ) 事件的发展一. 事件的发展二. 事件的发展三. As a result, 事件的最终结果或影响.结尾段（阐述观点段） 总述该事件带来的影响/事件产生的原因.For one thing, 影响一/原因一/措施一. 进一步说明影响一/原因一/措施一. For another, 影响二/原因二/措施二. Therefore, 总结全文（提出建议或作出期望). Or Such an incident teaches us an important moral, that is “我的感受或得到的启示. 感受一/行动一. Furthermore,感受二/行动二. In conclusion,I do believe that 总结全文。应用文写作模板-格式及模式Topic DateDear_, Para 1 (13 Ss) 表明写信的目的及意图. Para 2 (4-8 Ss) 写信的具体内容， 比如原因、道歉、申请、自我介绍、等等. Para 3 （9-12 Ss) 表达感谢、期待对方回信、表达祝愿等等. Sincerely yours Signature四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式1表示原因1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 2表示好处1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us 4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible for sbto do sth) 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 5表示措施1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with 6表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education 7表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 8表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3）There is a striking contrast between them 9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January10. 表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 2）People have different opinions on this problem 3）People take different views of（on）the question 4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that11表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 12套语 1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way大学英语四级考试作文常用句型A. 开头 1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: _. 2、_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3、Recently, _has been brought to such popular attention that _ (e.g. Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda)4. No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that. 或： Everyone would agree that. B 结尾 1. Only in this way/Only when/Only through, will/can we或：It is only if/whenthat we will 2. As long aswe will be able to/the problem is bound to 3. With a constant/steady improvement in (或With the gradual worsening of) sth. will 4. In a word, there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.in time to come. C. 中间 1建议和解决方法 1). A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that _. Others argue that _. 2). But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _. For instance, _. Worst of all, _. 3). My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally 4). If we let the situation go as it is, . By that time, . 2.It 结构 1) It is advisable to 2) It is necessary that 3) It is certain that . 4) It is well known that . 5) It seemed to me that. 6) It pays in the long run （从长远的角度看）to 3.动名词或分词结构 1）Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young persons health. 2）The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience. 4.递进式结构 1）Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的);furthermore，theyre cheaper than frozen ones. 2）Helping others will not only bring joy into other peoples lives，but also added happiness into our own. 5.表示重要性或必要性 1）Its important/necessary/to do/that.6.表示目的 1）The purpose of sth. is to do 2）in order to/not to 7.表示结果 1）Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health. result in 8.表示对比和比较 1）morethan 2）Rather than. 3）The more，the more 9.表示条件或假设的结构 1）Without the distraction of TV，they migh