37篇短文改错.doc

模拟1We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _1that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _2with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computershow to buildthem, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _3them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _4computer, you dont have faintest idea. _5The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _6creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _7technology. Lots of people dont differ between the two. Science is the production of _8new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _9Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology, its not necessarily harmful. No society has yet earned to forecast the consequences _10 of new technology, which can be enormous. 模拟2About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk _1pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. _2The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children _3within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their _4families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by _5the United Nations Childrens Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. _6The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of _7maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of _8pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the _9mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart._10模拟3Home, sweet home is a phrase that expresses an essential attitudein the United States. Whether the reality of life in the familyhouse is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1._importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of theAmerican West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for ones S2._family, and started a farm. These small households were portraits of S3._ independence: the entire family-mother, father, children, evengrandparentslive in a small house and working together to support S4._each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5._cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live onfarms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth S6._century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, for S7._ example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there S8._was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it S9._satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of S10._their way of life. 模拟4Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic. While experience taught him this was impossible, _1he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in _21000 B.C. there were weather seers in Babylon-and priests clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted _3the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used _4methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual _5factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals _6were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were _7predictions based on vegetation:Onions skin very thin ,mild weather coming in. Onions skin thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough. _8Insects and animals were also favorite weather clues: Before the glowworm lights his _9lamp, then the air is always damp.If spiders their cobwebs forsake, the weather will for certain break . If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, _10rain and cold were due. Its difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : Hark , I hear the asses bray. Me thinks well have some rain today .模拟5It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain _1Britannia and the United States Columbia, and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our _2_personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed _3_ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be _4_ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually _5_ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United _6States was known for Brother Jonathan. Jonathan was a biblical _7name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophistcated, and since _8_Americans considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to _9_ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible,however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would _10_often say, when faced with a hard problem, Let us consult Brother Jonathan, referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.模拟6Middle age has its compensations. Youth is bound hand and foot with the shackles of public opinion. Middle age enjoys freedom.I remember that when i left the school i said to myself: _1Hence forward. I can get up when i like and go to bed when i like. That of course was an exaggeration, and i soon found that whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to achieve it. But by the time you have reached middle age you discovered how _2much freedom it was worth to sacrifice in order to achieve any aim that _3you have on view. When i was a boy i was tortured by shyness, _4and middle age has to a great extent brought me a relief of this. I _5have now no such feeling and i save myself much discomfort. I always hated cold water, but for many years i bath in cold seas because _6i wanted to be like everybody. _7It was until quite late in life that i discovered how easy it was _8to say:i dont know. i find with middle age no one expects me to walk twenty-five miles, or to play a scratch game of golf, or to dive from a height of thirty feet. This is all to the good and makes life pleasant, but i should no longer care if they do. That is what makes _9youth unhappy, the vehement anxiety to be like other people, and that is what makes middle age intolerable, the reconciliation with oneself._10模拟7Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable; they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a _1fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimuli that _2produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not to be real: a _3mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of _4only one eye when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to _5eyes opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. _6In one study, when American four-year-old were asked to draw _7people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent _8of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, furthermore, where babies _9are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, _10Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. 模拟8Humankinds future safety and longevity of life on Earth largely depend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we _1breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making thisearth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozonelayer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet.Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, _2the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut down trees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries _3have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakes and swamps are spread with debris. _4Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant _5use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. _6Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that liveon their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused _7the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya.The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trends in variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin _8cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problemsin order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases _9that rise from the damage that pollution causes. _10模拟9 （比较难 知识点比较细）You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You _1are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next _2to your starts moving forward. _3For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurchedbackward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the bodyssensors and interpret what must be happening that your train _4might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now _5normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. _6Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt _7ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven _8million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to _9blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its “color” and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on _10average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.模拟10DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world had ever known,exposed natures vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effect- _1tiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDT is _2capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during the World War II, cleaning _3South Pacific islands of malaria-caused insects for U.S. troops, while _4in Europe being used as an effective delousing power. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize. _5When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second thoughts about this _6new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale,who warned, “A spray as discriminate as DDT can upset the economy _7of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things _8go out of kilter right away.” Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Readers Digest to propose an article about series of _9tests on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in Maryland. _10 模拟11Transport can be a major expense for many companies,especially when cars have to be provided for both managerial and sale staff. _1As a result, its important to keep a close eye at the many costs _2associated with company cars and how these different costs compare.The moment a new car is driven away from the showroom,its value will drop as much as 12 percent. This is what is _3known as depreciation and is the largest single cost to the buyer of a new vehicle. Depreciation is the highest in the _4first two years of a vehicles life: at the end of that period a car could be worth just the third of its brand new price. _5Although the rate of depreciation decreases as time goes by, it remains a major cost factor, as around 85 percent of company vehicles are brought brandly new. _6However, it is important to know that some cars depreciate much more than othersregardless of price. This is often _7to do with rarity and prestige value. The more common the car,the more quickly, in general, it loses value. Exported _8models, which are restricted in number, can hold their valuebetter than those are produced domestically and widely available. _9In the same way, depreciation on a new model of a particular make may be low for the first few years after their launch. _10This happened when diesel cars were first introduced. They depreciated more slowly when they were rarely seen; now that they are relatively common, this is no longer true.模拟12The growth of the worlds population and its pressure to resources _1threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes _2100,000 years of human existence for the world to reach its 1997 population of 5.85 billion people. The increase of 80 million people in 1996 alone is the equivalent of a new U.S population every 3.4years or new Canadian population every 138 days. The UN population Fund predicts that by the year 2050, the world population have _3exploded to 10 billion people. This would double in less than acentury the already bulging population who existed when it reached _45 billion in 1987. The chemicals we spew into the air also cause disease.For example, they attack the Earths ozone layer, which helps shield the Earth away the Suns deadly ultraviolet rays. It is well established _5that the ozone layer has thinned considerably during recent decades.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, _6melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 _7Americans to 3,650. This 213 percent increase means that 40,300 Americans diagnosed with melanoma in 1997 and 3,650 died of the _8disease. There are some scientists who believe that pollution is eventhreatening the ability of humans to produce. Chemicals which are _9used to make pesticides, plastic, and other products are finding their ways into the human food chain through fish and even through _10breast milk.模拟13Something has been happening to the concept of fiction,either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, _1this concept operated under common understood restrictions. _2It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain _3aspect of literature in generalthe element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, _4scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained _5a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of fiction has undergone an extension. Though still used to _6refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to _7be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is _8not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the message or world view conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind _9of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all _10meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that life and reality are themselves fictions.模拟14Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated from London to New York City when she was ten years old. One day, she decided that she wanted _1to be a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a womanin the middle of the nineteenth century. Before writing _2many letters seeking an admission to medical school, she _3was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. Therefore _4determined she was that she taught in school and gave _5music lessons to earn money for her tuition.In 1849,until graduating from medical school, she decided _6to farther her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, _7but a serious eye infection forced her