考研英语二-图表作文写作方法和模板--非常全-有作用

1 考研英语二 图表作文写作方法和模板 图表作文 一 第一节 图表作文的类型 图表作文可分为两大类 表作文和图作文 表作文 表格 Table 可以使大量数据系统化 便于阅读 比较 表格常由标题 Title 表头 Boxhead 表格的第一行 侧目 Stub 表格左边的第一列 和主体 Body 部分 表格的其余 部分 等部分组成 如下表 用表格表达的信息具体准确 而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列 阅读表格时要注 意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系 表格中各个项目的变化规律 例如 上面的表格中的 数字说明 和 1978 年相比 1983 年大学入学的人数在增加 而小学的入学人数在减少 搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容 图作文 图作文又可分为三种 圆形图作文 曲线图作文和条状图作文 1 圆形图作文 圆形图 Pie chart 也称为饼状图或圆面分割图 圆形图因为比较形象和直观 各部分 空间大小差别容易分辨 所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系 整个圆表示总 量 楔形块表示分量 有时圆形图还有数值表 两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确 清楚 例如 This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great 2 Britain As can be see from the chart the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food which accounts for 25 of its total expenditure The next two significant expending items are transport and housing which are 15 and 12 respectively If we take into account clothing and footwear which makes up 10 the four essentials of life that is food transport housing and clothing and footwear amount to 62 of the total expenditure 2 曲线图作文 曲线图 Line graph 也称为线性图或坐标图 曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的 发展过程和趋势 一般来说 曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义 曲 线图有横轴和纵轴 一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等 然后再看纵轴所显示的意义 同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化 例如 这个曲线图的横轴代表 1990 年的不同的月份 纵轴代表交通事故的数量 从交通事 故曲线图上可知 前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降 曲线图在八月份升到了最高点 39 此后一直呈下降的趋势 十二月份降到了最低点 16 可见 1990 年的交通事故的数量总 体上呈下降的趋势 3 条形图作文 条形图 Bar graph 也称为立柱图或圆柱图 条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表 不同的量 当要比较几个项目或量时 常用不同颜色来区分 条形图主要用来表示 1 同 一项目在不同时间的量 2 同一时间不同项目的量 阅读条形图时 要先看图例 再看横轴 纵横各代表什么量 每一个刻度所代表的值是多少 最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及 各长条间的相互关系 例如 左边的条形图的横轴代表时间 纵轴代表期望寿命 Life Expectancy 这一条形图想 3 要体现的是同一项目 期望寿命 在不同时间的量 右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间 纵 轴是代表婴儿的死亡率 Infant Mortality 这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目 婴儿的死 亡率 在不同时间的量 左边的条形图表明 1990 年的人均期望寿命比 1960 年的人均期望 寿命长 20 岁 而 1990 年的婴儿死亡率比 1960 年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50 第二节 图表作文的出题形式 例 1 题目 Changes in People s Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table Write three paragraphs to 1 state the changes in people s diet 饮食 in the past five years 2 give possible reasons for the changes 3 draw your own conclusions You should quote as few figures as possible 例 2 题目 Car Accidents Declining in Walton City Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline 1 Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph 2 Possible reason s for the decline of car accidents in the city 3 Your predictions of what will happen this year Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible 4 例 3 For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions given in Chinese 1 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命 life expectancy 和婴儿死亡率 infant mortality 的变化情况 2 说明引起变化的各种原因 从以上例子可见 图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格 圆 形图 曲线图或条形图 有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示 要求我们 1 用文字描述图表 客观解释图表中所传递的信息 并找出某种规律或趋势 2 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果 第三节 图表作文的写作要领 图表作文着重说明事实 常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明 分析 比较 对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明 并提出结论或看法 因此 图表作文常 常采用议论文体的写作方法 写好图表作文 关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息 把握各信息间的联系 用准 确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来 并就这一信息发表自己的看法 图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时 要注意遵循以下步骤 1 认真分析图表的含义 弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系 5 2 确定文章的主题思想 构思出文章的基本框架 筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型 数据 3 编列文章的提纲 4 根据文章的提纲 将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落 然后将各个段落组成文章 注意 段与段之间的衔接与过渡 5 检查与修改 图表作文的篇章结构 写图表作文时 常采用三段式的谋篇方式 文章的第一 段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势 概述 图表所揭示的信息 第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原 因 第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建 议 这一结构可以简单地表述为 第一段 概述图表反映的主题思想 第二段 分析产生的原因 第三段 展望未来或提出方法或建议 图表作文常用的句型 1 常用的开篇句型 即概述图表内容时常用的表达法 According to the table pie chart line graph bar graph we can see conclude that 根据该表 图 我们可知 The table graph reveals shows indicates illustrates represents points out that 该表 图表明 6 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line bar graph As is shown illustrated indicated in the pie chart 如表 图所示 2 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew rose from to An increase is shown in then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same drops to There was a very slight small slow gradual rise increase in 1990 There was a very steady marked sharp rapid sudden dramatic drop decrease decline fall reduction in 1998 compared with that of last year 下面是根据例 2 的题目要求写的范文 From the graph we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990 The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June From June on the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August After August the rate began to decline remarkably and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year Therefore it s obvious that car accident 7 in Walton city declined in 1990 主题句 概述表格反映的内容 5 反映交通事故的 变化情况 6 小结 总结表格数据反映的总趋势 There are several reasons for the decline First a new traffic law was made and came into force It provided that in summer every car must be air conditioned As a result the highest rate in August when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents dropped steadily Second new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened which quickened the flow of traffic Finally the city administration made great efforts to heighten people s awareness of observing traffic rules 主题句 原因 措施一 解释措施一 次要辅助 采取措施一后的结果 原因 措施二 原因 措施三 With all these new measures I m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year 总结 展望未来的情况 第四节 图表作文练习及其参考范文 下面是写作练习 在写作的过程中注意审题 考虑文章的结构 采用的扩展方法 开 头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等 练习 1 Directions For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People s Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table Write three paragraphs to 1 state the changes in people s diet 饮食 in the past five years 2 give possible reasons for the changes 8 3 draw your own conclusions You should quote as few figures as possible As is shown in the table there have been great changes in people s diet between 1986 and 1990 From the table we can find that grain formerly the main food of most Chinese people is now playing a less important role in people s diet And the same goes for fruit and vegetables On the other hand the consumption of high nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly What has caused these changes There are mainly three reasons 主题句 6 First people are much wealthier than before 7 With higher income they can afford to buy nutritious foods 8 Second people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health 9 Lack of certain amount of meat or milk for example will result in poor health 10 Finally owing to the economic reform meat and milk which were scarce in the past are produced in large quantities 11 Although milk and meat are important to one s health eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases 12 Therefore people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat but also enough grain fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health 图表作文 二 一 图表作文写作常识 1 图形种类及概述法 9 泛指一份数据图表 a data graph chart diagram illustration table 饼图 pie chart 直方图或柱形图 bar chart histogram 趋势曲线图 line chart curve diagram 表格图 table 流程图或过程图 flow chart sequence diagram 程序图 processing procedures diagram 2 常用的描述用法 The table chart diagram graph shows that According to the table chart diagram graph As is shown in the table chart diagram graph As can be seen from the table chart diagram graph figures figures statistics shows that It can be seen from the figures statistics We can see from the figures statistics It is clear from the figures statistics It is apparent from the figures statistics table chart diagram graph figures that table chart diagram graph shows describes illustrates how 3 图表中的数据 Data 具体表达法 数据 Data 在某一个时间段固定不变 fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变 changes over time 10 持续变化的 data 在不同情况下 增加 increase raise rise go up 减少 decrease grow down drop fall 波动 fluctuate rebound undulate wave 稳定 remain stable stabilize level off 最常用的两种表达法 动词 副词形式 Verb Adverb form 形容词 名词形式 Adjective Noun form 二 相关常用词组 1 主章开头 图表类型 table chart diagramgraph column chart pie graph 描述 show describe illustrate can be seen from clear apparent reveal represent 内容 figure statistic number percentage proportion 2 表示数据变化的单词或者词组 rapid rapidly 迅速的 飞快的 险峻的 dramatic dramatically 戏剧性的 生动的 significant significantly 有意义的 重大的 重要的 sharp sharply 锐利的 明显的 急剧的 steep steeply 急剧升降的 steady steadily 稳固的 坚定不移的 11 gradual gradually 渐进的 逐渐的 slow slowly 缓慢的 不活跃的 slight slightly 轻微的 略微地 stable stably 稳定的 3 其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow grew 增长 distribute 分布 区别 unequally 不相等地 in the case of adv 在 的情况下 in terms of in respect of regarding 在 方面 in contrast 相反 大不相同 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 measure n 尺寸 方法 措施 v 估量 调节 forecast n 先见 预见 v 预测 三 英语图表写作套句精选 1 the table shows the changes in the number of over the period from to 12 该表格描述了在 年之 年间 数量的变化 2 the bar chart illustrates that 该柱状图展示了 3 the graph provides some interesting data regarding 该图为我们提供了有关 有趣数据 4 the diagram shows that 该图向我们展示了 5 the pie graph depicts that 该圆形图揭示了 6 this is a cure graph which describes the trend of 这个曲线图描述了 的趋 势 7 the figures statistics show that 数据 字 表明 8 the tree diagram reveals how 该树型图向我们揭示了如何 9 the data statistics show that 该数据 字 可以这样理解 10 the data statistics figures lead us to the conclusion that 这些数据资料令我们得出结论 11 as is shown demonstrated exhibited in the diagram graph chart table 如 图所示 12 according to the chart figures 根据这些表 数字 13 as is shown in the table 如表格所示 14 as can be seen from the diagram great changes have taken place in 从图中可以看出 发生了巨大变化 15 from the table chart diagram figure we can see clearly that or it is clear apparent from the chart that 从图表我们可以很清楚 明显 看到 16 this is a graph which illustrates 这个图表向我们展示了 13 17 this table shows the changing proportion of a b from to 该表格描述了 年到 年间 a 与 b 的比例关系 18 the graph presented in a pie chart shows the general trend in 该图以圆形图形式描述了 总的趋势 19 this is a column chart showing 这是个柱型图 描述了 20 as can be seen from the graph the two curves show the fluctuation of 如图所示 两条曲线描述了 的波动情况 21 over the period from to the remained level 在 至 期间 基本不变 22 in the year between and 在 年到 期间 23 in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998 1995 年至 1998 三 年里 24 from then on from this time onwards 从那时起 25 the number of remained steady stable from month year to month year 月 年 至 月 年 的数量基本不变 26 the number sharply went up to 数字急剧上升至 27 the percentage of stayed the same between and 至 期间 的比率维持 不变 28 the figures peaked at in month year 的数目在 月 年 达到顶点 为 29 the percentage remained steady at 比率维持在 30 the percentage of is slightly larger smaller than that of 比例比 的比例略高 14 低 31 there is not a great deal of difference between and 与 的区别不大 32 the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of 该图表表明 的数目增长了三倍 33 decreased year by year while increased steadily 逐年减少 而 逐步上升 34 the situation reached a peak a high point at of 的情况 局势 到达顶 高 点 为 百分点 35 the figures situation bottomed out in 数字 情况 在 达到底部 36 the figures reached the bottom a low point hit a trough 数字 情况 达到底 部 低谷 37 a is times as much many as b a 是 b 的 倍 38 a increased by a 增长了 39 a increased to a 增长到 40 high low great small percentage 比低高 低 41 there is an upward trend in the number of 数字呈上升趋势 42 a considerable increase decrease occurred from to 到 发生急剧上 升 43 from to the rate of decrease slow down 从 到 下降速率减慢 44 from this year on there was a gradual declinel reduction in 15 the reaching a figure of 从这年起 逐渐下降至 45 be similar to 与 相似 46 be the same as 与 相同 47 there are a lot similarities differences between and 与 之间有许多相似 不同 之处 48 a has something in common with b a 于 b 有共同之处 49 the difference between a and b lies in a 与 b 之间的差别在于 50 year witnessed saw a sharp rise in 年 急剧上升 开头段转述题目常用句型 The line graph describes illustrates demonstrates summarizes outlines shows 后面跟名词或者从句 开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型 According to As shown in As can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型 It can be seen from 后面跟图表的类型 that It is manifest from 后面跟图表的类型 that 表示上升的动词 Go up went up rise rose grow grew increase increased ascend ascended 其中 rise 和 increase 也经常作名词 grow growth 表示急剧上升的动词 16 Jump jumped surge surged shoot up shot up soar soared 其中 surge 也可以 做名词 表示下降的动词 Decline fall drop sink dip decrease descend 其中 decline fall drop decrease 也经常 做名词 表示急剧下降的动词 Plummet plunge 表示速度快的形容词 Sharp dramatic drastic rapid precipitous steep 副词加 ly 表示幅度大的形容词 Marked substantial significant 副词加 ly 表示缓慢 逐渐的形容词 Gradual steady gentle slow 副词加 ly 表示小幅度的形容词 Modest moderate slight 副词加 ly 表示波动的动词 Fluctuate 不及物动词 名词 fluctuation 表示稳定在一个水平上的动词 Level off at level out at hover at stabilize at reached a plateau at 表示达到最高的动词 Peak at reach the highest point at peak 也可以做名词 17 表示达到最低的动词 Reach the bottom at the lowest point at bottom out at bottom 也可以做名词 表示经历了某种变化的及物动词 Experience witness see 表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组 Reach arrive at amount to hit register stand at 表示占 后面跟百分数或数字 的及物动词或词组 Account for represent constitute make up 表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组 A is composed of comprise is made up of consists of B C and D 注意和 include 区别 表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词 Project predict forecast 表示 分别 的副词 Respectively in the 2004 Olympics China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively 表示 大约 的副词或者词组 About around approximately roughly just over just under 图表作文 三 作文 1 18 DIRECTIONS A Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words B Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II C Your essay should cover these three points 1 effect of the country s growing human population on its wildlife 2 possible reason for the effect 3 your suggestion for wildlife protection 段落类型分析 第一段 第二段 第三段 图画 图表描述段 原因阐释段 建议措施段 参考范文一 From these graphs we can draw a conclusion that with the growth of human population the number of species has decreased rapidly in America and some species have even vanished from our planet There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here Above all as the human population grows rapidly a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living Then these species have to move to other places 19 Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die In addition although many people look on the wildlife as their friends some people may not think so They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money Consequently the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed The clear cutting has become increasingly serious So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct In order to protect the wildlife I have some suggestions First the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed Second the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it Third as for ourselves we should take practical actions to protect our living environment 210 words 参考范文二 The two charts show that the increase in the U S population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species Far too many species have been lost already This poses a danger to the ecological balance As the human population expands wild animals in mounting numbers are hunted for food or because they are thought to present a threat to man But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development This makes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in 20 harmony with other life forms In my opinion it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction But more importantly men must learn to stop polluting the environment or he himself will be extinct 167 words 参考范文三 As is seen from the two graphs it is clear that with the rapid growth of U S population from 1800 to 1990 the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period Naturally we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth Several reasons may account for this phenomenon To begin with as the population grows people consume much more natural resources Second with the increase of human activities modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species Finally the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or move to a totally different place but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive the changes Solving this problem calls for above all the government s efforts to control population growth to decrease industrial pollution and to enhance the laws to 21 forbid wildlife hunting Moreover common citizens should be aware of this ecological crisis and take on the responsibility of wildlife protection In a word only when the government and the common people make joint efforts can we hope to find a satisfactory solution to this problem 216 words 作文 2 图略 The line graph illustrates how the number of people using a London underground station fluctuates over the course of 16 hours 6am to 10pm As we can see from the graph at 6am the number of people at the station stands at only 100 The number shoots up over the next two hours peaking at 400 at 8am Then the number descends drastically for two hours bottoming out at 180 at 10am The period between 10o clock and 12o clock witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station with the number reaching 280 at midday Numbers in the following two hours stabilize at just under 300 people Then the number plummets to only 100 from 2pm to 4pm Then the next two hours see a dramatic rise again with 6pm registering 380 people After 6pm the number dips again reaching the lowest point of 130 at 8pm The period from 8pm to 10pm experiences a slight rise