基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水研究(last1016)

Sino DutchStudyProgramYRD EFSYellowRiverDeltaEnvironmentalFlowsProject中荷合作河口生态需水研究项目组王新功 基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水及评价研究StudyonEnvironmentalflowsanditsEvaluationBasedonEco HydrologyinYellowRiverDeltaWetlands 中荷合作项目Sino Dutchco operationproject Methodology 研究方法 Scenariosdesign 预案设计 Resultsanddiscussions 结果讨论 Maincontent 主要内容 Background 项目背景 1Background 项目背景 1530km2 Themapofyellowriverdeltanaturereserve 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区图 一千二管理站 黄河口管理站 大汶流管理站 Huanghekou Dawenliu Yiqianr 1530km2 鸟类迁徙路线MigrationroutesinEurasia ThecoreareaoftheYellowRiverDeltaNationalNaturalProtectionArea Estuaryecosystemdeteriorated 河口生态系统衰退 MOUChina NetherlandsonWaterManagement focusonYellowRiverYRDEnvironmentalFlowStudyimplementedbyYRCC leadingaconsortiumofChineseandNetherlandsexperts ContractsignedbetweenRoyalNetherlandsEmbassyandYRCC inthepresenceofPrinceWillemAlexanderoftheNetherlandson17October2005ZhengZhou October2007finished Sino Dutchcooperation Howtodefinereasonableprotectedobjectivesanditsprotectedscale 合理保护目标及规模界定 competitivesocietyforwaterWhatisthemechanismofenvironmentalflows 生态需水机理分析 Howtoknoworquantitytheecologicaleffectofdischargingwatertonatureecosystem 生态补水效益或效果分析 2Methodology 研究方法 Fig 2schematicdiagramofenvironmentalflowsstudy 黄河水资源 图2河口湿地生态需水及评价总体思路 LEDESS LandscapeEcologicalDecisionAndEvaluationSupportSystem 2Methodology 研究方法 scenarios VegetationSuccessionmodule Sitemodule Habitatmodule measures VegetationSuccession Habitatpattern 3 1RangeofwatercompensationTotalarea 236km2 3ScenariosDesign 预案设计 Consideredfactors wetlandimportance landuseactuality waterresources feasibility etc Thevegetationtypesofnaturereservein1992Theareaofreedwetlandsis285km2 3 2WaterrequirementRangeofRestorationWetlands 3ScenariosDesign 预案设计 A B C ScenariosDesign D E F Tab Theobjectivesofdifferentscenarios 4 1Choiceofindicatorspecies 4Resultsanddiscussions 预案评价 OrientalStorks 东方白鹳 thefirst classstateprotectionbirds In2003 startedbreedingintheYellowRoverDeltaFood fish batrachians lizardandinsectHabitat marshareawithsparsetrees RedCrowncrane 丹顶鹤 thefirst classstateprotectionbirds Food grass crop fish shrimp Crustacea Habitat reed farmlandandmudflat Sauder sgull 黑嘴鸥 rareendangeredrarebirds totalofthatallovertheworldisabout8000Food fish shrimp crustaceanandinsectHabitat wingedsea blitetidalflat Whistlingswan 小天鹅 thefirst classstateprotectionbirds Food crop fish molluskHabitat reed reservoirandotherwaterbody 4 2Habitatafter5years 五年后栖息地 4Resultsanddiscussions 结果讨论 Habitatafter5years 五年后栖息地 Habitatafter5years 五年后栖息地 InscenarioD EandF thesuitablehabitatareaofreedmarshandseabliteincreasednotably andsalinaareadecreasedcorrespondingly Afterwaterdischargedtowetland onenewhabitat waterbody pond comeintobeing AsforYRD largeareapondsformedbyscenarioEandFhaveimportantecologicalvaluesinsustainingwetlandwaterbalance Besides pondsareoptimalhabitatsformostswimmingfowllikeRedCrownCrane OrientalStorkandswans Syntheticallycompare theecologicaleffectsofscenarioEarelargerthanDandF 预案D E和F 芦苇沼泽与翅碱蓬面积均增加显著 同时盐碱地明显下降 补水后一种新的生境类型 水体产生 预案E优于D与 4 2Habitatafter5years 五年后栖息地 TheindicatorspeciesamountsincreasedalongwiththerestorationareaincreasedfromscenarioAtoscenarioC especiallyforOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan whosesuitablehabitatarereedmarsh 4 3Habitatcarryingcapacity 生态承载力 HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioA B C Forhabitatcarryingcapacity theincreasedindicatorspeciesamounts OrientalstorkandWhistlingswan ofScenarioCismorethantotalincreasedamountsofScenarioAandBalthoughtherestorationareaisequalwiththesummationAandB C A B Thenumbersofcranedonotchangemuchbecauseuseboththereedandmudflatsashabitat andwithincreasingreedhabitatthereisadecreaseofmudflat increasedspeciesofscenarioA B C TheindicatorspeciesamountsincreasedalongwiththewaterquantitiesincreasedfromDtoF butthespeedbecamelower Itisnotthemorewaterquantitieswedischarged thebetteroutcomeswecangetforreedwetlandsrestoration ForSauder sgullwhosesuitablehabitatismudflatwithseablite anditneedsomefreshwater butifwedischargetoomuchwater itshabitatqualitywilldecreased HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioD E F Increasedindicatorspeciesamount 108m3water E F D E especiallytoOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan anditindicatethattheecologicaleffectofScenarioFisbetterthanDandE 每亿方水增加鸟类数量 对 Increasedindicatorspeciesamount 108m3 WetlandeconomicevaluationresultofYellowRiverDeltaunit 108RMB Fordifferentyears thewetlandecologicalvaluein1992arelargerthanitsin2005 fordifferentscenarios Fisthelargest butitneedmorewaterquantities 4 4wetlandecologicalvalue 湿地补水价值 AnintegratedmethodwasappliedtocalculatedenvironmentalflowsofYellowRiverdelta definedthereasonablewetlandscaletobeprotected themechanismofindicatorspeciesandvegetationwaterrequirementwereconsidered theecologicaleffectofdischargingwatercanbe seen 4 5Generalresults Fordifferentrestorationareasscenario scenarioDcangetbetterecologicaleffect andthehabitatcapacityarelargerthanthesummationofdifferentrestorationareas Inonehand thenorthpartandeastpartofNaturereserveareoneintegratedecosystem inanotherhand manyrarebirdschoosenorthwetlandandeastpartastheirbreeding winteringandforagingarea andifwetlandsinonepartwasdepredated thewholepartwillloseecologicalvalueforsomebirdsthattheirforagingsemidiameteraresmall 4 5Generalresults 总结论 Notsuitable Ecological