材料专业 introduction ~ 单词整理.doc

Chapter 2 Interatomic BondingCovalent bond 共价键Dipole (electric) 偶极Hydrogen bond 氢键Ionic bond 离子键Metallic bond 金属键Polar molecule 极性分子Primary bonding 主价键Secondary bonding 次价键Van der Waals bond 范德华键Valence electron 价电子Chapter 3 Structure of Solids Allotropy 同素异形现象，同素异构现象 Amorphous 无定形的，非晶态的 Anisotropy 各向异性Atomic packing factor (APF) 原子密堆因素Body-centered cubic (BCC) 体心立方 Coordination number 配位数 Crystal structure 晶体结构 Crystalline 晶体的Face-centered cubic (FCC) 面心立方 Grain 晶粒 Grain boundary 晶界Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 密排六方 Isotropic 各向同性的 Lattice parameter 晶格参数 Non-crystalline 非晶的 Polycrystalline 多晶的 Polymorphism 多晶型现象，同质异构现象 Single crystal 单晶 Unit cell 晶胞，单胞Chapter 4 Imperfections in solidsAlloy 合金Atom percent 原子百分数Atomic vibration 原子振动Boltzmanns constant 波尔兹曼常数Burgers vector 柏氏矢量Composition 成分Defect structure 缺陷构造Dislocation line 位错线Edge dislocation 刃位错Electroneutrality 电中性Frenkel defect 弗兰克缺陷Grain size 晶粒尺寸Imperfection 缺陷，非理想性Interstitial solid solution 间隙式固溶体Microscopy 显微镜法Microstructure 显微结构，微观结构 Mixed dislocation 混合位错Photomicrograph 显微照片Point defect 点缺陷Scanning electron microscope(SEM) 扫描电子显微镜 Scanning probe microscope (SPM) 扫描探针显微镜Schottky defect 肖脱基缺陷Screw dislocation 螺旋位错Self-interstitial 自间隙的Solid solution 固溶体Solute 溶质Solvent 溶剂Stoichiometry 化学计量学Substitutional solid solution 置换固溶体Transmission electron microscope (TEM) 透射电子显微镜 Vacancy 空位Weight percent 重量百分数Chapter 5 mechanical properties Anelasticity滞弹性 Charpy test简支梁试验 Ductility延展性 Elastic deformation弹性变形 Elastic recovery弹性恢复 Engineering strain工程应变 Engineering stress工程应力 Hardness硬度 Impact energy冲击能 Izod test悬臂梁试验 Modulus of elasticity弹性模量 Plastic deformation塑性变形 Poissons ratio 泊松比 Shear剪切 Tensile strength拉伸强度 Toughness韧性 Yielding屈服 Yield strength屈服强度Chapter 6 Deformation and Strengthening Mechanisms Cold working冷加工 Critical resolved shear stress临界分切应力 Dislocation density位错密度 Grain growth晶粒长大 Lattice strain晶格应变，晶格畸变 Recovery回复 Recrystallization再结晶 Recrystallization temperature再结晶温度 Resolved shear stress分切应力 Slip滑移 Slip system滑移系 Strain hardening形变硬化 Solid-solution strengthening固溶强化 Chapter 7 Phase diagrameAustenite奥氏体Cementite渗碳体Component组元Equilibrium平衡Eutectic phase共晶相Eutectic reaction共晶反应Eutectic structure共晶组织Eutectoid reaction共析反应Ferrite铁素体Hypereutectoid alloy过共析合金Hypoeutectoid alloy亚共析合金Intermetallic compound金属间化合物Invariant point恒定点、三相平衡点Isomorphous匀晶的Metastable 亚稳的Microstructure显微组织Pearlite珠光体Peritectic reaction包晶反应Phase相Phase diagram相图Phase equilibrium相平衡Proeutectoid cementite先共析渗碳体Proeutectoid ferrite先共析铁素体Solubility limit溶解度极限Chapter 8 Phase transformation Annealing退火 Austenitizing奥氏体化 Bainite贝氏体 Coarse pearlite粗珠光体 Fine pearlite细珠光体 Full annealing完全退火 Isothermal transformation diagram等温转变图 Martensite马氏体 Normalizing正火 Nucleation形核率 Phase transformation 相变 Precipitation hardening沉淀强化（ age hardening时效强化 ） Precipitation heat treatment 沉淀热处理 Solution heat treatment固溶处理 Spheroidite球状珠光体 Spheroidizing球化 Supercooling过冷 Superheating过热 Tempered martensite回火马氏体 Thermally activated transformation热激活转变 Transformation rate转变速率Chapter 9 Types and Applications of MaterialsAlloy steel 合金钢Cast iron铸铁Malleabl