Cisco Networkers 2006 - San-1501 - Introduction To Storage Area Networking.ppt

introductiontostorageareanetworks san san 1501 sessionagenda storagebasicsthewhat fibrechannelbasics andthehow wheretogofromhere maintopicsfortoday storagebasics storagebasics storagecomponentshostbusadapterdisks jbods raid storagearraysstoragetopologiesdas nas andsanstorageprotocolsscsistoragetransportprotocolsfibrechannel fc fcip iscsi storagecomponents hoststoragecomponents hostbusadapter hba hardwareresidentonhostserverconnectioninterfacetodisksubsystemconnectionmethodcopperoptical datastoragecomponents fundamentalunitfordatastoragediskdrivetypesparallelscsifibrechanneladvancedtechnologyattachmentata orintegrateddriveelectronics ide serialata sata othertapedrives i odevices diskdrives storageinterconnects connectinghoststostorage parallelscsicopperinterconnectsopticaldirectconnectfibrechannelswitch thescsii ochannel startingpoint scsii ochannelprovideshalf duplexpipeforscsicommand data andstatusscsii ochannelcanbeinternalorexternaltohostmultiplescsii ochannelscanexistwithinhostanetworkapproachcanscalethei ochannelinmanyareas length devices throughput nicadapter scsiadapter nicdriver tcp ipstack adapterdriver scsigeneric blockdevice filesystem applications half duplexi ochannel scsi scsi scsi scsiinitiator scsitarget scsi i ochannel target2 channelcontroller host initiator target1 theparallelscsii ochannel thescsichannelisusedtotransmitscsicommands data andstatusmultipledevicescanexistonthechanneleachplayingtheroleofscsiinitiatororscsitargetmostcommonchannelisthebasicparallelscsibuswhichcanbeinternalorexternaltoahostparallelscsispecifications upto25mbuslengthsharedchannelbandwidthupto320mbpsupto16devicesperscsibushalf duplexoperation scsi target channelcontroller host initiator networkedi ochannel initiator networkingthei ochannel samescsiprotocolcarriedoveranetworktransportviaserialimplementationtransportmustnotjeopardizescsipayload security integrity latency twoprimarytransportstochoosefromtoday namelyipandfibrechannelanetworkedi ochannelallowsformultipleimprovements distancelimitationsgreatlyincreaseddedicatedbandwidth notshared high ofaddressabledevicesbandwidthincrease includinglinkbundling network fibrechannelfabric scsi target ethernetnic hostsystem initiator fibrechanneli onetworking verycommonmethodfornetworkingscsifibrechannelprovideshighspeedtransportforscsipayloadfibrechannelovercomesmanyshortcomingsofparalleli oincluding addressingforupto16millionnodesloop shared andfabric switched transporthostspeedsof100to400mbps 1 4gbps segmentsofupto10km withoutextenders supportformultipleprotocolscombinesbestattributesofachannelandanetworktogether ipi ochannelnetworking ipaccesstoopensystemsiscsiandfibrechannelstorageiscsidriverisloadedontohostsonethernetnetworkabletoconsolidateserversviaiscsiontoexistingstoragearraysabletobuildethernet basedsansusingiscsiarraysstoragecanbemappedfromiscsitofibrechannel iscsi enabledhost initiator iscsiappliance target storagepool target iscsigateway ipnetwork fcfabric fchbaattachedhost initiator iscsi ethernetnic scsi storagesubsystems justabunchofdisks jbod storagearraysredundantarrayofindependentdisks raid simplestoragesystems i odevices jbods serverwithscsi serverwithfibrechannelarbitratedloop fc al trgt0 trgt2 trgt1 trgt3 trgt4 scsijbod fc al trgt3 trgt4 trgt5 fc aljbod scsibus trgt0 trgt1 trgt2 scsicable fccable largestoragesystems bustype i odevices intelligentstoragearrays xbus ybus hostbusadapters hostbusadapters diskdrives diskdrives hostchannelconnections dual processorchanneldirector cache systembus dual processordiskdirector disks cd cd cd cd cache dd dd dd dd largestoragesystems switchedtype hostchannelconnections dual processorchannelconnectors switchedbackplane dual processordiskconnectors disks hostbusadapters hostbusadapters cache diskdrives diskdrives dd dd dd dd cd cd cd cd i odevices intelligentstoragearrays logicalarraysofstorage redundantarrayofindependentdisks raid wordcoinedbyresearchersatuniversityofcalifornia berkeleyin1987amethodtoinexpensivelyputtogetherasetofphysicalharddrivesintoanarrayprovidesfaulttolerancebymirroringorparityoperationsraidcanbeperformedusinghardwareorusinghostbasedsoftware raid typesofraid raid0 strippingforperformanceandsize twoormoreharddisksareconcatenatedtogethertoformalargervolumeraid1 mirroringforreliabilityandavailabilityraid3 errordetectionforreliability availabilityofdatausingusingadedicatedparitydriveraid5 errorcorrectionforreliability availabilityofbothdataandparity raid0 striping dataissegmentedandsplitacrossmultiplespindlesi obenefitsshortreadsandwrites easilyhandlesmultiplesimultaneousreadslongreadsandwrites singleoperationssplitandprocessedinparallelredundancy nonecost good noextrahardware raid1 mirroring dataisduplicatedonmultiplespindlesi obenefitsshortandlongreadswithshorterlatencyshortandlongwritesslowerduetomultiplewritesredundancy goodcost needdoubletheamountofdisks raid0 1 dataisstripedandduplicatedonmultiplespindlesi obenefitsshortandlongreadswithshorterlatencyshortandlongwritesfasteraswritesarespreadacrossmultiplespindlesredundancy goodcost needdoubletheamountofdisks raid1 0 dataisduplicatedandstripedonmultiplespindlesi obenefitslessdowntimethanraid0 1redundancy goodcost needdoubletheamountofdisks raid5 errorcorrecting dataprotectionusingecc errorcorrectioncontrol parityspreadoveralldrivesi obenefitsshortandlongreadsatnormalspeedsshortandlongwritesslowerduetoparitycalculationsredundancy betterthanraid3cost needsonlyoneextradiskforanentirelogicaldisk storagetopologies ipfront endnetwork sanback endnetwork san ipnetwork storagetopologies hosttohostapplicationtofilesystemclienttoservernfs smb cifs ncpnas wafs hosttostoragefilesystemtodeviceprogramtodevicescsi ide ntfs fatsan directattachedstorage das storageiscaptive behind theserver limitedmobilitylimitedscalabilityduetolimiteddevicesnoefficientstoragesharingpossiblecostlytoscale complextomanage fc clients directattachedstorage applicationservers win2k linux unix unix tape fc linux win2k scsi lan networkattachedstorage nas storageisaccessedatafilelevelvianfsorcifsstorageisaccessedoveranipnetworkstoragedevicescanbesharedbetweenserversfilescanbesharedbetweenuserstcpcanbetunedtooptimizeforfiletransport applicationservers nasappliancesornasheadends generic generic nas optimizedforfilei o win2k linux unix lan storageareanetwork san storageisaccessedatablock levelviascsihighperformanceinterconnectprovidinghighi othroughputlowertcorelativetodirectattachedstorage storagecanbesharedlimitedvendorinteroperabilitycomplexmanagement separationofstoragefromtheserver servers blockstoragedevices fibrechannelsan clients lan iscsistoragenetwork storageisaccessedatablock levelviaiscsigoodperformanceviastandardethernetnicenhancedperformancewithtcpoffloadengine toe lowertcorelativetodirectfibrechannelhba fabricstandardsbasedcomplexmanagement iscsi enabledhosts initiators iscsiappliance target storagepool target iscsigateway ipnetwork fcfabric fchbaattachedhost initiator das san iscsi nascomparison host server storagetransport storagemedia computersystem computersystem computersystem computersystem blocki o filei o wideareafileservices wafs wafsprovidesfileservicesbetweenaremoteclientandacentralizedserver storageprotocols smallcomputersysteminterface scsi scsiisastandardthatdefinesaninterfacebetweenaninitiator usuallyacomputer andatarget usuallyastoragedevicesuchasaharddisk interfacereferstoconnectors cables electricalsignals opticalsignalsandthecommandprotocolthatallowinitiatorsandtargetstocommunicatelogicalunitnumber lun a64 bitfieldwithinscsithatidentifiesthelogicallyaddressableunitwithinatargetscsidevice scsicommandprotocol scsicommandprotocolisthedefactostandardthatisusedextensivelyinhigh performancestorageapplicationsthecommandpartofscsicanbe transportedoverafibrechannelstorageareanetworkencapsulatedinipandcarriedacrossipnetworkstounderstandthefinerpointsinvolvedwithtransportingscsiacrossanetworkwithfcorethernet thebasicsofscsimustbewellunderstood standards scsihasevolvedsinceitwasintroducedassasiin1979byshugartassociates itwasapprovedasastandardbyansiin1986andisnowreferredtoasscsi 1scsi 2wasapprovedbyx3in1990andbyansiin1994scsi 3referstoacollectionofstandards eachofwhichdefinesaveryspecificpartofscsi physicalinterface transportinterface commandinterface architecturemodel programminginterface etc alsoknownasscsiarchitecturemodel 3 sam 3 scsiarchitecturemodel san scsii ochannel thescsii otransaction thescsiprotocolformsthebasisofani otransactionthechannelprovidesconnectivitybetweencommunicatingdevicesinascsitransactionthefollowingshowstwosamplescsiexchanges host initiator disk target scsii ochannel disk target host initiator scsireadoperation scsiwriteoperation scsicommands datatransferread writecommandsusedinboot discovery reportlunsinquirytestunitready scsiread sendscsicmdissuedbyinitiator thecommandsentisread scsicommandreceivedbytarget datatransfersoccurduringthe working phasebetweeninitiatorandtarget sendcommandcompleteisreturnedbythetarget commandcompletereceivedbytarget scsiwrite sendscsicmdissuedbyinitiator thecommandsentiswrite scsicommandreceivedbytarget targetreturnstrgt rdy initiatorreceivestrgt rdy datatransfersoccurduringthe working phasebetweeninitiatorandtarget statuscompleteisreturnedbythetarget statuscompletereceivedbyinitiator storagetransportprotocols protocolsusedtotransportscsicommandanddataparallelscsifibrechannelfcipiscsi storageprotocols protocolandtransportstack parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel ethernet ip tcp parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel iscsi scsicommands data andstatus scsiblockcommands scsistreamcommands otherscsicommands scsiapplications filesystems databases fcip fibrechannel scsi i ochannel target2 channelcontroller host initiator target1 theparallelscsii ochannel thescsichannelisusedtotransmitscsicommands data andstatusmultipledevicescanexistonthechanneleachplayingtheroleofscsiinitiatororscsitargetmostcommonchannelisthebasicparallelscsibuswhichcanbeinternalorexternaltoahostparallelscsispecifications upto25mbuslengthsharedchannelbandwidthupto320mbpsupto16devicesperscsibushalf duplexoperation storageprotocols parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel ethernet ip tcp parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel iscsi scsicommands data andstatus scsiblockcommands scsistreamcommands otherscsicommands scsiapplications filesystems databases fcip fibrechannel fibrechannelprotocolandtransportstack whatisit fibrechannel channelsconnectionservicephysicalcircuitsreliabletransfershighspeedlowlatencyshortdistancehardwareintense networksconnectionlesslogicalcircuitsunreliabletransfershighconnectivityhigherlatencylongerdistancesoftwareintense fibrechannelcircuitandpacketswitchedreliabletransfershighdataintegrityhighdatarateslowlatencyhighconnectivitylongdistance ficon fcsinglebytecommandsets ip linkencapsulation fc le ulp upperlevelprotocol sample therearemore scsi 3 scsi 3mapping scsi fcp fc 4 snmpmapping fc snmp fc 3 commonservices fc 0 fc 1 fc 2 fibrechannelphysical signalinginterface fc ph fc ph2 fc ph3 physicalinterface encode decode framingprotocol fc al fc al 2 fc sw 2 copper optical 8b 10bencoding fibrechannelprotocolarchitecture fibrechannelmapping scsiarchitecturetofibrechannelmapping fcpgoeshere fc 4 fc 3fc 2fc alfc 1fc 0 fibrechannelfunctions fc 0definesthephysicalinterfacecharacteristicssignalingrates cables connectors distancecapabilities etc fc 1defineshowcharactersareencoded decodedfortransmissiontransmissioncharactersaregivendesirablecharactersfc 2defineshowinformationistransportedframes sequences exchanges loginsessionsfc 3placeholderforfuturefunctionsfc 4defineshowdifferentprotocolsaremappedtousefibrechannelscsi ip virtualinterfacearchitecture ficon others structureisdividedinto5levelsoffunctionality fibrechannelfc 2hierarchy multipleexchangesareinitiatedbetweeninitiators hosts andtargets disks eachexchangeconsistsofoneormorebi directionalsequenceseachsequenceconsistsofoneormoreframesforthescsi3ulp eachexchangemapstoascsicommand idles sof frameheader datafield crc eof idles generalfc 2frameformat framecontent 0 528transmissionword 4 4 0 2112 24 4 fibrechannelframeformat allfc 2framesfollowthegeneralframeformatasshownbelowidlesare orderedsets usedforsynchronizationandbasicsignalingsof start of frame eof end of frame 6idlewords 24bytes requiresbytx2idlewords 8bytes guaranteedtorx fibrechannelstorageareanetwork san host storage storage host storageprotocols fcipprotocolandtransportstack parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel ethernet ip tcp parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel iscsi scsicommands data andstatus scsiblockcommands scsistreamcommands otherscsicommands scsiapplications filesystems databases fcip fibrechannel ip storageprotocols fcip primaryuseisforstorage to storageconnectivityviaanipwan manthefciplinkcarriesencapsulatedfibrechanneltrafficbetweenlinkendpointsoveranipnetworkbyusingtcponport3225theresultisavirtualinterswitchlink isl betweenfcfabricsfcframenotchanged tcp fcip fc scsi data fcipframeformat fcipsaninterconnect ip virtualisl fciplink storage storage host host storageprotocols iscsiprotocolandtransportstack parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel ethernet ip tcp parallelscsiinterfaces fibrechannel iscsi scsicommands data andstatus scsiblockcommands scsistreamcommands otherscsicommands scsiapplications filesystems databases fcip fibrechannel storageprotocols primaryuseisforhost to storageconnectivityviaaniplanscsicommandanddataareencapsulatedintoiscsibyaddingaspecialheaderiscsidataisencapsulatedintoatcppacketipisthetransportprotocol storageprotocols iscsi ip tcp iscsi scsi data iscsiarchitecture scsideviceiphostiscsinodeinitiatorfcstorageiscsinodetargetscsiportiscsiinitiatorportiscsitargetportnetworkportalanynetworkinterfacewithtcp ipprovidesphysicalipnetworkaccess iscsitargetport networkportalipaddresstcpport iscsiinitiatorport logicalunits iscsitargetport networkportalipaddresstcpport networkportalipaddresstcpport iscsi scsirelationship networkportalhba nic networkportalhba nic ipnetwork iscsihostattachment ip iscsi tcp iplink storage host iscsihost storageprotocolssummary protocolsusedtotransportscsiparallelscsi legacyhosttostoragebustopologyfibrechannel robustserialtransportnetworkforscsiprimarytransportforstorageareanetworksfcip fc 2encapsulationintcp ipsan to sanconnectivitytypicallyusedinthewan maniscsi tcp iptransportforscsiprotocolhost to sanconnectivitytypicallyusedinthelan storagetransportprotocols fibrechannelbasics fibrechannelbasics fibrechannelphysicalattributesportslinksnodesfabricsfibrechanneloperationalcharacteristicsnamingaddressingfabricservicesroutingzoning fcphysicalattributes physical themainphysicalobjectsinfibrechannelare portslinksnodesfabric fabricswitch fl port g port g port g port e port f port f port f port e port node n port node n port node n port node nl port node nl port node nl port porttypeexamples fibrechannelporttypes n port nodeportsusedtoconnectdevicestoswitchedfabricorpointtopointconfigurations f port fabricportsresidingonswitchesconnecting n portdevices l port loopportsareusedinarbitratedloopconfigurationstobuildnetworkswithoutfcswitches theseportsoftenalsohave n portcapabilitiesandarecalled nl ports e port expansionportsareessentiallytrunkportsusedtoconnecttwofibrechannelswitches gl port agenericportcapableofoperatingaseitheran e or f port itsalsocapableofactinginan l portcapacity autodiscovery inter switchlink isl theinterconnectionbetweenswitchesiscalledtheinter switchlink isl e porttoe portsupportsallclassesofserviceclass1 2 3 andaspecialclassffc phpermitsconsecutiveframesofasequencetoberoutedoverdifferentisllinksformaximumthroughput otherstandardandciscospecificporttypes tetrunkinge portthattocarryvirtualsan sfxportsfoundonover subscriptionportsdspandestinationportforanalyzerstspantunnelportusedinremotespanfunctiontftrunkingf porttltranslationloop privatetopublicaddresstranslation n port device n port host deviceinterface serialdataout serialdatain canbemorethenonen portonthedevice fibrechannellink alinkconsistsof2unidirectional fibers transmittinginoppositedirectionsmaybeeither opticalfiberorcoppertransmittersmaybe longwavelasershortwavelaserledelectrical node theequipmentwhichcontainsoneormoren portornl port topologydependent maybe computer hba controller portondisksubsystem device scsifctoparallelconverter isnotaswitchfabricdevice fccommunicationsmodel pointtopointn portton portflowcontrolledacknowledged tx rx n port node link n port host host fc rx tx node node fibrechannelfabric theentitywhichinterconnectsn portsprovidesroutingbasedondestinationaddressfabricmaybe pointtopoint noroutingrequiredarbitratedloop routingisdistributedthroughoutattachedl portsswitched routingprovidedbyswitch fabric pointtopoint communicationsmodelsourcetodestinationhostbusadaptor hba keepsinmemoryaportlogintableofeachn portknowntoitonthenetwork node transmitter receiver receiver node n port n port transmitter communicationsmodel sourcetodestinationbasedonaddressroutingdistributedinthenl portsontheloop arbitratedloop stillpt topt communication switchedfabric n port n port n port n port n port n port fabric switch communicationsmodel sourcetodestinationbasedonaddressroutingthroughthefabric stillapt topt connection fspfroutingrequiredwhenmorethen2switchesmakeupthefabric a b fcoperationalcharacteristics worldwidenames eachswitchelementisassignedawwnattimeofmanufactureeachswitchportisassignedawwnatthetimeofmanufactureduringflogitheswitchidentifiesthewwnintheserviceparametersoftheacceptframeandassignsafibrechannelid fcid theseaddressassignmentscanthencorrelateeachfabricportwiththeswitchelement fabricaddressing the24bitfcidaddressispartitionedinto3fieldsdeviceareadomainthispartitioninghelpsspeeduproutingswitchelementassignstheaddresston portsaddressportioningistransparentton ports device area switchdomain 8bits 8bits 8bits switchtopology directoryserver repositoryofinformationregardingthecomponentsthatmakeupthefibrechannelnetworklocatedataddress fffffc somereadingscallthisthenameserver componentscanregistertheircharacteristicswiththedirectoryserverann po