名师指导BEC中高级写作.doc

名师指导BEC中高级写作商务英语证书（BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE）是教育部考试中心和英国剑桥大学考试委员会合作，于1993年起举办的考试。它在很大程度上借用了雅思的一些出题思路。在接下来的文章中，我们从官方介绍中寻找该考试的目的，并讲解中高级写作的一般方式，以及通过官方提供的样文来分析BEC考试的作文评分方式。首先，我们先解析中华人民共和国教育部考试中心对BEC考试的介绍。“该系列考试是一项语言水平考试，根据公务或商务工作的实际需要，对考生在一般工作环境下和商务活动中使用英语的能力从听、说、读、写四个方面进行全面考查， 对成绩及格者提供由英国剑桥大学考试委员会颁发的标准统一的成绩证书。该证书由于其颁发机构的权威性，在英国、英联邦各国及欧洲大多数国家的商业企业部门 获得认可，成为确认证书持有者英语能力证明的首选证书，同时也是在所有举办该项考试的国家和地区求职的”通行证“。商务英语证书考试（BEC）由中英双方合办。英国剑桥大学考试委员会负责命题，阅卷，颁发证书。中国教育部考试中心负责报名、印制试卷和组织考试。BEC 中级写作45分钟、；BEC 高级 写作70分钟考试答题卡由教育部考试中心海外考试处汇集后寄英国剑桥大学考试委员会评卷。评出成绩后BEC 中级分A、B、C、 D、E五等；BEC 高级分A、B、C 、 D、E五等，），打印成绩通知单（包括不及格的D、E、Fail）和成绩证书，寄至教育部考试中心后寄发各考点向考生颁发。”从这段文字中，我们可以看出，BEC考试不是考专业的商务知识，而是“一般中做环境下和商务活动中”的语言应用。所以，语言的本身功夫才是考核的重点。夯实语言基础在写作考试中起着决定性的作用。第二，中级考试作文两个部分：小作文，memo，note，email，和message，一般是公司内部交流。大作文，correspondence，report，proposal。高级：小作文，图表。大作文中级相似。这里要指出的是，和国内四六级考试的作文评分方式有很多不同的地方。特别是不表类文章。BEC的考试文章对格式要求是比较严格的。第三，作文总的做题方式。1、提纲所示内容一定要以明确方式体现在文章当中。这是判断是否完成任务，是否偏题的依据。所以，提纲的内容改编成中心句体现在文章中这是必要的。2、其次是逻辑，即英文的逻辑是建立在形式逻辑上的。文章中得出现上下承接的词汇。如，我们工作失误，向你道歉。应该改为：因为我的工作失误，所以向您道歉。3、结构上应该是中心句1、2、3的模式。即，文章的第一段一定是中心段，作者的观点和文章的要旨得在第一段得以体现，之后是分支观点，每段的第一句是中心句，后面是支持这一中心的论据而已。4、英文是定量语言。也就是说，不能仅仅依靠一个名人的话语就可以决定观点的正确，得有推论，得有例证。5、要避免简单但严重的错误，如主谓一致、单复数问题、时态、简单词的拼写，和搭配。这些错误看似简单，但十分严重。在英国人的这套考试体系中，是要检测的是有着良好英文修养的人在一般商务情况下的语言英语。在我们看来很简单的错误，如，we are student.这仅仅是单复数问题，在考官看来却能证明考试缺乏基本的英文修养。所以，夯实基础是必要的。6、用词上不一定要用大词汇，考官要的是variety。也就是用词的多样性。同一个意思的词在原文出现多次，那么要尽可能换为它的近义表达，或者改编词性出现，这是所有英文考试作文部分都要看的。第四，下面我们用人民邮电出版社出的BEC真题集中的样文来进一步分析说明考官的关注点和评分点。这是市面上不多的，由剑桥大学考试委员会直接编写和评述的样文，仔细分析，更有利于发现问题。（例一：剑桥BEC真题集 第3辑 高级，剑桥大学考试委员会，人民邮电出版社，2006年9月第一版；例二：剑桥BEC真题集 第3辑 中级，剑桥大学考试委员会，人民邮电出版社，2006年9月第一版）例一 QuestionThe Chief Executive of your company is concerned that staff morale seems to have deteriorated and has invited suggestions for making improvements.Write a proposal to the Chief Executive：suggestion why morale is lowoutlining the effects of low moraleproposing some ways of improving moraleindicating any disadvantages of your proposal.Sample A (4分)Introduction： This proposal aims at showing why staff morale has deteriorated and suggests ways of improving the current situation.Findings： Apart from most superiors opinion that their subordinates are not happy with their job and have developed a low moral towards it due to unsatisfactory salaries and not enough fringe benefits， a survey among the workforce has shown that the real reasons for this problem are to be found elsewhere. Many of the employees mentioned their fixed working hours and yet constantly changing amounts of incoming orders， which - as they claim - leads to boredom at work on some days and pure stress on others. But even more staff members have complaint about constant organizational changes without ever getting the information of what exactly will changed beforehand.The effects can be noticed in every department of the company. Superiors and department directors say that their subordinates are not willing to do any extra work and are absolutely not open for any changes.Recommendations： It is suggested that the first step towards a better work atmosphere be the introduction of flexi time. That way the employees can leave earlier when there isnt much work to do and stay longer when the amount of work rises.The problem of organizational changes should be tackled in three different ways. First of all superiors are to be encouraged to pass more information on to the workforce， secondly the employees should become more involved in the decision making process and at last there should be annual feed backs by the employees about their superiors. The downside of these actions is that they are quite time consuming and this of course leads to more costs but on the other hand there will be less fluctuation.文章结构清晰，语言自然。文章组织和前后链接好。尽管有少许语言错误，但应该是高分档次。具体来说，看结构，该文第一段就说明了proposal的目的，论证过程introduction-findings-recommendations。西方文化是讲求程序化的，也就是说这个引言论证结论是固定的结构，这样才能让考官清晰的看到作者的意图和布局。Sample B (2 分)The employes moral is at a very low level and get deteriorated over the last year.There are some reasons for that：- First of all， the market is not growing which means that nobody is seeing how things could go better and nothing is moving forward.- There are more and more costs controls and in an other hand， employees can see other departments spending money for “useless” furnitures.- Customers are requesting more and more and employes have the feeling they have to do more relationship， politic tan real technical work.Because of those， people are spending time by shouting around against customers， company and colleagues. They are criticizing others， sometimes to times they answer “badly” to customer and their jobs quality is falling down.The proposals to fight against these and to go back to the high quality with motivated employes are：- Management should handle the political part out of the employes hob. Employes have to stay focused on their core competency， the technical things.- By implementing web based training employes could spent their “shouting” time to train themselves from their desk to improve their knowledge and to make their job better. By this， company avoid any extra costs for accommodations， travel and time spend in training classes.These measure bring more workload on Management and more time spent with employes and customers. Web based training means less time spent on “real” work because of the tie needed to learn and assimil the course contents.该文用了足够词汇来回答问题，做到提纲要求的延伸。但语言错误明显，表述目的不明，结构混乱。以上画线部分是很明显的错误，还没包括一些搭配错误等。结构上，该文的中心放在了中间段落，目的不清晰，总结和推论混为一谈。例二，Your department needs to recruit more staff. Your line manager wants you to write a report explaining your requirements and commenting on recruitment methods.Look at the information below， on which you have already made some handwritten notes.Then， using all your handwritten notes， write your report.Write 120-140 words.Sample1 (5分)Report on staff recruitmentAs our company is developing several new products， the department of R&D needs new staff urgently to help design and monitor our products. Thus we need to recruit 35 new staff， including electrical engineers and product developers.All of them should have at least two years experience in relevant field. More specific requirements will finally be decided in a few days.As to recruitment methods， the disadvantage of relying on recruitment agency is that we need more time and procedure than we can afford. So I suggest we turn to a more direct way of Newspaper advertisement， which has been used many times and proved effective.Comparing the two newspaper， Echo and Chronicle， we prefer the former because though it charges ？500 more than the latter， the general readers are 400，000 more， most of whom are highly-educated.We are sure to get reply soon after we launch the recruitment campaign.该文观点清晰，提纲要求全部达到，通顺易懂，尽管有少量语言错误，但不影响它的清晰表达。Sample2 （2分）Recruit Require new staffI am sun Lee from production department. This report is provide to Human Resources department manger to explain our requirement and comment on recruitment method.FindingIn order to improve our company productivity， our department needs 10 higher skill worker. And because of last year， our department have 15 workers leave this company due to there personal reason so， now we need 35 staff. We need ten higher skill worker with high degree and others worker should be female.Recommedation We have 3 ways to recruitment.First is recruitment agency. We use this before. the expenditure is very expensive， and people that provided is not very suitable. Second is online recruitment. We never use this method before， so we can not say this is good or not. However， online recruitment， sometime the resources is unblieveable. Last o