庞德-地铁-红色手推车

EzraPound 1885 1972 Americanpoet critic editor andtranslator consideredoneoftheforemostAmericanliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury PoundwasachiefarchitectofEnglishandAmericanliterarymodernism amovementcharacterizedbyexperimentationinliteraryformandcontent explorationoftheliterarytraditionsofnon Westernandancientcultures andrejectionofthetraditionsoftheimmediatepast Asapoet Poundexperimentedwithvariousverseforms fromshortpoemsfocusingonconcreteimagestohisepicmasterpiece theCantos awiderangingseriesofpoemscombiningancientandmodernhistorywithPound spersonalreflectionsandexperiences Asacriticandeditor Pounddiscoveredandencouragedmanyexperimentalauthors includingIrishwriterJamesJoyce EnglishpoetT S EliotandAmericanwritersFrostandHemingway Asanessayist hewrotemanifestosestablishinginfluentialprinciplesofstyleandtheme EarlyLife EzraPoundwasborninHailey Idaho Whenhewasstillaninfant hisfamilymovedtoGermantown Pennsylvania Byage15 Poundhaddecidedtobecomeapoet resolvingthatbytheageof30he wouldknowmoreaboutpoetrythananymanliving In1901heenteredtheUniversityofPennsylvania wherehebefriendedthefuturepoetsWilliamCarlosWilliamsandHildaDoolittle AftertwoyearshetransferredtoHamiltonCollegeinNewYorkState andhegraduatedin1905 HereturnedtotheUniversityofPennsylvaniaforgraduatestudiesinRomancelanguages earninghisM A degree PoundthentaughtlanguagesforabrieftimeatWabashCollegeinIndiana DecidingthattherewasnoplaceintheUnitedStatesforpoets PoundmovedtoEurope livingfirstinVenice Italy Therehepublishedhisfirstvolumeofpoetry ALumeSpento 1908 ConvincedthatLondonwas theplaceforpoetry herelocatedthereandworkedasthesecretaryofIrishpoetWilliamButlerYeats DuringhistimeinLondon Poundsupportedhimselfbywritingandteaching HealsoservedastheLondonrepresentativefortwoAmericanliteraryjournals theChicago basedPoetrymagazineandtheNewYorkCity basedTheLittleReview Onthelookoutforwriterswhoseemeddedicatedtoreinvigoratingliteratureoftheperiod orinhiswords makingitnew heregularlysentsomeoftheera sfinestpoemstobepublishedinPoetry notablyT S Eliot s TheLoveSongofJ AlfredPrufrock 1915 PoundalsoeditedearlydraftsofEliot smasterpieceTheWasteLand 1922 Developmentasapoet Inhisownpoetryandessays Poundestablishedprinciplesthatmanymodernistwriterswouldfollow Detestingwhathecalled emotionalslither hedemandeda harderandsaner poetrythatwas nearerthebone thantraditionalverse with fewerpaintedadjectivesimpedingtheshockofit Hewarnedpoets Goinfearofabstraction Whatwasneededwas directtreatmentofthe thing whethersubjectiveorobjective andrhythmthatwas insequenceofthemusicalphrase notinthesequenceofametronome Inabout1909Poundbecamethefounderand foratime theleaderoftheschoolofpoetrycalledimagism featuringsuccinctverse whichpresentsanintellectualandemotional complex inaninstantoftime Pound sownpoetryofthisperiodappearedinsuchvolumesasPersonae 1910 Cathay 1915 andLustra 1916 AmericanpoetAmyLowelleventuallyassumedleadershipoftheimagistmovement andPoundmovedontothevorticismmovement AlongwithBritishartistandwriterWyndhamLewis Poundattemptedtoinvestdynamicenergyinthepoeticimage whichhesaidwasnotanideabut aradiantnodeorcluster aVORTEX fromwhich andthroughwhich andintowhich ideasareconstantlyflowing Poundconsideredtherestorationofsophisticationandhistoricalrichnesstoliteratureasanecessaryandintegralpartofhiscommitmenttoinnovation AsaresulthehadamixedviewofAmericanpoetWaltWhitman whomheadmiredforhisexperimentalstylebutdislikedforwhatheconsideredWhitman slackofinterestinculturalmattersbeyondAmerica andforhisveryinfatuationwithanAmericathathaddisappointedPound Insuchpoemsas APact 1916 PoundpaidgrudgingrespecttoWhitman callinghima pig headedfather butadding Itwasyouthatbrokethenewwood Nowitistimeforthecarving Partofthissymbolic carving ofanewliterarytraditionwastheuseofpoeticdevicesfromforeignlanguages Tothisend PoundextensivelytranslatedpoetryfromtheJapaneseandChineseAround1914 PoundconceivedofapoetrysequencethatwouldpossessthesweepofWhitman smajorvolumeofpoetry LeavesofGrass 1855 butwouldusemodernistdevices TheresultwastheCantos Writtenfrom1915to1970 theCantoseventuallytotaled116poems WritteninwhatPoundcalledtheideo grammaticmethod featuringunexpectedjuxtapositionsandassociations thevariousCantoscombinedreminiscence meditation andallusionstomanycultures includingRenaissanceItaly dynasticChina and18th centuryAmerica Oftendifficulttounderstand theCantosareendlesslydebatedbyscholarsandarewidelyregardedasthe20thcentury sclosestapproximationtoamodernpoeticepic Politicalalienations ThedevastationcausedbyWorldWarI 1914 1918 deepenedPound sdisillusionwiththeWest whichhelabeled abotchedcivilization HisbitternesswasvisibleinhissatiricalvolumeHughSelwynMauberly LifeandContacts 1920 whichdescribesthe tawdrycheapness anddeteriorationofamodernAmericaPoundcalled ahalf savagecountry Believingthatcapitalismmarginalizedorexcludedpoets PoundsoughtcountriesthathefeltweremorehospitableandleftEnglandin1920 HemovedfirsttoFranceandthentoItaly wherein1925hesettledinthevillageofRappallo PoundsawItaly sfascistdictatorBenitoMussoliniasapotentialsavioroftheworldfromcapitalism In1933hemetMussolini whopraisedhispoetry Poundbecameanactivesupporteroffascism promotingitonradiobroadcaststoEnglandandtheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarII 1939 1945 Inanti capitalistandanti Semiticspeeches PounddenouncedthoseheheldresponsiblefortheWest sdecline inparticular Jewishbankers WhentheAlliedtroopsoccupiedItalyin1945neartheendofWorldWarII Poundwasimprisonedforweeksinanopen aircage Afterbeingtransferredtoamedicaltent hewrotethePisanCantos 1948 whichconsistoftensectionsdescribingtheprison itsenvironment anditsinhabitants Becauseoftheirvividimageryandunityasawhole thesepoemsareregardedbysomeashisfinestpoems In1946PoundwastakentoWashington D C tobetriedfortreason Histrialwascanceledafterhewasdeclaredlegallyinsane andheenteredahospitalforthecriminallyinsane wherehecontinuedtowriteandtoreceivevisitors In1949Pound sPisanCantoswonthefirstannualLibraryofCongressBollingenAwardforPoetry reopeningthedebateoverhisliterarystature Stronglydefendedbyseveralprominentwriters includingHemingway Frost Poundwasreleasedfromthehospitalin1958 andhereturnedtoItaly Poundspenthisfinalyearsinself imposedliterarysilence leavingtheCantosincomplete Despitethereprehensiblepoliticsofhislaterlife Poundwasanimportantpoetandliteraryinnovatorwhoforgedthewaytomodernismwhileretaininganallegiancetoliterarytradition EditionsofPound swritingsincludeMakeItNew 1934 PoliteEssays 1937 TheLettersofEzraPound 1907 1941 1950 LiteraryEssaysofEzraPound 1954 CollectedEarlyPoemsofEzraPound 1976 andEzraPound ACriticalAnthology 1970 InaStationoftheMetro Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd Petalsonawet blackbough Backgroundofthepoem ThreeyearsagoinParisIgotoutofa metro trainatLaConcorde andsawsuddenlyabeautifulface andthenanotherandanother andthenabeautifulchild sface andthenanotherbeautifulwoman andItriedallthatdaytofindwordsforwhatthishadmeanttome andIcouldnotfindanywordsthatseemedtomeworthy oraslovelyasthatsuddenemotion Andthatevening asIwenthomealongtheRueRaynouard IwasstilltryingandIfound suddenly theexpression IdonotmeanthatIfoundwords buttherecameanequation notinspeech butinlittlesplotchesofcolor Itwasjustthat a pattern orhardlyapattern ifby pattern youmeansomethingwitha repeat init Butitwasaword thebeginning forme ofalanguageincolor IdonotmeanthatIwasunfamiliarwiththekindergartenstoriesaboutcolorsbeingliketonesinmusic Ithinkthatsortofthingisnonsense Ifyoutrytomakenotespermanentlycorrespondwithparticularcolors itisliketyingnarrowmeaningstosymbols InaStationoftheMetro 1 Whatdothewords theMetro referto 2 IsthepoetassumingthatwealreadyknowwhichparticularMetrostationistheimmediatesettingforwhatfollows 3 Whydidhenotidentifythestationfullyinthepoem Whatmattersaboutthisstationisnotitsuniqueidentitybutratheritstypicalityofitsclassorkind theMetrostationofPariscertainlybutpossiblyallstationsofthistype Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd 1 Whatisthetime settingofthepoem 2 Whatmight these inLine1infer Ifwechangethefirstlineintothe facesofthecrowd or thefacesofthiscrowd howwouldwefeel Thisistheveryfirstmentionoffaces yetitisnotonlyspecificbutselective andnotmerelyselectivebut near not far initsperspectiveinspaceandtime Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd Comingintoview especiallyofaghostorthespiritofadeadperson 1 AnactofcomingintoviewVisualimpressionsomeoneorsomethingmakesontheobserver theaspectorcharacterpresentedbysomethingorsomeonewhenseen ThestationoftheMetrointhe1920s UndergroundrailwaysystemofParis dankandgloomy Asadeterminer theseismaximallyspecific suggestiveofimmediacyinspaceandtimeItisselectiveaswell Itpicksoutcertainfacesforspecialattention faceswhicharecloseratherthandistant InFrenchapparitioncanandoftendoescarrythespecialmeaningofthewaysomethingappearstoaviewerattheprecisemomentitisperceivedtosuggesttheuniquewayinwhichthefacesappearedtotheviewerattheprecisemomentoftheirbeingperceivedconveythefeelingofsurpriseddiscoverywhichsuchavisioninsuchaplacemustevoke MNQTHEAPPARITIONofthesefacesinthecrowd0PETALSonawet blackbough M modifierN nounQ qualifi