文献翻译-蒸发式冷凝器的研究现状及其应用

附录1英文原文ResearchprogressandApplicationofEvaporativeCondenserAbstract:Differentcondensersareintroduced,andtheircharacteristicsarecompared,thestructure,principleandcharacteristicsofevaporativecondenserareexpoundedinparticular,Applicationandresearchofevaporativecondenserareanalyzed,problemsexistingintheirapplicationaresummarizedandaccordinglythesolutionsareproposed.Finally,prospectandthefurtherdevelopmentofevaporativecondensearedescribed.Keywords:evaporativecondenser,Application,Researchprogress1forewordWiththedevelopmentofindustry,energyandwaterresourceinChinaisverynervous,energyiscalledwater,coal,oilandnaturalgasoutsideofthefifthenergy,andourvariousindustrialprocessandequipmentinvolvedintheprocessofcoolingenergyisveryserious,thesamephenomenonofcondensingload,oftenseveraltimesmorethanforeignconsumptionofenergy.Industrialproductionincoolingwater,coolingwaterover70%directdischargecancausepollution,wasteofresources,thecurrenteconomicandsavinghasbecomeoneofourbasicstatepolicy.Evaporativecoolingcondenserisoneofthekeyequipmentsrecycling,Inaddition,theenergycrisisandwaterenvironmentandpromotingtheevaporationoftheresearchandapplicationofthecondenser.2thecondenser2.1aircoolingcondenserAircoolingcondenserforair-cooledcondenser,refrigerantcoasteheatoftheairawaybycondensation,refrigerantsinpipe.Duetotheairconvectionheattransfercoefficientislow,thecoillateralusuallyaddfinnedheatairsidetoincreasethearea.Thecondenserissmall,condensingheattransfercoefficientofhighertemperature,pressure,refrigerator,condensationreducedefficiency.Aircoolingcondensersbiggestadvantageisnotneedwater,especiallysuitableforwatersupplydifficultsituationsor.2.2water-cooledcondenserAsacoolant,makewaterhightemperatureandhighpressuregasstationequipment,calledthecondensingcoolingcondenser.Thecondensingcoolingcondensertemperatureislow,theair-cooledcondensertotherefrigerationcapacityandoperationefficiencyarebeneficialindomesticandindustrialrefrigerationsystemshavebeenwidelyapplied.Theuseofcondensercoolingwater,cana,alsocanrecycle.Becauseoftheshortageofwaterresourcesandwater.Whenusingcirculatingcoolingtowers,needtohavesuchdevices,makingthewaterfromthecondensercooling,inordertogetcoolingcyclerepeateduse.Commonwater-cooledcondenserarehorizontal,verticaltubeandshellcondensercasingtubeandshellcondenserandcondenser,etc.Airandwatercooling2.3jointcondenser2.3.1RainwatercondenserThroughthecoolingwaterflowtotheheatsinkinwater,thegrouptoformthemembrane,waterevaporationheatcanbetakenaway,andwatertoshowthewayhavecooledheat.Butbecausethewaterfilm,andnotintheairblowerwithhighspeedundertheinfluenceofwaterflowandheattransferofevaporation,pooreffect.Becauseofthepipetokeeplargedistancebetweentheairclear,thereforethecondensercoversanareaofbig,metalconsumption,atpresenttheproductionanduseless.2.3.2evaporationcondenserEvaporationcondenserevaporationandcondensationandsensibleheatisbasedonthetwodifferenttemperature,fluid(waterandair)releasedwhenitishot,evaporationcoolingfluid(water),thecoolingeffectispartoftheliquidintosteambyheatreleasedevaporationmodalandtorealize.Evaporationfromcondenserwatertowerandimprovetheoperationprincipleanditswatertowerbasicsame,butrelativelyYuLiangtowers,becauseitsavescoolingwaterinthecondenser,condensingheattransferstageofairtemperatureShiQiuWenDucloser,thecondensingcoolingwatercondensertemperatureislow35c,itcangreatlyreducepowerconsumption,thecirculatingcompressorreduceddosage,onlyonethirdofthetowerofcoldwater.Evaporationfromheatexchanger,maincondensercirculatingwatersystemandtheairblowerthreeparts.Heatexchangerispartofagroup,serpentinehoseinaverticalboxatthebottomofthecabinet,forwater.Irregularpipeevaporationcondenserinclude:(1)heatcoil.Generallighttubecondenserevaporation,butwiththeheatexchangeresearch,elliptictubes,dropsform,corrugatedpipeandalternatingsurfacebellowsnewefficientcoil(a)spiralgroove,(b)horizontalgrain,(c)piercedtrough,(d)distortion.(2)fan.Evaporationcondenserhaveairsuctiontypeandcombinedtypetwokinds,airsuctiontypefaninstalledintheboxontopofthecasingpressureismaintained,waterevaporationtemperatureislow,butbeindampairblower,easycausecorrosion.(3)spraywaterandnozzle.Spraywaterofwaterallocationandevenlyoncondenserwaterevaporationofheattransfereffecthasverybigeffect.Accordingtoexperience,spraywatertoallwetcoil,thewatersurfacetoformacontinuousfilmforthebest,togainmaximumheattransfercoefficient,andreducingthescale.(4)flushboards.Flushboardswillheatandmoistureintheair,thewaterblockingwithreducewaterloss,blowaflushboardstocontrolthelossofwatercycle0.002%0.2percentfortotal.Evaporationcondenseriswillentertheheatcoilofhightemperatureandhighpressuresteamcondensaterefrigerants.Coiltopclothwatersystemconstantlycoolingwaterspraytotheserpentinecoil,thinlayersurfacewaterfilm,absorbheattuberefrigerants,notpartoftheevaporationcoolingwaterevaporationtankontothenextcycle,Fromthebottomofairflowsintothebox,fancoilheatwillevaporatemoistureawayinthecondensertothetopsaturatedwetairexhaustform.Evaporativecoolingaircondenserwillbetransferandwithmasstransfer,water-cooledcondenserandthecoolingtoweristheeffectiveintegrationofcondensingequipmentstructure.Hasthefollowingfeatures:(1)water.Ittakesadvantageoflatentheat,watervaporizingwater-cooledcondensercoolingcantakeeveryLKGobviously25.12kJcalories,andLKGwaterintheatmospherewilltakeabout2428kJevaporationheatandevaporationcondenserwaterforcoolinggeneraltheoryonly1%ofcondenser,Consideringthesplashdamage,changethewaterpollution,theactualconsumptionfactorssuchaswater-cooledaboutthe5%10%.EvaporationcondensergreatlyreducestheconsumptionofwaterinChina,thenorthernregionofwatershortagehasimportantsignificance,(2).Becauseofair-cooledcondensercondensingabilitylimitedenvironmenttemperature,anddryballevaporativecondenser,andShiQiuWenDulimitedenvironmentShiQiuWenDugeneralthandotheballlowtemperature8-14degreesCelsius,addtotheupperfanequipmentduetonegativeenvironment,therefore,comparedwiththeair-cooledcondenserevaporativecondensertemperature,lowcondensationandcondensatetemperaturerise1c,eachunitofpowerconsumptionwillincreasecapacity,soby3%3.5%evaporativecondenserpower-consumptionwillsignificantlyreduced.Energy-savingeffectisobvious.InHVACsystem,relativetoothercondensercanenergy20%40%,(3)compactstructure.Becauseoftheheatandmasstransferprocessintwoevaporativecondenser,andnotintime,comparedwithtraditionalcoolingneedswithcoolingwatercondenser,morecompactstructure,(4)dontpollutetheenvironment.Manyplantbeforeusingshellandtubetypeorspraycondenser,summerbecausethepressurewastoohighcondensation,oftenuseventingstep-down,butnotallthetime,whichisthenon-condensablegascontainingplentyofammonia,accordingtorelevantdepartments,sometimesupto90%sampleanalysis,ammonialossisquiteserious,alsocauseenvironmentalpollution.Butwithevaporationcondenserafternonexistentthisphenomenon.Thisforadvocatingenvironmentalprotectionsocietyhasthevitalsignificance.Developedcountriesevaporationcondenserusedwidely.3researchprogressResearchprogressof3.1abroadabroadtheevaporativecondenser.In1952,S.G.Chuklinisproposedonthegeneralizedevaporativecondenserdesignmethod3.ParkerandTreybalofevaporativecoolerofheatandmasstransferdetailedexperimental4.LeidenfrostandKorenicParkerinTreybalandisconductedonthebasisofthemathematicalmodel,theimprovementoftheirspraywaterflowexperimentiscarriedout5.ZalewskiofcondenserwaterflowedGryglaszewskiandheattransferperformanceofthebundlewasstudied6.Alonsoputforwardageneralevaporativecoolerofheatandmasstransfermodel7.Theearliestdomesticresearchprogressof3.2researchevaporativecoolingtechniquebeganinthe1980s,butbecauseofdomesticmanufactureandapplicationtechnologyofthesignificanceofenergysaving,inadequateunderstanding,thistechnologyindomesticdidnotcauseenoughattention,relevanttheoreticalandexperimentalresearchliteratureisrare.Sincethelate1990s,alongwiththecountryandtheenterprisetotheimportanceofsavingenergyandunsaturatedevaporativecoolingtechnologyresearch,theincreasinglymorethoroughresearchcontentalso.Intheaspectoftheory,suchaspipechangjiangwalkingprocessofwaterevaporationcoolingcrossreferenceforresearchobject,WangTieJunrefluxtypetowermathematicalmodelofthethermalcalculation,thispaperputsforwardaquasi-threedimensionalcalculationmethod,Defineaseriesofdimensionlessparameter,throughthecalculationofE-gotcross-flowNTUrelationshipchart,DiscussvariousparametersonitsthermodynamicpropertiesandE-NTUrelations.4applicationsituationanddeficiencies4.1applicationsituationEvaporationcondenserinwesterndevelopedcountrieshavemorewidelyusedindomesticapplications,duetotheactualsituationofthenorthwestregionwaterevaporationcondenser,extensionandapplicationinthenorthwest,hotels,officebuildings,shoppingarcadecivilbuilding,andtheprinting,paintshop,computerroomsandotherindustrialarchitectureandfresh-keeping,coldstorage,storagearchitectureofagriculturalgreenhousesuchcoolingairconditioningequipmentbasicusingevaporativecondenserandbeer,food,beverage,pharmaceutical,oilandchemicalindustry,alsomoreandmoreUSESevaporativecondenser,accordingtosomeofthecompanysapplicationdatashows,thecondensingeffectisgood,savingenergyandwatercharacteristicisobvious.4.2deficiencyandthesolvingmethodsTheapplicationofevaporativecondenserisincreased,inrecentyears,domesticandforeignresearchunceasinglythorough,receivedthegoodeffect.Buttheevaporationcondenserinuseprocess,thereexistsomeproblems,tobringsomeuserseconomiclosses.Intheapplicationofevaporativecondensermainproblemsinthecourseof:(1)thescalingproblems.Duetoevaporationcondenser,compactstructure,highthermalheatfast,scalingonheattransferperformanceinfluenceisconsiderable.Manyfactorsinfluencethescaling,heattransfersurfacesurfacetemperatureandthesurfaceroughness,surfacestructure,fluidflow,pHvalue,thefluidtemperature,fluidofimpurityionscontentandplaysaveryimportantrole.Tosolvethecurrentanti-scalingmethodmainlyare:1)chemicalmethod,namelyincirculationwater,suchasaddinginhibitorNa5P3O10,soil6NaPO3(as),organophosphateinhibitor(withcarbonbisphosphate,carboxylacid,organiclowmolecularweightpolymerscaleinhibitors(polyacrylicacidorsodiumsalt,etc.;(2)thephysicalmethods,suchasmagneticprocessingtechnology,electrostaticprocessingtechnology,ultrasonictechnologyandelectronictechnology,orsurfacemodificationalsobelongtothisone;3)increaseevaporation,someappetizers(condenserpipeheatexchangerinordertoreducewetofwalltemperature,slow,usingthewayofincreasingpipegetscoldmeats,alsocanhavebettereffectofanti-scaling.Coolingsectionisatthetopofthegeneralondehydrationandadoptscopperchips,inordertoimprovethecurlporosity.whenandstrengthenheat,butevenscalingpreventiontechnology,mustalsobeaware,scaleremoval,suchmeasuresadoptedcannotonlyimprovetheheattransferefficiencyofcondenser,stillcanprolongtheservicelifeofcondenserevaporation.(2)thecorrosionproblems.Duetoevaporationcondensershellinwaterandairperennialdampenvironment,easytocorrosion,ifseverelycorrosive,willnotonlyaffecttheprocessofproduction,butwillgivetheproductionprocesstobringhugeeconomiclosses,thussolvingcorrosionproblems,prolongtheservicelifeofheatexchanger.Corrosionofthemainmeasuresare:sacrificialanodemethod,electrolessplatingmethod-P,surfacecoatingmaterialhandling,changeetc.(3)thereasonabledistributionofwater.Spraywaterquantityselectionanddistributionofevaporativecondenserheateffectsaresignificant,spraywaterunitwidthofgeneralwithcoolingwatertothedomesticandforeignproducts,inferiorproductperformancecomparedwithforeignproducts,smallvolume,andsprayevenly,thecurrentdomesticenoughinthisaspect,makewaterliteratureshouldbefurtherreasonablematchingtheoryresearch.Inwaterdistributionsystem,usinglargepreventtypesprinklermouth,insteadofnumerousblowhole,cangreatlysimplifiedwaterdistributionsystem,improvetheefficiencyandreliableoperation,easymaintenanceandmaintenancecostsreduced.(4)fan.Previousdomesticevaporationcondenserisblowbackstructure,faninstalledbelow,duetoimpropersettingflushboards,oruserimproperoperation,first,afterthepumpdrivefanfanmotor,makewatershort-circuitboxestoburn.Now,byairsuctiontype,avoidthejunctionboxincasecontactwithwater,andgenerallydoesnotexist,butthehigherrequirementsforfanblades,abilitycorrosion.(5)theproblemofvibrationandnoise.Evaporationcondenserruntimenoisefromfouraspects:themainwater,waterpump,fannoiseandthecomprehensivenoisefalling.Onefannoise.Thenoiseofthefanblades,canchooselownoisedesignwidthofaxialflowfanandincreaseexhaustmuffler.Thenoise,canbeusedtodropdownnoisereduction,themufflerblankettoeliminatenoisecanbeusesound-absorbingmaterial.Duetothetubebundlegohighpressuregas,ifnotfirm,fixedbyhigh-pressureairimpact,easytooccur,andthelargervibrationnoise.Therefore,weshouldpayattentiontobundleandcabinet,alsocanconsiderthecaseintheretainingboltbasedonchannelshockspringstoreducethenoiseisused.(6)maintenanceproblems.Evaporationcondenserformaintenancerequirementisrelativetaller,theuserneedsregularmaintenance.Thealgaeintheheataccumulationofsurfacetoreduceheattransferefficiency;,Inaddition,corpsbacteriaalsoisakindofharmfulmicrobes,sendouttothewaterintheairofrespiratorytractandlungstoproduceinfection.Somustbecleanedregularlytanktoensurequalityrequirements,sundrytopreventalgaeandcorpsbacteria.5developmentprospectsThedevelopmentofevaporativecondensersshouldpayattentiontothetheoryofthefirst,seekinnovationandperfectionofthenewtheory.Intubularevaporationcondenser,inordertoimprovetheperformanceofcondensingequipment,exceptonthestructurechangeoftubetype,theresearchalsoevaporationcondensermanufacturerinnovateimproveequipmentperformanceofamajorway.Withthedeepeningoftheresearch,strengthenthepipetypemoreandmore,inthistodistorttube,forexample,asanewelement,itsinternalheatdistortionofthespiralflowwithverticaltubefluidtorotateandsecondaryflowasthemaincharacteristicsofstrongdisturbance,makethetubetemperaturegradientinradialflowtoproducelargemixed,walltemperaturegradient,soastorealizetheheattransferenhancement.Visiblebystrengtheningthepipeiscurrentlyanimportantdevelopingdirection.Waterflowsfromtubemembranesurface,thesurfacetensionofcontraction,cannotbeobserved.Inaddition,inseawaterdesalinationfield,withthesameprincipleofevaporativeplatecondensercanalsountothiskindtype,butalsocanbeusedforcondenserevaporationrefrigerationfield,itsstructureismorecompact,ismoresuitableforsmallandmedium-sizedcommercialairconditioningsystem,especiallythefield.Inordertoimprovetheheattransferperformance,canusesurfaceheatstructure,itcanimprovetheflowcondition,strengthenwaterandairbetweentheheatandmasstransferprocess,greatlyenhancestheheatandheattransferperformance,andtheheatonthespecialstructureofitselftofinish,donotneedanyadditionalmaintenance.Allkindsofheatplatecondenserevaporationofsignalbeforecondensationcoilisusedmostlyhot-dipzinctopreventcorrosionproblems,inrecentyears,Chinahassomemanufacturersofcondensingcoilusedstainlesssteelmaterials,basicallysolvedtheproblemofcorrosion,andgreatlyprolongthelife,reduceweighedmorethan20%.Fromthelowerproductioncost,reducecorrosionandreducethequalityintoconsideration,stainlesssteelmaterialisevaporativecondensercondensingcoiladevelopmentdirection.ForthedevelopmentofChineseevaporativecondenser,shouldfocusontheexplorationofthecondenserevaporationprincipleanddesignideas,withChinasnationalconditionsandtheintroductionofadvancedmanufacturingtechnology,thistheorycancompensateforourshortcomings,makeusinarelativelyshortperiodoftimetoachievehigherlevelofdevelopment.Inaddition,condensermanufacturers,researchunitsandtheuseofcondensingmutualcooperationandcommondevelopment,designofevaporativecondenserisoneofevaporativecondensingdevelopmentdirection.Thecondenserplaytheirmanufacturerindesignandmanufactureofevaporativecondenser,scientificresearchunitstoplaytheirtheoryanddesignaspectsoftheirstrengths,applicationofenterprisesintheapplicationofstrengths,mutualcooperation,mutualcooperationinChina,thedevelopmentandapplicationofevaporativecondenser.BecauseChinasvast,climaticconditions,andevaporationcondenserofcondensingeffect,theclimateconditionsshouldbecombinedwiththespecificsituationtodesignandmanufactureaccordingtothecondenser,orevaporationconditionschangethroughoutthecondenserevaporationequipmenttechnicalindex,evaporationcondenserdesignandmanufactureofintelligence.Toachievethisgoal,wecanestablishdatabase,usingallclimatecondition,thecomputeraideddesignisevaporativecondenserdesignandmanufactureofanimportantdevelopingdirection.6epilogueIngeneral,ourevaporationcondenserdevelopmentandapplicationofrelativelylagsbehind,theapplicationprocessalsoexistsomeproblems.Butasanenergysavingheatexchangeequipment,water-savingevaporativecondenserswithgoodprospect,especiallyinrecentyears,electricpowerresourceandwatershortonevaporationcondenserwillpromotetheresearchandapplicationoftechnologyofevaporativecondenserproductsandfurtherapplications.Forthosewhorequireprecisecontrolofairconditionersystem(suchasthewatersource&heatpumpairconditioning,frozenandchemicalprocessflowcooling,etc)andoperatingenvironments,evaporationcondensereasiertomeetrequirementsprocesscontrol.Engineeringapplicationshowsthatthisproducttoreplacethetraditionalcoolingcondenserwatertower,+generalcanincreasetheinitialinvestmentinaboutayear,andeconomicbenefitcanberecovered.Becausethisequipmentprocessingtechnology,withrelativelyeasytolearnandraisingthelevelofanti-scalingrusttechnologydevelopment,theproductswillgetmoreextensiveapplication.2中文翻译蒸发式冷凝器的研究现状及其应用摘要:介绍了不同形式的冷凝器,并比较了其特点,重点阐述了蒸发式冷凝器的原理、结构及特点,分析了蒸发式冷凝器的应用及研究状况,总结了其在应用过程中存在的问题与解决方法,并对蒸发式冷凝器的进一步发展做出了展望。关键词:蒸发式冷凝器;应用;研究现状1前言随着工业的发展,我国水资源和能源都非常紧张,节能被称为是水、煤、石油和天然气之外的“第五能源”,而我国各类工业过程和设备中涉及的制冷过程耗能现象十分严重,相同的冷凝负荷,往往比国外多消耗几倍的能量。工业生产中冷却用水占70%以上,冷却用水直接排放会造成热污染、经济和资源浪费,目前节水节能已成为我国的一项基本国策。蒸发式冷凝器就是冷却水重复利用的关键设备之一;另外,能源危机和水环保也促进了蒸发式冷凝器的研究和应用。2冷凝器概况2.1空气冷却式冷凝器空气冷却式冷凝器简称为风冷式冷凝器,制冷剂放出的热量由空气带走,制冷剂在管内冷凝。由于空气的对流传热系数很低,故在盘管外侧通常加肋片以增加空气侧的传热面积。这种冷凝器的传热系数比较小,冷凝温度较高,使冷凝压力升高,制冷机效率降低。空气冷却式冷凝器的最大优点是不需冷却水,因此特别适用于缺水地区或者供水困难的场合。2.2水冷式冷凝器用水作为冷却介质,使高温高压的气态制冷剂冷凝的设备,称为水冷式冷凝器。水冷式冷凝器的冷凝温度较风冷式冷凝器低,这对压缩机的制冷能力和运行的经济性都比较有利,目前在国内工业制冷系统中得到了广泛应用。水冷式冷凝器中使用的冷却水,可以一次流过,也可以循环使用。由于水资源短缺,目前普遍采用循环水的形式。使用循环水时,需设有冷却水塔等装置,使离开冷凝器的水得到冷却降温,以便重复循环使用。常用的水冷式冷凝器有卧式壳管式冷凝器、立式